Bayanin Fasaha na LED SMD Mai Launuka Biyu LTST-C155TBJSKT-5A - Kunshin 3.2x1.6x1.9mm - Shudi/Rawa - Ƙarfin Lantarki 3.6V/2.4V - Ƙarfin Wuta 76mW/75mW

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun bayanai na fasaha na kayan LED mai launuka biyu, wanda ake hawa a saman allon. Na'urar tana haɗa guntayen semiconductor guda biyu a cikin kunshi ɗaya: guntu na InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) don fitar da haske shudi da guntu na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) don fitar da haske rawa. Wannan tsari yana ba da damar samar da launuka biyu daga wuri ɗaya mai ƙarami, wanda ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar nuna matsayi, hasken baya, ko hasken ado a cikin ƙirar da ke da ƙarancin sarari. An ƙera kayan don ya dace da tsarin haɗawa ta atomatik da tsarin haɗa guntayen da aka saba yi, yana bin ka'idodin kunshi na masana'antu.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar

Matsakaicin ƙimar yana bayyana iyakar da za a iya lalata na'urar gaba ɗaya. Ga guntu shudi, matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC yana kaiwa 20 mA, tare da matsakaicin halin yanzu na 100 mA a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin, 0.1ms faɗin bugun). Matsakaicin ƙarfin wuta shine 76 mW. Guntu rawa yana da ƙimar halin yanzu mai ɗan girma na 30 mA amma ƙimar halin yanzu mafi ƙanƙanta na 80 mA kuma ƙarfin wuta shine 75 mW. Dukansu guntayen suna raba matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na 5V, ko da yake ba a ba da shawarar aiki a wannan ƙarfin lantarki ba. Ana ƙayyade kewayon zafin jiki daga -20°C zuwa +80°C, tare da kewayon ajiya mai faɗi na -30°C zuwa +100°C. Na'urar na iya jure haɗa guntayen ta hanyar igiyar ruwa ko infrared a 260°C na dakika 5, ko haɗa guntayen ta hanyar tururi a 215°C na mintuna 3.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Ana auna mahimman sigogi a daidaitaccen gwajin halin yanzu na 5 mA da zafin yanayi na 25°C. Ƙarfin haske na duka guntu shudi da rawa yana da mafi ƙarancin ƙimar 4.50 millicandelas (mcd) kuma yana iya kaiwa har zuwa matsakaicin 45.0 mcd, tare da ƙimar da ta dace da takamaiman lambar kwandon. Kallon kusurwa (2θ1/2) yana da faɗin digiri 130 ga duka launuka, yana nuna tsarin fitar da haske mai yaduwa. Matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa na guntu shudi shine 470 nm (ya kai kololuwa a 468 nm) tare da rabin faɗin bakan 25 nm, sifa na fasahar InGaN. Matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa na guntu rawa shine 589 nm (ya kai kololuwa a 591 nm) tare da ƙunƙuntaccen rabin faɗi na 15 nm, na al'adar AlInGaP. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) yawanci shine 3.10V don shudi (matsakaicin 3.60V) da 2.00V don rawa (matsakaicin 2.40V). Halin yanzu na baya yana iyakance ga matsakaicin 10 µA a 5V na baya.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Kwandon

