Bayanin Fasaha na Nunin LED na LTD-4708JS - Tsawon Lamba 0.4-inch - LED Mai Launin rawaya na AlInGaP - Karfin Wutar Gaba 2.6V - Takardun Fasaha na Turanci

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTD-4708JS na'urar nunin lambobi ne mai lambobi biyu da sassa bakwai, wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar karanta lambobi bayyananne da haske. Babban aikinsa shine nuna lambobi biyu (0-9) ta amfani da sassan LED masu sarrafa kansu. Fasahar cibiyar ta amfani da kayan semiconductor na Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) don samar da hasken rawaya. Wannan tsarin kayan sananne ne saboda ingantaccen inganci da tsaftar launi a cikin bakan launin rawaya-lemu-ja. Na'urar tana da fuskar fuska mai launin toka tare da alamomin sassa fari, wanda ke haɓaka bambanci da karantawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske daban-daban. An rarrabe shi bisa ga ƙarfin haske, yana tabbatar da daidaiton matakan haske a cikin rukunin samarwa don kamanni iri ɗaya a aikace-aikacen na'ura da yawa.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Halayen Hoto da Na'urar Gani

Aikin gani shine tsakiyar aikin nunin. A daidaitaccen gwajin na'urar na 1 mA a kowane sashe, matsakaicin ƙarfin haske ya bambanta daga mafi ƙarancin 200 μcd zuwa ƙimar yau da kullun na 650 μcd. Matsakaicin tsayin fitarwa (λp) yawanci 588 nm ne, tare da tsayin tsayi (λd) na 587 nm, yana tabbatar da fitarwa a cikin yankin rawaya na bakan gani. Ramin rabin layin bakan (Δλ) shine 15 nm, yana nuna ƙunƙuntaccen bandwidth da kyakkyawan jikewa launi. An ƙayyade ma'aunin daidaiton ƙarfin haske tsakanin sassa a matsakaicin 2:1, wanda ke da mahimmanci don tabbatar da daidaiton haske a duk sassan lamba.

2.2 Sigogi na Lantarki da Zafin Jiki

A fuskar lantarki, kowane sashe na LED yana da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (VF) daga 2.05V zuwa 2.6V a lokacin ƙarfin tuƙi na 20 mA. Matsakaicin ƙimar ƙididdiga suna bayyana iyakokin aiki: ci gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kowane sashe shine 25 mA a 25°C, yana raguwa da layi da 0.33 mA/°C yayin da yanayin zafi ya ƙaru. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, wanda aka yarda da shi a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun 0.1ms), shine 60 mA. Matsakaicin ƙarfin watsawa a kowane sashe shine 70 mW. Na'urar na iya jure ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya har zuwa 5V a kowane sashe, tare da ƙarfin lantarki na baya (IR) ƙasa da 100 μA a wannan ƙarfin wutar lantarki. An ƙayyade kewayon zafin aiki da ajiya daga -35°C zuwa +85°C, yana nuna ƙarfi don yanayin masana'antu da na mabukaci.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba

Bayanin fasaha ya nuna cewa an "rarraba na'urar don ƙarfin haske." Wannan yana nuna tsarin rarrabawa ko tsarawa bayan samarwa. Yawanci ana gwada LED da rarrabe su (a cikin kwandon shara) bisa mahimman sigogi kamar ƙarfin haske da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba don tabbatar da daidaito. Duk da cewa ba a bayar da cikakkun bayanan lambobin kwandon shara a cikin wannan ɓangaren ba, irin wannan tsarin yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa tare da daidaitaccen haske, yana hana bambance-bambance bayyananne tsakanin lambobi ko sassa a cikin jeri, wanda ke da mahimmanci don daidaiton kayan kwalliya da aiki a cikin samfuran ƙarshe.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Bayanin fasaha ya yi nuni da "Yanayin Lantarki / Halayen Gani na Yau da Kullun." Ko da yake ba a bayyana takamaiman jadawali a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, irin waɗannan lanƙwasan yawanci suna kwatanta alaƙa tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (IF) da ƙarfin haske (IV), ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (VF) da zafin jiki, da rarraba haske na kusurwa (tsarin kusurwar kallo). Waɗannan lanƙwasan suna da mahimmanci ga masu ƙira don fahimtar halayen LED mara layi. Misali, lanƙwasa IV yana nuna yadda fitar da haske ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin lantarki amma yana iya cika a manyan ƙarfin lantarki. Lanƙwasa raguwar zafin jiki yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar sarrafa zafin jiki don tabbatar da tsawon rai da kwanciyar hankali.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

5.1 Girma da Tsari

Zanen kunshin (wanda aka ambata amma ba a nuna dalla-dalla ba) yana ba da girman jiki na nunin. Babban ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun shine tsayin lamba 0.4-inch (10.0 mm). Ana ba da duk ma'auni a cikin milimita tare da daidaitaccen jurewa na ±0.25 mm sai dai idan an lura daban. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB da tabbatar da cewa nunin ya dace daidai a cikin akwatin samfurin.

5.2 Tsarin Fil da Polarity

Na'urar tana da tsarin fil guda 10. Tana amfani da tsarin gine-ginen cathode gama gari biyu, ma'ana akwai filayen cathode gama gari daban-daban guda biyu - ɗaya ga kowane lamba (fil 4 da 9). Anodes don sassa A zuwa G da maki goma (D.P.) suna kan fil ɗin mutum ɗaya. Takamaiman fitarwa shine: 1(C), 2(D.P.), 3(E), 4(Cathode Lamba 2), 5(D), 6(F), 7(G), 8(B), 9(Cathode Lamba 1), 10(A). Daidaitaccen gano filayen cathode da anode yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewar karkatar da baya yayin haɗa'awar da'ira.

6. Jagororin Solder da Taro

Matsakaicin ƙimar ƙididdiga sun haɗa da mahimmin sigogi na solder: na'urar na iya jure matsakaicin zafin solder na 260°C na matsakaicin tsawon lokaci na dakika 3, wanda aka auna a 1.6mm (1/16 inch) ƙasa da matakin wurin zama. An yi nufin wannan jagora don hanyoyin solder na igiyar ruwa ko solder na hannu. Don sake sake solder, ya kamata a yi amfani da bayanin martaba tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki ƙasa da wannan iyaka da ƙimar gangare mai sarrafawa. Tsawaita bayyanawa ga yanayin zafi mai zafi na iya lalata haɗin wayoyi na ciki, guntu LED, ko kunshin filastik.

7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan nunin ya dace da kewayon aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙananan masu nuna lambobi masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Amfanin gama gari ya haɗa da allunan kayan aikin ma'auni (misali, ma'auni da yawa, ƙididdiga mitar), kayan aikin mabukaci (mikrowave, injunan wanki, ma'aunin zafi), karatun sarrafa masana'antu, da na'urorin lantarki masu ɗaukuwa. Babban haske da faɗin kusurwar kallo suna sa ya zama mai karantawa a cikin yanayi mai duhu da haske.

7.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

Ƙuntatawa na Halin Yanzu:Masu juriya na iyakancewa na waje wajibi ne ga kowane anode na sashe ko layin cathode gama gari don saita hasken da ake so da hana wuce matsakaicin ci gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor bisa ga ƙarfin wutar lantarki (Vcc), ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba na LED (VF ~2.6V matsakaici), da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ake so (misali, 10-20 mA).
Haɗawa:Tsarin gine-ginen cathode gama gari ya dace da da'irori masu tuƙi da yawa. Ta hanyar ba da damar cathode ɗaya (lamba) a jere a babban mitar (yawanci >100Hz) yayin samar da bayanan sashe masu dacewa ga anodes, ana iya sarrafa lambobi biyu tare da rage adadin filayen I/O idan aka kwatanta da tuƙi mai tsayi. Wannan kuma yana rage matsakaicin amfani da wutar lantarki.
Kusurwar Dubawa:Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana da fa'ida amma dole ne a yi la'akari da shi yayin ƙirar injiniya don daidaita mafi kyawun mazugi na nunin tare da tsammanin layin gani na mai amfani.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar LED na GaAsP ko GaP na yau da kullun, AlInGaP yana ba da ingantaccen inganci mai haske sosai, yana haifar da mafi girma haske don ƙarfin lantarki iri ɗaya. Launin rawaya da aka samar ya fi cika da tsafta. Idan aka kwatanta da nunin lamba ɗaya, wannan naúrar mai lambobi biyu tana adana sararin PCB kuma tana sauƙaƙa haɗawa. Rarrabuwa (rarrabawa) don ƙarfin haske shine babban abin banbancewa daga sassan da ba a cire su ba, yana ba masu ƙira damar yin hasashen aiki mai mahimmanci don samfuran matakin ƙwararru.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Wane ƙimar resistor ya kamata in yi amfani da shi don tuƙi sashe a 15 mA tare da samar da wutar lantarki 5V?
A: Ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vcc - VF) / IF. Da zaton VF na yau da kullun na 2.3V, R = (5V - 2.3V) / 0.015A ≈ 180 Ω. Koyaushe yi amfani da matsakaicin VF daga bayanin fasaha (2.6V) don ƙirar ra'ayin mazan jiya: R = (5V - 2.6V) / 0.015A ≈ 160 Ω. Daidaitaccen resistor 150 Ω ko 180 Ω zai dace, duba ainihin watsawar wutar lantarki a cikin resistor.
Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan nunin kai tsaye daga fil ɗin microcontroller?
A: A'a. Filayen microcontroller yawanci ba za su iya samar da ko nutse da ƙarfin lantarki da ake buƙata ba (har zuwa 25 mA a kowane sashe, mai yuwuwa ya fi yawa don sassa da yawa akan lamba ɗaya). Dole ne ku yi amfani da direbobin transistor (don sauya cathode gama gari) da/ko takamaiman ICs direban LED don samar da isasshen ƙarfin lantarki da aiwatar da haɗawa.
Q: Menene manufar ƙimar "Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba"?
A> Wannan ƙimar yana ba da damar ɗigon ƙarfin lantarki na gajere sama da ƙimar DC, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin da'irori masu haɗawa don cimma mafi girman haske a lokacin gajeren lokacin KUNNA na kowane lamba. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki akan lokaci dole ne har yanzu ya kasance cikin iyakokin ƙimar ci gaba.

