Bayanin Fasaha na LED na Dual Color SMD LTST-C395KGKSKT - Kunshin 3.2x2.8x1.9mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 1.8-2.4V - Ƙarfin 75mW - Kore/Rawa - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun ƙayyadaddun fasaha na LED na dual-color, na'urar da ake haɗawa a saman (SMD). Kayan haɗin ya haɗa guntuwar haske guda biyu masu zaman kansu a cikin kunshi ɗaya mai ƙarami, yana ba da hasken kore da rawa daga wuri guda. An tsara shi don tsarin haɗa allon da'ira (PCB) ta atomatik, yana da kyau sosai ga aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari a cikin na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, sadarwa, da kayan aikin masana'antu.

1.1 Siffofi na Asali da Kasuwar da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da bin ka'idojin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa masu Illa), wanda ya sa ya dace da kasuwannin duniya masu ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin muhalli. Yana amfani da fasahar semiconductor na Ultra Bright AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) don duka launuka, wanda yawanci ke ba da ingantacciyar inganci da ingantaccen kwanciyar hali idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi. Ana ba da na'urar a cikin tef ɗin 8mm na ƙa'ida na masana'antu akan reels masu diamita 7-inch, suna bin ƙa'idodin EIA, suna sauƙaƙe sarrafa atomatik mai sauri. Ya dace gaba ɗaya da hanyoyin haɗa ta infrared (IR) reflow, wanda shine ma'auni don layukan haɗa na zamani na saman-mount (SMT).

Aikace-aikacen da ake nufi sun bambanta, suna mai da hankali kan wuraren da ke buƙatar ƙananan alamomi masu dogaro da hasken baya. Manyan kasuwanni sun haɗa da na'urorin sadarwa (misali, wayoyin salula, kayan aikin hanyar sadarwa), samfuran sarrafa ofis (misali, littattafan rubutu, na'urori), kayan aikin gida, da tsarin sarrafa masana'antu daban-daban. Amfanin takamaiman sun haɗa da hasken baya na maɓalli/maɓalli, alamomin yanayi da wutar lantarki, ƙananan nunin allo, da hasken alama a cikin allunan sarrafawa.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Bayani na Haƙiƙa

Aikin LED an ayyana shi ta hanyar saitin ƙididdiga mafi girma na cikakkiya da halaye na aiki na yau da kullun, duk an ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C. Wucewa da ƙididdiga mafi girma na cikakkiya na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin.

2.1 Ƙididdiga Mafi Girma na Cikakkiya da Halayen Zafi

Na'urar tana da matsakaicin ɓarnar wutar lantarki na milliwatts 75 (mW) ga kowane tashar launi. Madaidaicin halin yanzu na DC na gaba bai kamata ya wuce 30 mA kowace guntu ba. Don aikin bugun jini, ana iya yarda da madaidaicin halin yanzu na gaba na 80 mA a ƙarƙashin takamaiman sharuɗɗa: cikakkiyar aiki 1/10 da faɗin bugun jini na millis 0.1. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da za a iya amfani da shi shine Volts 5. An ƙayyade yanayin aiki daga -30°C zuwa +85°C, yayin da kewayon zafin ajiya ya fi faɗi kaɗan, daga -40°C zuwa +85°C. Ma'auni mai mahimmanci don haɗawa shine yanayin haɗa na infrared, wanda aka ƙididdige shi don matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na tsawon dakika 10, wanda shine na yau da kullun don hanyoyin haɗa marasa gubar (Pb-free).

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na'ura mai gani

A ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun na halin yanzu na gaba 20mA (IF=20mA), ƙarfin haske (Iv) na guntuwar kore ya bambanta daga mafi ƙanƙanta na millicandelas 28.0 (mcd) zuwa matsakaicin 112.0 mcd. Guntuwar rawa tana nuna fitarwa mafi girma, daga 45.0 mcd zuwa 180.0 mcd. Matsakaicin kusurwar kallo, wanda aka ayyana shi azaman 2θ1/2 (cikakkiyar kusurwar da ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar axial), shine digiri 130, yana nuna tsarin kallo mai faɗi.

Matsakaicin tsayin tsayin fitarwa (λP) yawanci shine 574.0 nm don kore da 591.0 nm don rawa. Babban tsayin tsayi (λd), ma'auni mai mahimmanci don ƙayyadaddun launi, an ayyana shi a cikin kwandon shara. Don kore, yana kewayo daga 567.5 nm zuwa 576.5 nm, kuma don rawa, daga 587.0 nm zuwa 594.5 nm. Ramin rabin layin bakan (Δλ) yawanci shine 15 nm ga duka launuka, yana bayyana tsaftar bakan.

Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) a 20mA yana kewayo daga 1.8V (mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 2.4V (matsakaici) ga duka guntuwar. An tabbatar da halin yanzu na baya (IR) ya kasance ƙasa da ko daidai da microamperes 10 (μA) lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarancin lantarki na baya na 5V.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa kwandon shara bisa ƙarfin haske da babban tsayin tsayi.

3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv)

Ga LED kore, kwandon shara na ƙarfi ana lakafta su N, P, da Q, tare da kewayon 28.0-45.0 mcd, 45.0-71.0 mcd, da 71.0-112.0 mcd, bi da bi. Ga LED rawa, kwandon shara sune P, Q, da R, tare da kewayon 45.0-71.0 mcd, 71.0-112.0 mcd, da 112.0-180.0 mcd, bi da bi. Ana amfani da jurewar +/-15% ga kowane kwandon shara.

3.2 Rarrabuwar Launi (Babban Tsayin Tsayi)

LED kore ana rarraba su don babban tsayin tsayi zuwa lambobin C (567.5-570.5 nm), D (570.5-573.5 nm), da E (573.5-576.5 nm). LED rawa ana rarraba su zuwa lambobin J (587.0-589.5 nm), K (589.5-592.0 nm), da L (592.0-594.5 nm). Jurewar kowane kwandon shara na tsayin tsayi shine +/- 1 nm. Wannan daidaitaccen rarrabuwa yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED ɗin da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun daidaitawar launi don aikace-aikacensu.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

4.1 Girman Kunshi da Sanya Pin

LED yana da ruwa mai tsabta. An ba da girman kunshi a cikin zane mai cikakken bayani. Duk mahimman girmansu an ƙayyade su a cikin milimita, tare da jurewar ma'auni na ±0.1 mm sai dai idan an lura daban. Sanya pin yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira daidai: Pin 1 da 3 an sanya su ga guntuwar AlInGaP kore, yayin da pin 2 da 4 aka sanya su ga guntuwar AlInGaP rawa. Wannan tsari yana ba da damar sarrafa launuka biyu daban-daban.

4.2 Shawarar Tsarin Faɗin Haɗin PCB

An ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa (sawu) don allon da'ira don tabbatar da haɗa daidai, kwanciyar hali na injiniya, da aikin zafi. Yin bin wannan ƙira yana da mahimmanci don cimma haɗin gwiwa masu dogaro yayin aikin reflow da kuma dogon lokacin dogaro na haɗawa.

5. Jagororin Haɗawa da Haɗawa

5.1 Ma'auni na Haɗa Reflow

Kayan haɗin sun cancanci hanyoyin haɗa reflow na infrared marasa gubar (Pb-free). An ba da shawarar bayanin martaba na reflow, wanda yawanci ya haɗa da matakin pre-heat, hawan zafin jiki, yankin matsakaicin zafin jiki, da lokacin sanyaya. Ma'auni mai mahimmanci shine matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C, wanda bai kamata a wuce fiye da dakika 10 ba. An jaddada cewa mafi kyawun bayanin martaba ya dogara da takamaiman ƙirar PCB, manna haɗa, da halayen tanda, kuma ana ba da shawarar siffanta matakin allon.

5.2 Haɗa da Hannu da Gyara

Idan haɗa da hannu tare da ƙarfe ya zama dole, matsakaicin zafin ƙugiya da aka ba da shawarar shine 300°C, kuma lokacin haɗa kowane jagora bai kamata ya wuce dakika 3 ba. Wannan ya kamata a yi shi sau ɗaya kawai don guje wa lalacewar zafi ga kunshin filastik da guntuwar semiconductor.

5.3 Ajiya da Kula da Kulawa

LED ɗin suna da hankali ga zubar da lantarki na electrostatic (ESD). Ana ba da shawarar sarrafawa tare da abin wuya na ƙasa ko safofin hannu masu hana lantarki, kuma duk kayan aiki dole ne a kafa su da kyau. Don ajiya, buhunan da ba a buɗe ba masu hana danshi (tare da busassun abu) yakamata a ajiye su a 30°C ko ƙasa da kuma 90% danshin dangi (RH) ko ƙasa, tare da tsawon rayuwar shiryayye na shekara guda. Da zarar an buɗe ainihin marufi, yakamata a adana abubuwan haɗin a cikin yanayi wanda bai wuce 30°C da 60% RH ba. Ana ba da shawarar kammala aikin reflow na IR a cikin mako guda bayan buɗewa (Matsakaicin Hankali na Danshi 3, MSL 3). Don ajiya mai tsawo a waje da ainihin jakar, ana buƙatar gasa a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin haɗawa don cire danshin da aka sha da kuma hana "popcorning" yayin reflow.

5.4 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan haɗawa, kawai yakamata a yi amfani da takamaiman kaushi. Nitsar LED a cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl a zafin daki na ƙasa da minti ɗaya yana da kyau. Amfani da sinadarai marasa ƙayyadaddun ko masu ƙarfi na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy da kunshi.

6. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tef da Reel

Kunshi na yau da kullun shine tef ɗin mai ɗaukar 8mm da aka yi wa igiya akan reels masu diamita 7-inch (178mm). Kowace reel tana ƙunshe da guda 4000. Aljihun tef ɗin an rufe su da tef ɗin saman. Ana bin ƙa'idodin masana'antu (ANSI/EIA 481) don marufi. Don adadin ƙasa da cikakken reel, an ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin adadin shiryayye na guda 500 don sauran. Ƙayyadaddun marufi kuma ya lura cewa za a iya samun aljihu guda biyu na abubuwan haɗin a jere.

7. Shawarorin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan LED dual-color ana amfani da shi da kyau a cikin na'urorin da ke buƙatar nuna yanayi daban-daban daga wuri guda. Misalai sun haɗa da: maɓalli guda ɗaya wanda ke haskakawa kore don "kunna/aiki" da rawa don "jiran aiki/caji"; alamar panel wacce ke nuna kore don aiki na yau da kullun da rawa don yanayin gargadi; ko hasken baya wanda zai iya canzawa tsakanin launuka biyu don yanayi daban-daban a cikin na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani. Ƙananan girman sa ya sa ya dace da na'urorin ɗaukar hoto na zamani, ƙananan ƙira.

7.2 Ƙira da Abubuwan Da'ira

Dole ne masu ƙira su haɗa daidaitattun masu iyakance halin yanzu a jere tare da kowane guntuwar LED (Kore: Pin 1/3, Rawa: Pin 2/4) don tabbatar da halin yanzu na gaba bai wuce matsakaicin ƙimar DC na 30mA ba. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vsupply - Vf_LED) / If, inda Vf_LED shine ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED (yi amfani da matsakaicin ƙima don ƙira mai tsauri). Don aikace-aikacen da suka haɗa da haɗaɗɗiya ko PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) don dushewa, tabbatar da halin yanzu na nan take yayin bugun jini na "kunna" bai wuce matsakaicin ƙimar halin yanzu na gaba ba. Yakamata a yi la'akari da faɗin kusurwar kallo (130°) don ƙirar injiniya na jagororin haske ko masu watsawa idan ana buƙatar takamaiman tsarin haske.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban abin da ya bambanta wannan ɓangaren shine haɗa guntuwar AlInGaP guda biyu masu inganci a cikin kunshi ɗaya. Idan aka kwatanta da amfani da LED guda biyu masu launi ɗaya, wannan yana adana sarari mai mahimmanci na PCB, yana rage adadin abubuwan haɗin, kuma yana sauƙaƙe haɗawa. Fasahar AlInGaP da kanta gabaɗaya tana ba da fa'idodi a cikin ingancin haske da kwanciyar hali na zafi fiye da tsofaffin fasahohin GaP ko GaAsP, musamman a cikin bakan amber/rawa/kore. Haɗin ruwan tabarau mai tsabta da faɗin kusurwar kallo yana ba da kyakkyawar ganuwa daga gefe, wanda yana da amfani ga alamomin yanayi.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙi duka guntuwar kore da rawa lokaci guda a 20mA kowanne?

A: Ee, amma dole ne ku yi la'akari da jimillar ɓarnar wutar lantarki. A 20mA da Vf na yau da kullun, wutar lantarki kowace guntu tana kusan 40-48mW. Gudanar da duka biyu lokaci guda zai zama 80-96mW, wanda ya wuce matsakaicin ƙimar ɓarnar wutar lantarki na cikakke na 75mW kowace guntu. Don ci gaba da aiki lokaci guda, dole ne ku rage halin yanzu don kiyaye jimillar wutar lantarki na na'urar a cikin iyakoki masu aminci, la'akari da yanayin zafi.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsayin tsayi mafi girma da babban tsayin tsayi?

A: Matsakaicin tsayin tsayi (λP) shine tsayin tsayi guda ɗaya wanda bakan fitarwa yake da mafi girman ƙarfinsa. Babban tsayin tsayi (λd) ƙima ce da aka samo daga zanen launi na CIE; yana wakiltar tsayin tsayi guda ɗaya na haske mai tsafta wanda zai bayyana yana da launi ɗaya da LED ga idon ɗan adam. λd sau da yawa yana da mahimmanci don ƙayyadaddun launi a aikace-aikace.

Q: Takardar bayanin ta ambaci "I.C. Compatible." Me wannan ke nufi?

A: Wannan yana nuna cewa ana iya tuƙi LED kai tsaye ta hanyar fitar da fitilun yawancin da'irori na yau da kullun (IC), kamar microcontrollers ko ƙofofin dabaru, ba tare da buƙatar ƙarin buffer ko transistors masu tuƙi ba, saboda buƙatun ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da halin yanzu suna cikin yawan iyawar fitarwa na irin waɗannan IC.

10. Nazarin Aikace-aikace na Aiki

Yi la'akari da na'urar likita mai ɗaukar hoto tare da maɓalli ɗaya mai aiki da yawa. Bukatar ƙira ita ce samar da cikakkiyar amsa game da yanayi, mara shakka: kore mai ƙarfi lokacin da na'urar ta kunna kuma tana aiki da kyau, rawa mai walƙiya lokacin da baturin ya yi ƙasa, da kashewa lokacin da aka kashe wutar lantarki. Ta amfani da LTST-C395KGKSKT, mai ƙira zai iya sanya kayan haɗin guda ɗaya a ƙarƙashin maɓalli. Microcontroller na iya sarrafa anodes kore da rawa daban-daban ta hanyar fil ɗin GPIO guda biyu, tare da madaidaicin resistors na jere. Wannan mafita tana amfani da ƙaramin sarari na allon, tana ba da launuka biyu daban-daban daga wuri ɗaya, kuma tana sauƙaƙe ƙirar gani idan aka kwatanta da ƙoƙarin daidaita LED guda biyu daban-daban a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin maɓalli.

11. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki

Diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs) na'urorin semiconductor ne waɗanda ke fitar da haske lokacin da wutar lantarki ta wuce ta cikinsu. Wannan al'amari ana kiransa electroluminescence. A cikin LED AlInGaP, kayan semiconductor sun ƙunshi Aluminum, Indium, Gallium, da Phosphorus. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan mahaɗin p-n, electrons daga yankin n-type suna haɗuwa da ramuka daga yankin p-type a cikin Layer mai aiki, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsayin tsayi (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar makamashin bandgap na kayan semiconductor, wanda ake sarrafa shi ta hanyar daidaitaccen abun da ke cikin gami na AlInGaP. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta yana rufe guntuwar, yana ba da kariyar muhalli, kwanciyar hali na injiniya, da kuma taimakawa wajen siffanta fitar da haske.

12. Trends na Masana'antu da Ci gaba

Trend a cikin fasahar LED SMD yana ci gaba zuwa mafi inganci (ƙarin lumens kowace watt), ƙananan girman kunshi don ƙara yawa, da ingantaccen daidaiton launi da fassara. Har ila yau, ana ƙara mai da hankali kan dogaro a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mafi girma, wanda aikace-aikace kamar hasken mota da na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarfi suka motsa. Haɗa guntuwar da yawa (launi da yawa ko RGB) cikin kunshi ɗaya, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wannan ɓangaren, dabara ce ta gama gari don adana sarari da farashi a cikin hadaddun tsarin nuni da hasken baya. Bugu da ƙari, dacewa da haɗa atomatik da ƙaƙƙarfan bayanan martaba na haɗawa ya kasance buƙata ta asali don samar da yawa a cikin dukkan sassan lantarki.