Samfurin yana amfani da tsarin kwandon don rarraba raka'a bisa ƙarfin haskensu a daidaitaccen gwajin halin yanzu na 5 mA. Duka guntu shudi da rawa suna raba tsarin lambar kwandon iri ɗaya. Ana yiwa kwandon lakabi J, K, L, M, da N. Kwandon J ya ƙunshi kewayon ƙarfin haske daga 4.50 mcd zuwa 7.10 mcd. Kwandon K yana daga 7.10 mcd zuwa 11.20 mcd. Kwandon L ya ƙunshi 11.20 mcd zuwa 18.00 mcd. Kwandon M ya kai daga 18.00 mcd zuwa 28.00 mcd. Kwandon mafi girma, N, ya haɗa da na'urori daga 28.00 mcd har zuwa matsakaicin 45.00 mcd. Ana amfani da juzu'i na +/-15% ga iyakokin kowane kwandon ƙarfin haske. Wannan tsarin yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar kayan tare da matakan haske masu daidaito don aikace-aikacensu, yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani a cikin jerin LED masu yawa.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman bayanan hoto a cikin takardar tushe (misali, Hoto na 1 don fitarwa mafi girma, Hoto na 6 don kusurwar kallo), lanƙwasa aiki na yau da kullun na irin waɗannan na'urori zai nuna alaƙa mai mahimmanci da yawa. Lanƙwasa halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki (I-V) zai nuna alaƙar da ke nuna sifa na diode, tare da ƙarfin lantarki na kunna ya fi girma ga guntu shudi na InGaN (~3.1V) idan aka kwatanta da guntu rawa na AlInGaP (~2.0V). Lanƙwasa ƙarfin haske da halin yanzu na gaba (I-L) zai nuna kusan haɓakar fitar da haske tare da halin yanzu a cikin kewayon aiki na yau da kullun, a ƙarshe ya cika a manyan halin yanzu saboda zafi da raguwar inganci. Lanƙwasa ƙarfin haske da zafin jiki yawanci yana nuna raguwar fitarwa yayin da zafin haɗin ya tashi, tare da abubuwan da aka bayar (0.25 mA/°C don shudi, 0.4 mA/°C don rawa) suna ba da damar lissafin matsakaicin halin yanzu a manyan yanayin zafi. Taswirar rarraba bakan zai nuna ƙunƙuntaccen rukunin fitarwa a kusa da tsayin raƙuman ruwa mafi girma.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Girman Kunshi da Polarity

Na'urar ta yi daidai da tsarin kunshi na saman da aka saba yi a masana'antu. Mahimman girma sun haɗa da tsawon jiki, faɗi, da tsayi. An bayyana aikin fil a sarari: don lambar sashi LTST-C155TBJSKT-5A, fil 1 da 3 an sanya su ga guntu shudi na InGaN, yayin da fil 2 da 4 an sanya su ga guntu rawa na AlInGaP. Wannan tsarin fil 4 yana ba da damar sarrafa launuka biyu ta hanyar lantarki daban. Ruwan tabarau yana da tsabta, wanda ya fi dacewa don kiyaye tsarkin launukan da aka fitar ba tare da shigar da launi ba.

5.2 Tsarin Fil ɗin Haɗa Guntayen da Aka Ba da Shawara

An ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa (ƙirar fil ɗin haɗa guntayen) don tsarin PCB don tabbatar da samar da haɗin guntayen da ake iya dogaro da shi yayin sake kwarara. Bin waɗannan girma da aka ba da shawarar yana taimakawa hana matsaloli kamar kabari (kayan aiki a tsaye) ko ƙarancin fil ɗin haɗa guntayen, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga ƙarfin injiniya da haɗin lantarki a cikin haɗawa ta atomatik.

6. Jagororin Haɗa Guntayen da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanan Sake Kwarara

An yi cikakken bayani game da bayanan sake kwarara na infrared (IR) guda biyu: ɗaya don tsarin haɗa guntayen tagulla-da-gubar (SnPb) na yau da kullun da ɗaya don tsarin haɗa guntayen maras gubar (Pb-free), yawanci ta amfani da gami na SAC (Sn-Ag-Cu). Bayanin maras gubar yana buƙatar mafi girman zafin jiki, kamar yadda aka nuna. Dukansu bayanan sun haɗa da mahimman sigogi: zafin jiki na riga-kafi da tsawon lokaci, lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (TAL), matsakaicin zafin jiki, da lokaci a cikin yanki mai mahimmanci na zafin jiki. Bin waɗannan bayanan yana da mahimmanci don hana girgizar zafi ga kunshin LED, wanda zai iya haifar da rabuwa na ciki ko lalacewar guntu, yayin da yake tabbatar da sake kwararar haɗa guntayen da ya dace.

6.2 Ajiya da Gudanarwa

LEDs suna da hankali ga ɗaukar danshi. Idan an cire su daga ainihin kunshinsu na hana danshi, ya kamata a yi musu haɗa guntayen sake kwarara a cikin mako guda. Don ajiya mai tsawo a waje da ainihin jakar, dole ne a adana su a cikin yanayi mai bushewa, kamar akwati mai rufi tare da busassun abu ko na'urar bushewa ta nitrogen. Idan an adana ba tare da kunshi ba fiye da mako guda, ana ba da shawarar tsarin gasa (misali, 60°C na awanni 24) kafin haɗa guntayen don fitar da danshin da aka ɗauka da hana "fasar wake" yayin sake kwarara.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan haɗa guntayen, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da takamaiman kaushi. Nitsar LED a cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl a zafin daki na ƙasa da minti ɗaya yana yarda. Kaushi mai tsauri ko maras bayyana na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy ko kayan kunshi, yana haifar da canza launi, fashewa, ko rage fitar da haske.

7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

Ana ba da kayan a cikin kunshi a cikin tef ɗin ɗaukar kaya mai faɗin 8mm akan reels masu diamita 7-inch (178mm). Kowane reel yana ɗauke da guda 3000. Aljihun tef ɗin an rufe shi da tef ɗin saman kariya. Don ingantaccen samarwa, kunshin yana bin ka'idodin masana'antu (ANSI/EIA 481-1-A), yana tabbatar da dacewa da na'urorin ciyar da tef ɗin atomatik na yau da kullun. An ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin adadin kunshi na guda 500 don umarni na ragowar. Sarrafa inganci yana ba da damar mafi girman guda biyu na kayan da ba a samu ba a cikin tef ɗin.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun

LEDs na'urori ne masu motsa halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske, musamman lokacin da ake amfani da LED masu yawa a layi daya, ana ba da shawarar sosai don amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere ga kowane LED ko kowane tashar launi a cikin LED mai launuka biyu. Da'irar da aka bayar (Da'irar A) tana nuna wannan tsari: resistor a jere tare da LED. Haɗa LED kai tsaye a layi daya ba tare da resistors ɗaya ɗaya ba (Da'irar B) ba a ba da shawarar ba, saboda ɗan bambanci a cikin halayen ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) tsakanin LED ɗaya ɗaya zai haifar da rashin daidaito mai yawa na halin yanzu, yana haifar da rashin daidaiton haske da yuwuwar wuce gona da iri a wasu na'urori.

8.2 Kariya daga Zubar da Lantarki Mai Tsanani (ESD)

Guntayen semiconductor a cikin LED suna da saukin lalacewa daga zubar da lantarki mai tsanani. Dole ne a aiwatar da matakan sarrafa ESD da suka dace yayin gudanarwa da haɗawa. Wannan ya haɗa da amfani da igiyoyin wuyan hannu masu ƙasa, tabarma masu hana lantarki, da tabbatar da cewa duk kayan aiki suna da ƙasa da ya dace. Ya kamata a sarrafa na'urar a yankin da aka kare ESD.

8.3 Iyakar Aikace-aikace da Iyakoki

An ƙera wannan LED don amfani a cikin na'urorin lantarki na yau da kullun kamar na'urorin masu amfani, kayan aikin ofis, da na'urorin sadarwa. Ba a ƙera shi musamman ko cancanta don aikace-aikacen da babban abin dogaro ke da mahimmanci ga aminci, kamar jirgin sama, sarrafa sufuri, tsarin tallafin rayuwa na likita, ko na'urorin aminci. Don irin waɗannan aikace-aikacen, dole ne a zaɓi kayan tare da cancantar abin dogaro da suka dace.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban siffa na wannan kayan shine haɗa guntayen launi biyu daban-daban (shudi da rawa) a cikin kunshin SMD na yau da kullun. Idan aka kwatanta da amfani da LED guda biyu masu launi ɗaya, wannan yana adana sararin PCB, yana rage adadin kayan, kuma yana sauƙaƙa haɗawa da zaɓi da wuri. Amfani da InGaN don shudi da AlInGaP don rawa yana wakiltar daidaitattun fasahohin semiconductor masu inganci don waɗannan launuka, suna ba da haske mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali. Faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 130 yana ba da tsarin haske mai yaduwa wanda ya dace da nuni na panel inda ake buƙatar kallo daga kusurwoyi masu karkata.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

Q: Shin zan iya motsa duka guntu shudi da rawa a lokaci guda a matsakaicin halin yanzu?

