LTST-S327TBKSKT LED Mai Launuka Biyu SMD - Shudi & Rawaya - 20mA/30mA - 76mW/75mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakken ƙayyadaddun bayanai na ƙaramin kayan LED mai launuka biyu da ake haɗawa a saman allon. Na'urar ta haɗa cikakkun ƙananan na'urori masu haske guda biyu a cikin fakitin guda ɗaya: ɗaya yana fitar da hasken shudi ɗayan kuma yana fitar da hasken rawaya. An tsara wannan tsari don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar nuni na yanayi da yawa ko gaurayawan launuka a cikin ƙaramin wuri.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi

Babbar fa'idar wannan ɓangaren ita ce ƙirar sa ta tanadin sarari, ta haɗa hanyoyin haske guda biyu. An gina shi ta amfani da kayan semiconductor na zamani: InGaN don fitar da shudi da AlInGaP don fitar da rawaya, waɗanda aka sani da ingantaccen aiki da haske. Fakitin ya cika ka'idojin RoHS kuma an gama shi da kwanon tin don ingantaccen haɗin gwiwa. Ana kawo shi akan tef ɗin daidaitaccen masana'antu mai girman milimita 8 da aka ɗora akan reels inci 7, wanda ya sa ya dace da tsarin haɗawa ta atomatik mai sauri da hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa na infrared reflow. Aikace-aikacensa na yau da kullun sun haɗa da kayan aikin sadarwa, na'urori masu sarrafa ofis, kayan amfanin gida, allunan sarrafa masana'antu, hasken baya na madannai, alamomin yanayi, da aikace-aikacen sigina daban-daban.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Abu

Sashe na gaba yana ba da cikakken bincike game da halayen lantarki, na gani, da na zafi na na'urar bisa ga bayanan da aka bayar.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar

Waɗannan ƙimar suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba. Ga guntu shudi: Matsakaicin ɓarnar wutar lantarki shine 76 mW, matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba (a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini: 1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun 0.1ms) shine 100 mA, kuma matsakaicin ci gaba da DC na gaba shine 20 mA. Ga guntu rawaya: Matsakaicin ɓarnar wutar lantarki shine 75 mW, matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba shine 80 mA, kuma matsakaicin ci gaba da DC na gaba shine 30 mA. An ƙididdige na'urar don kewayon zafin aiki na -20°C zuwa +80°C da kewayon zafin ajiya na -30°C zuwa +100°C. Matsakaicin yuwuwar zafin haɗin gwiwa na infrared shine 260°C na tsawon lokacin da bai wuce dakika 10 ba.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

An ƙayyade waɗannan ma'auni a zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C kuma suna wakiltar yanayin aiki na yau da kullun. Ƙarfin haske (Iv) na launuka biyu ya bambanta daga mafi ƙanƙanta na 28.0 mcd zuwa matsakaici na 180.0 mcd lokacin da aka tuka su a halin yanzu na DC na gaba da aka ba da shawarar (20mA don shudi, 20mA don gwajin rawaya). Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2) shine digiri 130 ga masu fitarwa duka biyu, yana nuna tsarin katako mai faɗi sosai. Matsakaicin tsayin tsayin fitarwa (λP) yana kusan 468 nm don shudi da 592 nm don rawaya. Tsayin tsayin da ya fi girma (λd), wanda ke ayyana launin da ake gani, yawanci 470 nm ne don shudi da 590 nm don rawaya. Ramin rabin layin bakan (Δλ) shine 25 nm don shudi da 17 nm don rawaya, yana bayyana tsaftar bakan. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) a 20mA yawanci 3.4V ne don guntu shudi (kewayon 3.4V zuwa 3.8V) da 2.0V don guntu rawaya (kewayon 2.0V zuwa 2.4V). Matsakaicin halin yanzu na baya (Ir) a 5V shine 10 μA ga duka biyu.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin haske, ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa kwandon asusu bisa ga ƙarfin hasken da aka auna.

3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Hasken

Duka guntun shudi da rawaya suna amfani da tsarin rarrabawa iri ɗaya wanda aka ayyana ta lambobin N, P, Q, da R. Kowane kwandon yana da ƙayyadadden ƙaramin ƙarfin haske da matsakaicin ƙimar da aka auna a cikin millicandelas (mcd) a daidaitaccen gwajin na 20mA. Kwandon N ya ƙunshi 28.0 zuwa 45.0 mcd, Kwandon P ya ƙunshi 45.0 zuwa 71.0 mcd, Kwandon Q ya ƙunshi 71.0 zuwa 112.0 mcd, kuma Kwandon R ya ƙunshi 112.0 zuwa 180.0 mcd. Ana amfani da juzu'i na +/-15% ga iyakokin kowane kwandon. Wannan tsarin yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar abubuwan da ke da matakan haske da ake iya hasashe don aikace-aikacensu.

4. Binciken Lankwalin Aiki

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman bayanan hoto a cikin takardar (misali, Hoto na 1 don aunin bakan, Hoto na 5 don kusurwar kallo), ana iya ƙididdige yanayin aiki na yau da kullun daga ma'auni. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) zai sami ƙimar zafin jiki mara kyau, ma'ana yana raguwa kaɗan yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya ƙaru. Ƙarfin haske kuma zai ragu tare da ƙara zafin haɗin gwiwa, halin da ya zama ruwan dare ga duk LED. Alakar tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba (If) da ƙarfin haske (Iv) gabaɗaya layi ne a cikin kewayon aiki da aka ba da shawarar. Halayen bakan (tsayin tsayin kololuwa, tsayin tsayin da ya fi girma) na iya samun ɗan motsi tare da canje-canjen halin yanzu da zafin jiki.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin

5.1 Girman Fakitin da Sanya Fil

Na'urar ta yi daidai da daidaitaccen tsarin fakitin SMD na masana'antu. An ba da cikakkun zane-zane masu girma tare da duk mahimman ma'auni a cikin milimita a cikin takardar tushe, tare da juzu'i na gabaɗaya na ±0.1 mm. Ruwan tabarau yana da tsabta. An ayyana aikin fil a sarari: Fil A1 shine anode don guntu InGaN Blue, kuma Fil A2 shine anode don guntu AlInGaP Yellow. Ana tsammanin cathodes suna gama gari, kodayake ainihin haɗin ciki ya kamata a tabbatar a cikin zanen fakitin. Gano daidaitaccen polarity yayin haɗawa yana da mahimmanci.

5.2 Tsarin Gindin PCB da aka Ba da Shawara da Jagorar Haɗin Gwiwa

Takardar bayanan ta haɗa da ƙirar da aka ba da shawarar don gindin haɗawa na allon da'ira (PCB). Yin bin wannan ƙirar yana da mahimmanci don cimma ingantattun haɗin gwiwa, daidaitaccen daidaitawa, da ingantaccen zubar da zafi yayin aikin sake kwarara. Hakanan yana nuna fifikon yanayin ɓangaren akan tef ɗin dangane da jagorar haɗin gwiwa don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali.

6. Jagororin Haɗin Gwiwa da Haɗawa

6.1 Yanayin Haɗin Gwiwa na Reflow

Don hanyoyin haɗawa marasa gubar (Pb-free), ana ba da shawarar takamaiman bayanin martaba na infrared (IR) reflow. An tsara wannan bayanin martaba don ya yi daidai da ƙa'idodin JEDEC. Mahimman ma'auni sun haɗa da matakin pre-heat a cikin kewayon 150–200°C, matsakaicin lokacin pre-heat na dakika 120, matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba, da lokacin da ya wuce wannan matsakaicin zafin jiki an iyakance shi zuwa matsakaicin dakika 10. Kayan bai kamata a yi masa fiye da zagaye biyu na sake kwarara a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba. An jaddada cewa mafi kyawun bayanin martaba ya dogara da takamaiman ƙirar PCB, manna gwaiduwa, da tanda da aka yi amfani da su, don haka ana ba da shawarar siffanta tsari.

6.2 Ajiya da Gudanarwa

LED ɗin suna da damuwa da danshi (MSL3). Lokacin da aka adana su a cikin ainihin jakar su mai hana danshi tare da busassun abu, ya kamata a kiyaye su a ≤30°C da ≤90% RH kuma a yi amfani da su cikin shekara guda. Da zarar an buɗe jakar, yanayin ajiya bai kamata ya wuce 30°C da 60% RH ba. Abubuwan da aka cire daga ainihin marufi ɗin su kamata a yi musu sake kwarara na IR cikin mako guda. Don ajiya fiye da mako guda a wajen ainihin jakar, dole ne a adana su a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da busassun abu ko a cikin yanayin nitrogen. Idan an buɗe ajiya fiye da mako guda, ana buƙatar gasa a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin haɗin gwiwa. Dole ne a yi taka tsantsan na ESD (Electrostatic Discharge), kamar amfani da abubuwan hannu da kayan aiki masu tushe, saboda na'urar na iya lalacewa ta hanyar wutar lantarki.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan haɗin gwiwa, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da takamaiman kaushi. Sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba na iya lalata kayan fakitin. Hanyar da aka ba da shawarar ita ce a nutsar da LED a cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl alcohol a zafin daki na ƙasa da minti ɗaya.

7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

Ana kawo abubuwan akan tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya tare da murfin kariya. Faɗin tef ɗin shine 8 mm. An nade tef ɗin akan daidaitattun reels mai diamita inci 7 (178 mm). Kowane cikakken reel yana ɗauke da guda 3000. Don adadin da bai kai cikakken reel ba, mafi ƙarancin adadin shiryawa na guda 500 ya shafi ragowar kuri'a. Marufin ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA-481.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan LED mai launuka biyu ya dace da aikace-aikacen da sararin allon yana da ƙima amma ana buƙatar yanayin gani da yawa. Misalai sun haɗa da: alamomin yanayi biyu (misali, wutar lantarki a kunne/tsaye, cibiyar sadarwa ta haɗa/aiki, yanayin caji), hasken baya don madannai tare da ayyuka masu launi, da ƙananan nuni na bayanai a cikin kayan lantarki na mabukaci, kayan aikin sadarwa, da mu'amalar mutum-mutumi na masana'antu (HMI).

8.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

Dole ne masu ƙira su yi la'akari da bambancin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) da ƙimar halin yanzu na guntayen biyu. Za a buƙaci masu hana halin yanzu daban-daban ga kowane anode (A1 da A2) don tabbatar da aiki daidai da hana lalacewar wuce gona da iri. Faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 130 ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da alamun ke buƙatar ganin daga faɗin wurare. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da sarrafa zafi, musamman idan ana aiki kusa da matsakaicin ƙimar halin yanzu ko a cikin ƙarin yanayin yanayi, saboda zafi zai rage fitowar haske da tsawon rai.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban abin da ya bambanta wannan ɓangaren shine haɗa guntayen LED guda biyu masu inganci, masu bambancin sinadarai (InGaN shudi da AlInGaP rawaya) a cikin ƙaramin fakitin SMD guda ɗaya. Wannan yana ba da mafi ƙarancin sarari kuma yana iya zama mafi ingantaccen mafita idan aka kwatanta da amfani da LED guda biyu masu launi ɗaya. Amfani da AlInGaP don rawaya yawanci yana ba da inganci mafi girma da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki idan aka kwatanta da wasu fasahohin fitar da rawaya kamar LED ɗin da aka canza phosphor.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi Bisa Ma'auni na Fasaha

Q: Shin zan iya tuka LED ɗin shudi da rawaya lokaci guda a matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC?

A: Ba a ba da shawarar tuka duka biyu a matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC (20mA shudi + 30mA rawaya = jimlar 50mA) ci gaba ba tare da bincike mai zurfi na zafi ba, saboda haɗakar wutar lantarki na iya wuce ikon fakitin na zubar da zafi, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa cikin sauri.

Q: Me ya sa ƙarfin lantarki na gaba ya bambanta ga launuka biyu?

A: Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wani muhimmin sifa ne na bandgap na kayan semiconductor. InGaN (shudi) yana da faɗin bandgap fiye da AlInGaP (rawaya), wanda ke haifar da buƙatar ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma.

Q: Menene ma'anar \"Tsayin Tsayin Fitarwa\" da \"Tsayin Tsayin da ya fi girma\"?

A: Tsayin tsayin kololuwa shine tsayin tsayin da ƙarfin bakan fitarwa ya fi girma. Tsayin tsayin da ya fi girma shine tsayin tsayin haske guda ɗaya wanda zai bayyana yana da launi ɗaya ga idon ɗan adam. Sau da yawa suna kusa amma ba iri ɗaya ba ne, musamman ga LED masu faɗin bakan.

11. Ƙirar Aiki da Shari'ar Amfani

Yi la'akari da na'urar ɗaukar hoto tare da yankewar alamar guda ɗaya. Ta amfani da wannan LED mai launuka biyu, ƙirar na iya nuna yanayi uku daban-daban: Kashe (duka guntayen kashe), Yanayi A (Shudi a kunne, misali, \"Bluetooth ya kunna\"), Yanayi B (Rawaya a kunne, misali, \"Cajin baturi\"), da yuwuwar Yanayi C (Duka biyu a kunne, suna haifar da launin kore, misali, \"Cikakken caji kuma an haɗa\"). Wannan yana haɓaka aikin kowane yanki na allon kuma yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar injiniya idan aka kwatanta da shigar da LED guda biyu daban.

12. Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Aiki

Fitar haske a cikin LED yana dogara ne akan electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n na guntu semiconductor, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yankin haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi. A cikin semiconductor mai kai tsaye kamar InGaN ko AlInGaP, ana sakin wannan makamashi da farko a matsayin photons (haske). Takamaiman tsayin tsayi (launi) na fitaccen haske an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor. Guntun InGaN yana fitarwa a cikin bakan shudi, yayin da guntun AlInGaP yake fitarwa a cikin bakan rawaya/amber.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Trend a cikin LED na nuni yana ci gaba zuwa mafi inganci (ƙarin fitowar haske a kowace wutar lantarki), ƙananan girman fakitin, da haɗin kai mafi girma. Fakitoci masu launuka biyu da yawa a cikin ƙananan ƙafafu suna zama ruwan dare don tallafawa ƙungiyoyin lantarki masu yawa. Hakanan akwai mayar da hankali kan inganta daidaiton launi da kwanciyar hankali akan zafin jiki da tsawon rai. Abubuwan da ke ƙasa, kamar InGaN, suna ci gaba da samun haɓaka aikin da ingantaccen tsada, suna faɗaɗa amfaninsu fiye da shudi/kore zuwa cikin faɗin kewayon bakan.