Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi
- 2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Manufa
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Ƙimar Cikakke
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani
- . Binning System Explanation
- .1 Luminous Intensity (IV) Binning
- .2 Hue (Dominant Wavelength) Binning for Green
- . Performance Curve Analysis
- .1 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (I-V Curve)
- .2 Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current
- .3 Luminous Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature
- .4 Spectral Distribution
- . Mechanical and Package Information
- .1 Package Dimensions and Polarity Identification
- .2 Recommended PCB Pad Design and Soldering Orientation
- . Soldering and Assembly Guidelines
- .1 Reflow Soldering Parameters for Pb-Free Process
- .2 Hand Soldering
- .3 Cleaning
- .4 Storage and Handling
- . Packaging and Ordering Information
- .1 Tape and Reel Specifications
- . Application Suggestions and Design Considerations
- .1 Typical Application Circuits
- .2 Design Considerations
- . Technical Comparison and Differentiation
- . Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Parameters)
- . Practical Use Case Example
- . Operating Principle Introduction
- . Technology Trends
- Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
- Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
- Ma'auni na Lantarki
- Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
- Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
- Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
- Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
1. Bayanin Samfur
Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun ƙayyadaddun bayanan fasaha na fitilar LED mai launuka biyu, na'urar da ake hawa a saman (SMD). An ƙera kayan a cikin ƙaramin kunshi wanda ya dace da tsarin haɗa allon da'ira (PCB) ta atomatik, wanda ya sa ya zama mai kyau ga aikace-aikacen da sarari ya yi ƙarami. Babban aikinsa shi ne zama mai nuni na gani ko tushen haske na baya.
1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi
LED yana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci ga masana'antar kayan lantarki na zamani. Ya bi ka'idojin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari). Kunshin yana da ƙira mai kallon gefe tare da laka a kan tashoshi, yana haɓaka iya gyarawa da aminci. Yana amfani da fasahar semiconductor mai haske sosai ta AlInGaP don fitar da haske mai inganci. Ana ba da kayan a cikin tef ɗin da'ira mai girman inci 8 akan reels masu diamita inci 7, yana sauƙaƙa haɗaɗɗun ɗauka da sanyawa mai sauri. Ya dace gaba ɗaya da hanyoyin gyarawa na infrared (IR) reflow, yana daidaitawa da layukan haɗawa marasa gubar (Pb-free). An ƙera na'urar kuma don ta dace kai tsaye da matakan dabaru na da'ira haɗaɗɗu (IC).
Aikace-aikacen da ake nufi suna da faɗi, suna ɗauke da kayan aikin sadarwa, na'urori masu sarrafa kansa na ofis, na'urorin gida, da tsarin sarrafa masana'antu. Amfanin takamaiman ya haɗa da hasken baya na maɓallan maɓalli da madannai, nuna matsayi, haɗawa cikin ƙananan nuni, da hasken sigina ko alama gabaɗaya.
2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Manufa
Wannan sashe yana cikakken bayyana iyakoki na cikakke da halayen aiki na na'urar. Duk ma'auni an ayyana su a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka.
2.1 Matsakaicin Ƙimar Cikakke
Waɗannan ƙimomi suna wakiltar iyakokin damuwa waɗanda ba za a wuce su a kowane yanayi ba, saboda yin hakan na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a nuna aiki a waje da waɗannan iyakokin ba.
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):75 mW matsakaici ga duka guntuwar kore da jajayen. Wannan shine jimillar wutar lantarki (ƙarfin gaba * igiyar gaba) wanda za a iya watsar da shi cikin aminci a matsayin zafi.
- Matsakaicin Igya ta Gaba (IFP):80 mA matsakaici, wanda aka yarda da shi kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun 0.1ms). Wannan yana ba da damar walƙiya mai ƙarfi, ta ɗan gajeren lokaci.
- Igya ta Gaba ta DC (IF):30 mA matsakaicin igiya mai ci gaba. Wannan shine daidaitaccen igiyar aiki wanda aka ƙayyade mafi yawan halayen gani.
- Ƙarfin Juyawa (VR):5 V matsakaici. Yin amfani da ƙarfin juyawa mafi girma fiye da wannan na iya rushe haɗin semiconductor na LED.
- Kewayon Yanayin Zafin Aiki:-30°C zuwa +85°C. An tabbatar da cewa na'urar za ta yi aiki a cikin wannan kewayon zafin muhalli.
- Kewayon Yanayin Zafin Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +85°C. Ana iya adana na'urar ba tare da lalacewa a cikin waɗannan iyakokin ba.
- Yanayin Gyarawa na Infrared:Yana jure zafin kololuwa na 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 10 yayin gyarawar reflow.
2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani
Waɗannan su ne ma'auni na ayyuka na yau da kullun da aka auna a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (IF= 20mA, Ta=25°C).
- Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (IV):Ya bambanta daga mafi ƙanƙanta na 18.0 mcd zuwa matsakaici na 112.0 mcd ga duka launuka. Ƙimar ta yau da kullun tana cikin wannan kewayon kuma tana ƙarƙashin rarrabawa (duba Sashe na 3).
- Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Digiri 130 (na yau da kullun). Wannan faɗaɗɗen kusurwar dubawa tana nuna tsarin fitarwa mai yaduwa, marar mayar da hankali wanda ya dace da hasken yanki mai faɗi.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon 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Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Ts� Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon TsawP): nm (typical) for green, 639 nm (typical) for red. This is the wavelength at which the spectral output is strongest.
- Dominant Wavelength (λd): nm (typical) for green, 631 nm (typical) for red. This is the single wavelength perceived by the human eye that defines the color.
- Spectral Line Half-Width (Δλ): nm (typical) for green, 20 nm (typical) for red. This parameter defines the color purity; a smaller value indicates a more monochromatic light.
- Forward Voltage (VF):.0 V (typical), with a maximum of 2.4 V at 20mA. This is the voltage drop across the LED when operating.
- Reverse Current (IR): μA maximum at a reverse voltage of 5V.
. Binning System Explanation
To ensure consistent performance in production, LEDs are sorted into bins based on key optical parameters. This allows designers to select components with tightly controlled characteristics.
.1 Luminous Intensity (IV) Binning
Both the green and red chips are binned identically for luminous intensity at 20mA. The bins are defined as follows, with a tolerance of ±15% within each bin:
- Bin Code M:.0 mcd (Min) to 28.0 mcd (Max)
- Bin Code N:.0 mcd to 45.0 mcd
- Bin Code P:.0 mcd to 71.0 mcd
- Bin Code Q:.0 mcd to 112.0 mcd
.2 Hue (Dominant Wavelength) Binning for Green
The green chip is further binned by its dominant wavelength to control color consistency. The tolerance for each bin is ±1 nm.
- Bin Code C:.5 nm to 570.5 nm
- Bin Code D:.5 nm to 573.5 nm
- Bin Code E:.5 nm to 576.5 nm
Note: The datasheet does not specify hue binning for the red chip in the provided content.
. Performance Curve Analysis
While the specific graphical curves are not detailed in the text extract, typical LED datasheets include several key plots for design analysis. Based on standard practice, the following curves would be essential:
.1 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (I-V Curve)
This curve shows the nonlinear relationship between the current flowing through the LED and the voltage across it. It is crucial for designing the current-limiting circuitry (e.g., series resistor or constant-current driver). The curve will show a threshold voltage (around 1.8-2.0V for these AlInGaP LEDs) after which current increases rapidly with a small increase in voltage.
.2 Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current
This plot illustrates how light output increases with drive current. It is generally linear over a range but will saturate at higher currents due to thermal effects and efficiency droop. Operating at or below the recommended 20mA ensures optimal efficiency and longevity.
.3 Luminous Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature
LED light output decreases as junction temperature increases. This curve is vital for applications operating over a wide temperature range, as it allows designers to derate the expected brightness or implement thermal management if necessary.
.4 Spectral Distribution
These graphs would show the relative radiant power emitted across the visible spectrum for both the green and red chips, centered around their peak wavelengths of 574nm and 639nm, respectively, with the specified half-widths.
. Mechanical and Package Information
.1 Package Dimensions and Polarity Identification
The LED is housed in a standard SMD package. The lens is water clear. The pin assignment is critical for correct operation: Pin A1 is the anode for the green chip, and Pin A2 is the anode for the red chip. The cathodes are likely common, but the schematic should be verified from the package diagram. All dimensions are provided in millimeters with a standard tolerance of ±0.1mm unless otherwise noted.
.2 Recommended PCB Pad Design and Soldering Orientation
The datasheet includes a recommended land pattern (footprint) for the PCB pads to ensure reliable solder joint formation during reflow. It also indicates the proper orientation of the component on the tape relative to the PCB for automated assembly.
. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines
.1 Reflow Soldering Parameters for Pb-Free Process
A suggested infrared reflow profile is provided. While specific ramp rates are not detailed in the text, the key parameters are the peak temperature (260°C max) and the time above liquidus (likely tailored to lead-free solder paste). The profile should include a pre-heat stage (e.g., 150-200°C) to activate flux and minimize thermal shock, followed by a controlled ramp to peak temperature and a controlled cooling phase.
.2 Hand Soldering
If hand soldering is necessary, it should be performed with a temperature-controlled iron set to a maximum of 300°C. The soldering time per lead must not exceed 3 seconds, and this should be done only once to prevent thermal damage to the plastic package and the semiconductor die.
.3 Cleaning
If cleaning after soldering is required, only specified solvents should be used. Immersing the LED in ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol at room temperature for less than one minute is acceptable. Unspecified chemicals may damage the package material or the lens.
.4 Storage and Handling
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD):The device is sensitive to ESD. Proper handling procedures must be followed, including the use of grounded wrist straps, anti-static mats, and ESD-safe packaging and equipment.
Moisture Sensitivity:The package is rated at MSL3 (Moisture Sensitivity Level 3). This means that once the original moisture-barrier bag is opened, the components must be subjected to reflow soldering within 168 hours (one week) when stored at conditions ≤ 30°C / 60% RH. For longer storage after opening, components should be baked at approximately 60°C for at least 20 hours before assembly to remove absorbed moisture and prevent \"popcorning\" during reflow.
. Packaging and Ordering Information
.1 Tape and Reel Specifications
The components are supplied on 8mm wide embossed carrier tape. The tape is wound onto standard 7-inch (178mm) diameter reels. Each reel contains 3000 pieces. For quantities less than a full reel, a minimum packing quantity of 500 pieces applies for remainder parts. The packaging conforms to ANSI/EIA-481 standards.
. Application Suggestions and Design Considerations
.1 Typical Application Circuits
The most common drive method is a simple series resistor. The resistor value (Rs) is calculated using Ohm's Law: Rs= (Vsupply- VF) / IF. Using the maximum VF(2.4V) ensures sufficient current even with component variation. For example, with a 5V supply and a target IFof 20mA: Rs= (5V - 2.4V) / 0.020A = 130 Ohms. A standard 130Ω or 150Ω resistor would be suitable. For precise current control or multiplexing many LEDs, a constant-current driver IC is recommended.
.2 Design Considerations
- Current Limiting:Always use a current-limiting device (resistor or driver). Connecting the LED directly to a voltage source will cause excessive current flow and immediate failure.
- Thermal Management:While the power dissipation is low, PCB layout should still consider heat dissipation, especially if multiple LEDs are clustered or operated in high ambient temperatures. Adequate copper area around the thermal pads (if any) or vias to inner layers can help.
- Binning Selection:For applications requiring uniform brightness or color, specify the appropriate bin codes (e.g., Bin Q for highest brightness, Bin D for a specific green hue).
- Reverse Voltage Protection:If there is any possibility of a reverse voltage being applied (e.g., in back-to-back configurations or with inductive loads), consider adding a protection diode in parallel with the LED.
. Technical Comparison and Differentiation
This dual-color LED's primary differentiation lies in its combination of two distinct light sources (AlInGaP green and red) in a single, compact SMD package. Compared to using two separate single-color LEDs, this saves PCB space, reduces component count, and simplifies assembly. The use of AlInGaP technology for both colors offers higher efficiency and better temperature stability compared to older technologies like standard GaP. The wide 130-degree viewing angle is a key feature for applications requiring broad visibility, as opposed to narrow-angle LEDs used for focused beams.
. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Parameters)
Q: Can I drive this LED at 30mA continuously?
A: Yes, 30mA is the maximum rated continuous DC forward current. However, for optimal longevity and to account for real-world thermal conditions, designing for the typical operating current of 20mA is recommended.
Q: What is the difference between peak wavelength and dominant wavelength?
A: Peak wavelength (λP) is the physical point of highest intensity in the emitted spectrum. Dominant wavelength (λd) is a calculated value based on human color perception (CIE chromaticity) that represents the \"color\" we see. They are often close but not identical.
Q: Why is there a binning system?
A: Manufacturing variations cause slight differences in performance. Binning sorts LEDs into groups with similar characteristics (brightness, color), allowing manufacturers to offer consistent products and designers to select parts that meet their specific needs for uniformity.
Q: How critical is the 260°C for 10 seconds reflow specification?
A: Very critical. Exceeding this time-temperature combination can overstress the internal wire bonds, degrade the epoxy lens, or damage the semiconductor chip, leading to immediate failure or reduced lifetime.
. Practical Use Case Example
Scenario: Dual-State Status Indicator on a Network Router
A designer needs a single indicator to show two states: \"System On/Active\" (Green) and \"Network Error\" (Red). Using the LTST-S327KGJRKT simplifies the design. One microcontroller GPIO pin can be connected to the green anode (A1), another to the red anode (A2), with both cathodes connected to ground. The microcontroller can independently turn on the green or red chip. A single current-limiting resistor can be placed on the common cathode if both LEDs are never on simultaneously, or separate resistors can be used on each anode for independent control. The wide viewing angle ensures the indicator is visible from various angles around the device.
. Operating Principle Introduction
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light through electroluminescence. When a forward voltage is applied across the p-n junction, electrons from the n-type material recombine with holes from the p-type material in the active region. This recombination releases energy in the form of photons (light). The specific wavelength (color) of the emitted light is determined by the energy bandgap of the semiconductor material used. This device uses Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) for both the red and green chips, which is a material system known for high efficiency in the yellow-to-red spectrum, with specific doping and structure adjustments to achieve the green emission.
. Technology Trends
The general trend in SMD indicator LEDs is toward higher efficiency (more light output per unit of electrical power), smaller package sizes, and improved reliability. There is also a move toward tighter binning tolerances to meet the demands of applications requiring high color and brightness consistency, such as full-color displays and automotive lighting. The integration of multiple colors or even RGB chips into a single package continues to be a significant trend for space-constrained multi-indicator applications. Furthermore, compatibility with increasingly stringent automotive and industrial temperature and reliability standards is a key driver for product development.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |