Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 1.1 Siffofi na Musamman da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi
- 2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Bayani Mai Ma'ana
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani a Ta=25°C
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning
- 3.1 Binning na Ƙarfin Haske
- 4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
- 4.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Haske (Lanƙwasa IF-IV)
- 4.2 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba (Lanƙwasa IF-VF)
- 4.3 Rarraba Tsarin Haske
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin
- 5.1 Girman Fakitin da Aikin Fil
- 5.2 Tsarin Pad na PCB da Ake Shawarta da Polarity
- 6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
- 6.1 Ma'auni na Solder na IR Reflow
- 6.2 Yanayin Ajiya da Sarrafawa
- 6.3 Tsaftacewa
- 7. Bayanin Fakitin da Oda
- 7.1 Cikakkun Bayanai na Tepe da Reel
- 8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ɗauka a Zaman Ɗaki
- 8.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
- 8.2 Gudanar da Zafi
- 8.3 Ɗaukar Zane na Gani
- 9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
- 10.1 Shin Zan iya tuka LED ɗin Shuɗi da Orange a lokaci guda a matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC?
- 10.2 Menene bambanci tsakanin Tsayin Tsayin Kololuwa da Tsayin Tsayin Rinjaye?
- 10.3 Me ya sa akwai ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu na baya (IR) idan LED ba a ƙirƙira shi don aiki na baya ba?
- 11. Misalin Amfani na Aiki
- 12. Gabatar da Ka'idar Aiki
- 13. Trends na Fasaha
1. Bayanin Samfur
Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun ƙayyadaddun fasaha na LTST-C195TBKFKT-5A, wata LED mai launuka biyu na Surface-Mount Device (SMD). Wannan ɓangaren ya haɗa guntun semiconductor guda biyu daban-daban a cikin fakitin siriri guda ɗaya: ɗayan yana fitar da hasken shuɗi (bisa fasahar InGaN) ɗayan kuma yana fitar da hasken orange (bisa fasahar AlInGaP). An ƙirƙira shi don hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik da aikace-aikacen da keɓance sarari da ingantaccen aiki suke mahimmanci.
1.1 Siffofi na Musamman da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi
Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da bin umarnin RoHS, ƙaramin tsayi na musamman na 0.55mm, da fitar da haske mai ƙarfi. An yi fakitin a cikin tepe na 8mm akan reels na inci 7, wanda ya dace da ma'auni na EIA, yana sa ya dace da kayan aikin ɗauka da sanya ta atomatik da daidaitattun hanyoyin solder na infrared (IR) reflow. Ɗaukar zanen sa kuma ya dace da I.C.
Yankunan aikace-aikace na al'ada sun haɗa da sadarwa, sarrafa ofis, kayan aikin gida, da kayan aikin masana'antu. Amfanin takamaiman sun haɗa da hasken baya na maɓallai da madannai, nuna matsayi, haɗawa cikin ƙananan nunin, da hasken sigina ko alama.
2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Bayani Mai Ma'ana
Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bincike mai ma'ana na iyakokin aiki na LED da halayen aiki a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji.
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni
Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda bayansu lalacewa na dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a nufin su don aiki na al'ada ba.
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):38 mW don guntun Shuɗi; 50 mW don guntun Orange. Wannan ma'auni yana nuna matsakaicin wutar lantarki da LED zai iya watsawa azaman zafi ba tare da lalacewa ba.
- Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IFP):40 mA don duka launuka biyu, ana yarda da shi kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms).
- Halin Yanzu na DC na Gaba (IF):10 mA don Shuɗi; 20 mA don Orange. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba na ci gaba da aka ba da shawarar.
- Yanayin Aiki & Ajiya:An ƙididdige na'urar don kewayon zafin yanayi (TaDatasheet ɗin yana ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa (sawu) don allon da'ira (PCB). Bin wannan tsarin yana da mahimmanci don cimma ingantattun haɗin solder, daidaitaccen daidaitawa, da ingantaccen watsi da zafi yayin aikin reflow. Ɗaukar zanen pad kuma yana taimakawa hana kabari (ɓangaren yana tsaye a ƙarshen ɗaya). Bayanin polarity bayyananne akan silkscreen na PCB, wanda ya dace da alamar cathode na LED, yana da mahimmanci don hana shigar da kuskure.
- Yanayin Solder na Infrared:Yana jurewa matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5, wanda shine ma'auni don hanyoyin reflow marasa gubar.
2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani a Ta=25°C
Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana aikin al'ada na na'urar lokacin da ake tuƙa ta ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayi (IF= 5mA sai dai an lura).
- Ƙarfin Haske (IV):Mafi ƙarancin 11.2 mcd don duka launuka biyu. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine 45 mcd don Shuɗi da 71 mcd don Orange. Wannan ma'auni ne na ƙarfin haske da idon ɗan adam ya gane.
- Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Yawanci digiri 130. Wannan faɗin kusurwa yana nuna tsarin fitar da haske mai yaduwa, maras shugabanci wanda ya dace da hasken yanki.
- Tsayin Tsayin Kololuwa (λP):Yawanci 468 nm (Shuɗi) da 611 nm (Orange). Wannan shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa inda fitar da ƙarfin tsarin haske ya fi girma.
- Tsayin Tsayin Rinjaye (λd):Ya kewayo daga 465-475 nm (Shuɗi) da 600-610 nm (Orange) a 5mA. Wannan shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ya gane, yana ayyana launi.
- Rabin Faɗin Layin Tsarin Haske (Δλ):Yawanci 25 nm (Shuɗi) da 17 nm (Orange). Wannan yana nuna tsaftar tsarin haske; ƙaramin ƙima yana nufin launi mafi monochromatic.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):Yawanci 2.80V (Shuɗi, matsakaici 3.20V) da 2.00V (Orange, matsakaici 2.30V) a 5mA. Wannan shine faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin da yake gudanar da halin yanzu.
- Halin Yanzu na Baya (IR):Matsakaicin 100 µA don duka a VR= 5V. Ba a ƙirƙira LED don aikin bias na baya ba; wannan ma'auni don dalilai na gwaji ne kawai.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning
Ana rarraba LED ɗin (binning) dangane da ƙarfin hasken da aka auna don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa.
3.1 Binning na Ƙarfin Haske
Kowane launi yana da ƙayyadaddun kewayon ƙarfi da aka sanya lambar kwandon shara. Tolerancin a cikin kowane kwandon shara shine +/-15%.
Binning na LED Shuɗi (@5mA):
- Kwandon L: 11.2 - 18.0 mcd
- Kwandon M: 18.0 - 28.0 mcd
- Kwandon N: 28.0 - 45.0 mcd
Binning na LED Orange (@5mA):
- Kwandon L: 11.2 - 18.0 mcd
- Kwandon M: 18.0 - 28.0 mcd
- Kwandon N: 28.0 - 45.0 mcd
- Kwandon P: 45.0 - 71.0 mcd
Wannan tsarin yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED tare da tabbataccen mafi ƙarancin haske don aikace-aikacensu, yana taimakawa wajen cimma daidaiton aikin gani a cikin raka'a da yawa.
4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman lanƙwasa masu hoto a cikin datasheet (misali, Hoto na 1 don rarraba tsarin haske, Hoto na 6 don kusurwar dubawa), tasirinsu yana da mahimmanci ga ƙira.
4.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Haske (IF-IVLanƙwasa)
Fitar da haske yana kusan daidai da halin yanzu na gaba, amma wannan dangantakar ba ta daidaita daidai ba, musamman a manyan halin yanzu inda inganci zai iya faɗuwa saboda dumama. Yin aiki a ko ƙasa da halin yanzu na DC da aka ba da shawarar yana tabbatar da ingantaccen fitarwa da tsawon rai.