10. Ƙirar Aiki da Shari'ar Amfani

Yi la'akari da ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar lambobi biyu mai sauƙi. Da'irar za ta haɗa da microcontroller da ke samar da jerin ƙidaya. Za a yi amfani da transistors NPN guda biyu (ko jerin transistor biyu) don nutse ƙarfin lantarki ta hanyar filayen cathode gama gari (Lambobi 1 & 2), wanda aka sarrafa ta hanyar GPIOs na microcontroller daban-daban waɗanda aka saita a cikin yanayin buɗe rami ko mai tara buɗe ido. Anodes bakwai (A-G) za a haɗa su zuwa wasu GPIOs ta hanyar masu juriya na iyakancewa na mutum ɗaya (misali, 150Ω). Firmware zai aiwatar da haɗawa: kunna transistor don Lamba 1, saita GPIOs don haskaka sassan da ake buƙata don ƙimar lamba na farko, jira ƴan milliseconds, sannan kashe Lamba 1, kunna Lamba 2, saita sassan don ƙimar lamba na biyu, kuma maimaita. Wannan zagayowar yana haifar da hasashen cewa duka lambobin suna ci gaba da haskakawa.

11. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki

Na'urar tana aiki bisa ka'idar electroluminescence a cikin haɗin p-n semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce kofa na diode (kusan 2V don AlInGaP), ana shigar da electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type zuwa yankin aiki. Haɗuwarsu yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsayin zango (launi) na haske an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor - AlInGaP a wannan yanayin, wanda aka ƙera don fitarwa a cikin bakan rawaya. Kowane ɗayan sassa bakwai (da maki goma) yana ɗauke da ɗaya ko fiye na waɗannan ƙananan guntu LED. Tsarin cathode gama gari yana nufin cewa an haɗa cathodes (tashoshi mara kyau) na duk LED a cikin lamba ɗaya a ciki, yana ba da damar ba da damar ko kashe lamba gaba ɗaya ta hanyar maɓalli ɗaya.

12. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin

Fasahar AlInGaP tana wakiltar ci gaba mai mahimmanci akan tsofaffin kayan LED don hasken ja, lemu, da rawaya. Yana ba da inganci mafi girma da mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki. Duk da yake wannan bayanin fasaha na ɓangare ne mai hankali, yanayin fasahar nunin yana zuwa ga haɗin kai mafi girma, kamar na'urori masu lambobi da yawa tare da direbobi da aka gina da hanyoyin sadarwa na jeri (I2C, SPI). Bugu da ƙari, don alamun rawaya, ana amfani da LED fari da aka canza phosphor ko LED masu fitar da kai tsaye na tushen InGaN waɗanda ke rufe bakan mafi faɗi. Duk da haka, don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar tsantsar, ingantaccen hasken rawaya tare da tuƙi kai tsaye mai sauƙi, AlInGaP ya kasance zaɓi mai dacewa kuma abin dogaro. Ka'idojin haɗawa, iyakancewa na halin yanzu, da sarrafa zafin jiki da aka tattauna a nan suna da mahimmanci kuma suna shafi nau'ikan fasahohin nunin LED da yawa.