A: A'a. Dole ne a yi la'akari da ƙimar ƙarfin wuta (76 mW don shudi, 75 mW don rawa) da raguwar zafi. Motsa duka guntayen a matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC (20mA don shudi, 30mA don rawa) a lokaci guda zai haifar da zafi mai yawa. Ainihin halin yanzu da aka halatta ya dogara da ikon PCB na fitar da zafi (sarrafa zafi) da zafin yanayi. Lissafi ta amfani da abubuwan da aka rage suna da mahimmanci.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsayin raƙuman ruwa mafi girma da tsayin raƙuman ruwa mafi rinjaye?

A: Tsayin raƙuman ruwa mafi girma (λP) shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa inda rarraba ƙarfin bakan ya fi girma. Tsayin raƙuman ruwa mafi rinjaye (λd) an samo shi daga zanen launi na CIE kuma yana wakiltar tsayin raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya na haske mai tsafta wanda zai dace da launin da ake ganin LED. Shi ne sigar da ta fi dacewa da fahimtar launin ɗan adam.

Q: Me ya sa ake buƙatar resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ko da tushen wutana yana da ƙa'ida?

A: Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED yana da juzu'i kuma yana bambanta da zafin jiki. Tushen ƙarfin lantarki da aka haɗa kai tsaye zai yi ƙoƙarin isar da duk wani halin yanzu da ake buƙata don cimma wannan ƙarfin lantarki a kan diode, wanda zai iya zama mai yawa kuma ya lalata LED. Resistor na jere yana ba da alaƙa mai layi, mai hasashe tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki da halin yanzu na LED, yana daidaita aikin.

11: Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira Mai Amfani

Yi la'akari da ƙira don nuna matsayi biyu akan na'urar hanyar sadarwa. LED guda LTST-C155TBJSKT-5A na iya nuna shudi don "kunna wuta/aiki na hanyar sadarwa" da rawa don "aikin bayanai." Fil ɗin GPIO na microcontroller zai sarrafa da'irori masu tuƙi daban-daban guda biyu. Don tashar shudi, tare da wadata 5V (Vcc) da manufar halin yanzu na 10 mA (daidai da 20mA mafi girma don gefe), ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor na jere kamar R = (Vcc - Vf_shudi) / I = (5V - 3.1V) / 0.01A = 190 Ohms. Za a zaɓi resistor na yau da kullun 200 Ohm. Irin wannan lissafi don tashar rawa a 15 mA: R = (5V - 2.0V) / 0.015A = 200 Ohms. Wannan ƙirar tana amfani da ƙaramin sarari na allon, tana ba da nuni mai haske, mai haske, kuma ana haɗa shi cikin sauƙi.

12. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki

Diodes Masu Fitowa da Hasken (LEDs) na'urori ne na semiconductor p-n junction waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar tsarin da ake kira electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin aiki. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi. A cikin diode na yau da kullun, ana sakin wannan makamashi azaman zafi. A cikin LED, kayan semiconductor (kamar InGaN ko AlInGaP) suna da bandgap kai tsaye, ma'ana ana sakin wannan makamashi da farko azaman photons (haske). Tsayin raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor, kamar yadda aka bayyana ta hanyar lissafin E = hc/λ, inda E shine ƙarfin bandgap, h shine akai na Planck, c shine saurin haske, kuma λ shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Fagen optoelectronics yana ci gaba da ci gaba tare da trends da ke mai da hankali kan yankuna masu mahimmanci da yawa. Ana ci gaba da ingantattun inganci, tare da bincike kan sabbin tsarin kayan (kamar rijiyoyin quantum da nanowires) da substrates don rage asarar ciki da ƙara fitar da haske. Ƙananan ƙira ya kasance mai tuƙi, yana tura kunshi zuwa ƙananan ƙafafu da ƙananan bayanai yayin da yake kiyayewa ko inganta aikin gani. Hakanan akwai babban yanayi zuwa ga mafi girman abin dogaro da tsawon rayuwar aiki, musamman don aikace-aikacen hasken mota da hasken gabaɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, haɗa ayyuka da yawa, kamar haɗa LED tare da na'urori masu auna firikwensin ko IC masu tuƙi a cikin kunshi ɗaya (tsarin-a-cikin-kunshi ko SiP), yanki ne na ci gaba mai aiki don ba da ƙarin ƙima da sauƙaƙa ƙirar ƙarshen tsarin.