4.2 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IF-VFLanƙwasa)
LED yana nuna halayen diode mai kama da exponential I-V. Ƙananan canji a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba zai iya haifar da babban canji a cikin halin yanzu. Don haka, al'ada ce ta al'ada don tuƙa LED tare da tushen halin yanzu na akai, ba tushen ƙarfin lantarki na akai ba, don tabbatar da ingantaccen fitar da haske da kuma hana guduwar zafi.
4.3 Rarraba Tsarin Haske
Lanƙwasa tsarin haske yana nuna ƙarfin da aka fitar a duk faɗin tsayin raƙuman ruwa. Tsayin tsayin kololuwa (λP) da rabin faɗi (Δλ) an cire su daga wannan lanƙwasa. Guntun Orange AlInGaP yawanci yana da ƙaramin faɗin tsarin haske fiye da guntun Shuɗi InGaN, yana haifar da launi mafi cika.
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin
5.1 Girman Fakitin da Aikin Fil
Na'urar ta dace da daidaitaccen sawun SMD. Mahimman girma sun haɗa da girman jiki da jimlar tsayi na 0.55mm. Aikin fil kamar haka ne: Fil 1 da 3 suna don anode/cathode na LED Shuɗi, kuma Fil 2 da 4 suna don anode/cathode na LED Orange. Ruwan tabarau yana da ruwa bayyananne. Duk ƙimar girman girman shine ±0.1 mm sai dai an ƙayyade.
5.2 Tsarin Pad na PCB da Ake Shawarta da Polarity
The datasheet provides a recommended land pattern (footprint) for the printed circuit board (PCB). Adhering to this pattern is crucial for achieving reliable solder joints, proper alignment, and effective heat dissipation during the reflow process. The pad design also helps prevent tombstoning (component standing up on one end). Clear polarity marking on the PCB silkscreen, matching the LED's cathode indicator, is essential to prevent incorrect installation.
6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
6.1 Ma'auni na Solder na IR Reflow
Don hanyoyin solder marasa gubar (Pb-free), an ba da shawarar bayanin martaba reflow. Ma'auni na musamman sun haɗa da:
- Dumama Kafin:150-200°C na matsakaicin dakika 120 don dumama allon a hankali da kuma kunna flux.
- Matsakaicin Zazzabi:Matsakaicin 260°C.
- Lokaci Sama da Liquidus:Ya kamata a yi wa ɓangaren matsakaicin zafin jiki na matsakaicin dakika 10, kuma kada a yi aikin reflow fiye da sau biyu.
Waɗannan ma'auni sun dogara ne akan ma'auni na JEDEC don tabbatar da ingantaccen sanyawa ba tare da lalata fakitin LED ko guntun semiconductor a ciki ba.
6.2 Yanayin Ajiya da Sarrafawa
Kula da ESD:LED suna da hankali ga fitar da wutar lantarki (ESD). Ya kamata a yi sarrafawa ta amfani da igiyoyin wuyan hannu, katifu masu hana wutar lantarki, da kayan aikin da aka kafa.
Matakin Hankali na Danshi (MSL):An ƙididdige na'urar MSL 3. Wannan yana nufin cewa da zarar an buɗe jakar shinge na danshi na asali, dole ne a yi solder ɓangarorin a cikin mako ɗaya (sauri 168) a ƙarƙashin yanayin bene na masana'anta (<30°C/60% RH). Idan wannan lokacin ya wuce, ana buƙatar gasa a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin solder don cire danshin da aka sha da kuma hana "popcorning" yayin reflow.
Ajiya na Dogon Lokaci:Kayan da ba a buɗe ba ya kamata a adana su a ≤30°C da ≤90% RH. Don buɗaɗɗen fakitin ko tsawaita ajiya, ya kamata a adana ɓangarorin a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da desiccant ko a cikin yanayi na nitrogen.
6.3 Tsaftacewa
Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan solder, kawai ƙayyadaddun kaushi masu tushen barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol (IPA) ko ethyl alcohol ya kamata a yi amfani da su. Ya kamata a nutsar da LED a yanayin zafi na al'ada na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Masu tsaftacewa na sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na filastik ko kayan fakitin.
7. Bayanin Fakitin da Oda
7.1 Cikakkun Bayanai na Tepe da Reel
Ana ba da LED ɗin a cikin tepe mai ɗaukar kaya tare da tepe mai kariya, wanda aka nannade akan reels mai diamita inci 7 (178mm). Matsakaicin adadin shiryawa shine guda 4000 a kowace reel. Don adadin ƙasa da cikakken reel, mafi ƙarancin adadin shiryawa na guda 500 ya shafi. Fakitin ya dace da ma'auni na ANSI/EIA-481.
8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ɗauka a Zaman Ɗaki
8.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
Kowane tashar launi (Shuɗi da Orange) dole ne a tuƙa su da kansu. Resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu shine mafi sauƙin hanyar tuƙi. Ƙimar resistor (R) ana ƙididdige ta ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vwadata- VF) / IF. Don ƙarin ingantaccen aiki, musamman lokacin da Vwadataya bambanta ko don sarrafa haske daidai, ana ba da shawarar da'irar direban halin yanzu na akai (misali, ta amfani da takamaiman IC direban LED ko tushen halin yanzu na transistor).
8.2 Gudanar da Zafi
Ko da yake rushewar wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa, ingantaccen ƙirar zafi yana tsawaita rayuwar LED. Tabbatar cewa ƙirar pad na PCB tana ba da isasshen yanki na tagulla don zama mai sanyaya zafi. Guji aiki da LED a matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba da ƙimar wutar lantarki na tsawon lokaci, saboda wannan yana haɓaka raguwar lumen (faɗuwar fitar da haske akan lokaci).
8.3 Ɗaukar Zane na Gani
Faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130 yana sa wannan LED ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar faɗin haske, daidai maimakon hasken da aka mayar da hankali. Don ƙarin haske mai shugabanci, ƙila za a buƙaci ruwan tabarau na waje ko jagororin haske. Ruwan tabarau mai ruwa bayyananne yana da mafi kyau don fitar da launi na gaskiya.
9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
Babban abubuwan banbance na wannan ɓangaren shineiyawar launuka biyu a cikin fakitin siriri na 0.55mm. Wannan yana ba da damar nuna alamun matsayi biyu masu zaman kansu ko haɗa launuka a cikin sawun da yawanci LED mai launi ɗaya ke mamaye shi. Amfani da InGaN don shuɗi da AlInGaP don orange yana wakiltar daidaitattun fasahohin semiconductor masu inganci, masu ba da haske mai kyau da aminci. Daidaitawarsa tare da haɗawa ta atomatik da daidaitattun bayanan martaba reflow yana sa ya zama mafita mai saukowa ga masana'antar lantarki na zamani.
10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
10.1 Shin Zan iya tuka LED ɗin Shuɗi da Orange a lokaci guda a matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC?
A'a. Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni suna ƙayyade iyakokin rushewar wutar lantarki a kowace guntu (38mW Shuɗi, 50mW Orange). Tuka duka biyu a lokaci guda a IF=10mA (Shuɗi) da IF=20mA (Orange) zai haifar da matsakaicin cajin wutar lantarki na 28mW (Shuɗi: 10mA * 2.8V) da 40mW (Orange: 20mA * 2.0V), jimlar 68mW. Yayin da wannan yake ƙasa da jimlar matsakaicin kowane mutum, yana mai da hankali kan zafi a cikin ƙaramin yanki. Don ingantaccen aiki na dogon lokaci, yana da kyau a tuƙa ƙasa da matsakaicin ƙima da kuma la'akari da tasirin zafi akan PCB.
10.2 Menene bambanci tsakanin Tsayin Tsayin Kololuwa da Tsayin Tsayin Rinjaye?
Tsayin Tsayin Kololuwa (λP)shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa na zahiri inda LED ke fitar da mafi ƙarfin ƙarfin gani, wanda spectrometer ya auna.Tsayin Tsayin Rinjaye (λd)ƙima ce da aka samo daga zanen chromaticity na CIE wanda ke wakiltar tsayin raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ya gane launin. Don LED monochromatic, sau da yawa suna kusa, amma ga LED masu faɗin tsarin haske (kamar fararen LED), suna iya zama daban-daban. A cikin wannan datasheet, an ba da duka biyu don ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun launi.
10.3 Me ya sa akwai ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu na baya (IR) idan LED ba a ƙirƙira shi don aiki na baya ba?
IRƙayyadaddun (matsakaicin 100 µA a 5V) shinema'auni na gwaji na inganci da zubewa. Yana tabbatar da ingancin haɗin semiconductor. Yayin haɗawa ko a cikin da'ira, LED na iya ɗan ɗan lokaci a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin bias na baya. Wannan ma'auni yana ba da garantin cewa a ƙarƙashin irin wannan yanayin, halin yanzu na zubewa ba zai wuce ƙayyadaddun iyaka ba, yana nuna na'urar da aka ƙera da kyau. Kada a fassara shi azaman yanayin aiki mai aminci.
11. Misalin Amfani na Aiki
Yanayi: Mai Nuna Matsayi Mai Matsayi Biyu akan Na'urar da Ake ɗauka
Na'urar likita da ake ɗauka tana amfani da alamar guda ɗaya don nuna matsayi da yawa: Kashe (babu haske), Jiran aiki (Orange), da Aiki (Shuɗi). LTST-C195TBKFKT-5A yana da kyau saboda yana adana sarari idan aka kwatanta da amfani da LED guda biyu daban-daban. Na'urar microcontroller (MCU) tana da fil ɗin GPIO guda biyu, kowanne yana haɗe da tashar launi ɗaya na LED ta hanyar resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu (misali, 150Ω don Shuɗi da 100Ω don Orange, ana ɗaukar wadata na 5V). Firmware yana sarrafa fil ɗin da kansu. Tsayin siriri yana ba shi damar dacewa a bayan ƙaramin allon gaba. Faɗin kusurwar dubawa yana tabbatar da cewa ana iya ganin matsayin daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Mai ƙira ya zaɓi Kwandon M ko N don duka launuka biyu don tabbatar da isasshen haske a ƙarƙashin hasken yanayi.
12. Gabatar da Ka'idar Aiki
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) na'urorin semiconductor ne waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yankin haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi. A cikin diode na silicon na al'ada, ana sakin wannan makamashi azaman zafi. A cikin LED, kayan semiconductor (InGaN don shuɗi/kore, AlInGaP don ja/orange/rawaya) suna da bandgap kai tsaye, yana haifar da wannan makamashi a matsayin photons (haske). Takamaiman tsayin raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar bandgap na makamashi na kayan semiconductor. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai ruwa bayyananne yana kare guntu kuma yana taimakawa siffanta tsarin fitar da haske.
13. Trends na Fasaha
Haɓaka SMD LED kamar wannan yana bin trends na masana'antu da yawa:Ƙananan Girma(fakitin siriri da ƙanana),Ƙara Ingantaccen Aiki(mafi girman fitar da haske a kowace raka'a na shigar da lantarki), daƘarfafa Aminci(ƙarfi don mawuyacin yanayi da haɗawa ta atomatik). Haɗa guntu da yawa (launi da yawa ko RGB) cikin fakitin guda ɗaya hanya ce ta gama gari don adana sarari na allon da kuma sauƙaƙe haɗawa. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ci gaba da tuƙi don inganta daidaiton launi (ƙaramin binning) da haɓaka fakitin da zai iya sarrafa mafi girman yawan wutar lantarki don aikace-aikacen haske na gaba ɗaya, ko da yake wannan takamaiman ɓangaren an inganta shi don amfani da alamar ƙaramin wutar lantarki.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |