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Tsarin Rayuwar Kayan Aiki na Lantarki - Sake Dubawa Na 2 - Ranar Saki 2014-06-10 - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

Takardun fasaha da ke bayyana matakin rayuwar kayan aiki, tarihin sake dubawa, da bayanan saki na wani kayan aiki na lantarki. Wannan takarda ta siffanta kayan aikin a matsayin Sake Dubawa Na 2, wanda aka saki a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 2014, tare da lokacin karewa mara iyaka.
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Murfin Takardar PDF - Tsarin Rayuwar Kayan Aiki na Lantarki - Sake Dubawa Na 2 - Ranar Saki 2014-06-10 - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakken tsarin rayuwar wani takamaiman kayan aiki na lantarki. Babban bayanin ya ayyana matsayin sake dubawa na kayan aikin da kuma tsarin lokacin saki na hukuma. Babban fa'idar wannan daidaitaccen takardu shine bayyanannen sadarwa na sarrafa siga da matsayin samfur, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga sarrafa sarkar wadata, tabbatar da inganci, da tsarin canjin injiniya (ECO). Wannan bayanin yana nufin injiniyoyi, ƙwararrun saye, manajoji na inganci, da ma'aikatan masana'antu waɗanda ke da hannu a haɗawa da sarrafa rayuwar kayan aikin lantarki a cikin manyan tsarin.

2. Zurfin Fahimtar Ma'auni na Fasaha

Bayanan da aka bayar sun mayar da hankali kan ma'auni na gudanarwa da rayuwa maimakon na al'ada na lantarki ko na zahiri. Cikakken bincike na waɗannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen sarrafa kayan aiki.

2.1 Ma'auni na Matakin Rayuwa

An bayyanaMatakinRayuwaa sarari a matsayinSake Dubawa. Wannan yana nuna cewa kayan aikin ba yana cikin farkon samfuri (Kafin Samarwa, Samfurin Injiniya) ko matakin ƙarshe na rayuwa (EOL, Tsoho) ba. Matakin "Sake Dubawa" yana nuna cewa ƙirar kayan aikin ta sha ɗaya ko fiye na canji na hukuma daga sigar da ta gabata, kuma takardun yanzu (Sake Dubawa Na 2) ita ce hujja ga wannan sabuwar siga. Wannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa ana amfani da daidai sigar kayan aiki a cikin samarwa don guje wa bambance-bambance a cikin aiki, ƙafa, ko aiki.

2.2 Ma'auni na Sake Dubawa

An siffanta matakin sake dubawa a matsayin22

. Wannan alama ce mai bi da bi da ke bin tarihin canje-canjen da aka yi wa ƙirar kayan aikin, takardu, ko tsarin masana'antu. Tsallaka daga hasashen Sake Dubawa Na 1 zuwa Na 2 yawanci yana nuna canji mai mahimmanci wanda zai iya shafar siffa, dacewa, ko aiki. Dole ne injiniyoyi su yi kwatankwacin wannan lambar sake dubawa tare da mahaɗan canji ko sanarwar canjin samfur (PCN) don fahimtar takamaiman gyare-gyaren da aka aiwatar.

2.3 Ma'auni na Ranar SakiAn rubutaRanar Sakidaidai a matsayin2014-06-10 16:13:35.0

. Wannan alamar lokaci tana nuna daidai lokacin da aka saki takardun Sake Dubawa Na 2 da/ko kayan aikin da kansa bisa hukuma don samarwa ko rarrabawa. Wannan ranar tana da dalilai da yawa: tana kafa tushe don ƙididdige shekarun samfur, tana taimakawa wajen bincike da bin diddigin, kuma ita ce mabuɗin tantance lokacin da wannan sake dubawa ya maye gurbin na baya a cikin sarkar wadata.

2.4 Ma'auni na Lokacin KarewaAn jeraLokacin Karewaa matsayinHar Abada

. A cikin mahallin takardun rayuwa, wannan yawanci yana nufin takardar bayanai ko ƙayyadaddun bayanai na Sake Dubawa Na 2 ba su da tsarin ranar da za su tsufa. Ba lallai ba ne kayan aikin za a ƙera shi har abada. A maimakon haka, yana nuna cewa wannan sake dubawa na takardun ya kasance mai inganci a matsayin tunani ga wannan takamaiman sigar kayan aiki har abada, ko har sai an fitar da sabon sake dubawa (misali, Sake Dubawa Na 3). Rayuwar samar da kayan aikin za ta kasance ƙarƙashin sadarwar matsayin rayuwar samfur daban.

3. Bayanin Tsarin DarajaDuk da yake guntun bayanin da aka bayar bai ƙunshi darajar aiki ba (misali, don tsawon raƙuman ruwa, ƙarar ruwa, ƙarfin lantarki),lambar Sake Dubawa

da kanta tana aiki a matsayin muhimmin tsarin daraja ko rarrabuwa don matsayin ƙirar kayan aiki. Duk raka'o'in da aka yiwa alama a matsayin Sake Dubawa Na 2 an tabbatar da cewa sun yi daidai da daidaitattun ƙayyadaddun bayanai da aka rubuta a lokacin sakin 2014-06-10. Dole ne hanyoyin saye da masana'antu su aiwatar da bincike don tabbatar da cewa Sake Dubawa Na 2 kawai (ko takamaiman sake dubawa mai dacewa) ne ake amfani da shi a cikin haɗuwa don kiyaye daidaito da aminci.

4. Nazarin Lankwasa na Aiki

Wannan takarda ba ta ba da bayanan aikin hoto kamar lankwasan IV ko rarraba haske ba. "Aikin" da aka sadar a nan shine amincin gudanarwa da daidaiton siga. Kwanciyar hankali na ƙayyadaddun bayanai da kansa, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar ƙayyadadden ranar saki da "Har Abada" akan ingancin takardar, shine babban abin da ke taimakawa wajen tsarin ayyuka na dogon lokaci da rage haɗarin canje-canjen ƙayyadaddun bayanai da ba a zata ba.

5. Bayanan Injiniya da KunshewaCikakkun bayanan injiniya kamar girma, ƙafa, da polarity ba a haɗa su cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba. Cikakkiyar takardar bayanai za ta yi nuni ga wannan taken rayuwa sannan ta ba da cikakkun zane-zane na injiniya, ƙirar kunshin, da bayanan alama waɗanda suka shafiSake Dubawa Na 2

. Yana da mahimmanci cewa kowane zanen injiniya ya kasance an haɗa shi da wannan lambar sake dubawa don hana kurakuran haɗawa.

6. Jagororin Solder da HaɗawaBa a siffanta bayanan gabaɗaya na solder (reflow, wave) a nan ba. Duk da haka, lambar sake dubawa tana da mahimmanci ga haɗawa. Idan canji tsakanin Sake Dubawa Na 1 da Na 2 ya haɗa da wani abu daban na kunshin, ƙarewa, ko haɗa guntu na ciki, ƙirar solder da aka ba da shawarar na iya canzawa. Saboda haka, dole ne a samo jagororin haɗawa daga cikakkiyar takardar bayanai ko bayanan aikace-aikace waɗanda ke da alaƙa ta musamman daSake Dubawa Na 2

na kayan aikin.

7. Bayanan Kunshewa da OdaBabban bayanin oda an ayyana shi a ɓoye ta hanyarSake Dubawa: 2

. Dole ne daidai kuma cikakkiyar lambar sashi don yin oda ta haɗa da wannan alamar sake dubawa don tabbatar da cewa masana'antar tana ba da daidai sigar da aka rubuta a nan. Cikakkun bayanan kunshin (girma na tef da reel, adadin reel, buƙatun busasshiyar fakitin) za a yi cikakken bayani a wani wuri amma suma suna da takamaiman ga wannan sake dubawa.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikaceBabban shawarar aikace-aikace da aka samo daga wannan bayanin shine muhimmancinsarrafa sake dubawa a cikin sarrafa Jerin Kayan Aiki (BOM)

. Ga kowane aikace-aikace, musamman a cikin samfuran da ke da tsawon rayuwa kamar kayan aikin masana'antu, motoci, ko tsarin sararin samaniya, kulle BOM zuwa "Sake Dubawa Na 2" (kamar yadda aka ayyana a 2014-06-10) shine mafi kyawun aiki. Wannan yana hana canje-canjen kayan aiki da ba a so kuma mai yuwuwar rashin dacewa yayin samarwa na gaba. Masu ƙira yakamata koyaushe su yi nuni ga cikakken saitin ƙayyadaddun bayanan fasaha waɗanda ke da alaƙa da wannan sake dubawa.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha

Babban abin da ya bambanta shi ne daidaitaccen matsayin sake dubawa na kayan aikin. Idan aka kwatanta da kayan aikin da ba su da cikakken bin diddigin rayuwa ko akai-akai, canje-canjen da ba a rubuta ba, kayan aikin da ke da bayyanannen "Sake Dubawa Na 2" da kuma ranar saki na tarihi yana ba da mafi girman bin diddigin, bincike, da kwanciyar hankali na sarkar wadata. Wannan yana rage haɗarin injiniya kuma yana sauƙaƙa hanyoyin cancanta da takaddun shaida don samfuran ƙarshe.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi

10.1 Me ake nufi da "MatakinRayuwa: Sake Dubawa"?

Yana nufin ƙirar kayan aikin an canza ta bisa hukuma kuma an saki ta a matsayin sabuwar siga. Wannan mataki ne na samarwa mai kwanciyar hankali, wanda ya bambanta da matakan samfuri ko ƙarshen rayuwa.

10.2 Shin Sake Dubawa Na 2 ya dace da Sake Dubawa Na 1?

Ba lallai ba ne. Dole ne a tabbatar da dacewa ta hanyar tuntuɓar Odar Canjin Injiniya (ECO) ko taƙaitaccen bayanin canjin da ke cikakken bayanin bambance-bambance tsakanin sake dubawa. Kada a ɗauka cewa yana dacewa kai tsaye.

10.3 Lokacin Karewa shine "Har Abada." Shin wannan yana nufin kayan aikin ba zai taɓa zama tsoho ba?

A'a. "Har Abada" ya shafi ingancin takardun wannan takamaiman sake dubawa. Rayuwar samar da kayan aikin lamari ne na daban kuma za a sadar da shi ta hanyar sanarwar Dakatar da Samfur (PDN) ko Sayen Lokaci na Ƙarshe (LTB) a nan gaba.

10.4 Me ya sa alamar lokacin saki ta yi daidai har daƙiƙa?

Ana amfani da daidaitattun alamomin lokaci a cikin tsarin sarrafa takardu da sarrafa bayanan samfur (PDM) don gano ainihin abin da ya faru na saki, don guje wa ruɗani tsakanin takardun da aka saki a rana ɗaya.

11. Misalin Amfani na AikiLabari:
Wani injiniyan masana'antu yana shirya samarwa na na'urar likita da aka fara gina ta a cikin 2015. BOM ya jera muhimmin kewayon haɗin kai.Aiki:Injiniyan ya duba taken takardar bayanai na kayan aikin kuma ya tabbatar da cewaSake Dubawa Na 2 ne, Ranar Saki: 2014-06-10

. Sannan ya umurci ƙungiyar saye da ta samo kayan aiki waɗanda aka gano musamman a matsayin "Rev 2" ko tare da lambar ranar bayan Yuni 2014. Hakanan sun tabbatar da cewa umarnin haɗawa da hanyoyin gwaji da ke cikin fayil suna da alaƙa da Sake Dubawa Na 2. Wannan himma tana tabbatar da cewa sabbin raka'o'in samarwa sun yi daidai da ainihin raka'o'in da aka cancanta kuma aka amince da su na 2015, suna kiyaye bin ƙa'idodi da amincin samfur.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'idaKa'idar da aka nuna a nan ita cesarrafa tsari na hukuma

a cikin masana'antar lantarki. Kowane kayan aiki ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin abu na tsari tare da takamaiman alama (ciki har da sake dubawarsa). Duk wani canji ga ƙirar abu, kayan aiki, ko tsarin masana'antu yana haifar da sabon lambar sake dubawa. Wannan yana haifar da bayyanannen tarihi mai bincike kuma yana tabbatar da cewa duk masu ruwa da tsaki (ƙira, saye, masana'antu, inganci) sun yi daidai akan ainihin sigar sashi da ake amfani da shi. Bayanan da aka bayar shine mafi ƙarancin bayanan taken da ake buƙata don gano matsayin yanzu na abun tsari.

13. Trends na Ci Gaba

Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED

Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED

Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki

Kalma Naúrar/Wakilci Bayanin Sauri Me yasa yake da muhimmanci
Ingancin Hasken Wuta lm/W (lumen kowace watt) Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki.
Gudun Hasken Wuta lm (lumen) Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai.
Kusurwar Dubawa ° (digiri), misali 120° Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito.
Zafin Launi (CCT) K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace.
CI / Ra Ba naúrar, 0–100 Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi.
SDCM Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya.
Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya.
Rarraba Bakan Hasken Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi.

Ma'auni na Lantarki

Kalma Alamar Bayanin Sauri Abubuwan ƙira
Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba Vf Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere.
Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba If Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai.
Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini Ifp Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa.
Ƙarfin lantarki na baya Vr Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki.
Juriya na zafi Rth (°C/W) Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi.
Rigakafin ESD V (HBM), misali 1000V Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali.

Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa

Kalma Ma'aunin maɓalli Bayanin Sauri Tasiri
Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa Tj (°C) Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi.
Ragewar Lumen L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED.
Kula da Lumen % (misali 70%) Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci.
Canjin Launi Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa.
Tsufa na Zafi Lalacewar kayan aiki Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye.

Tufafi & Kayan Aiki

Kalma Nau'ikan gama gari Bayanin Sauri Siffofi & Aikace-aikace
Nau'in Kunshin EMC, PPA, Yumbu Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai.
Tsarin Guntu Gaba, Guntu Juyawa Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
Rufin Phosphor YAG, Silicate, Nitride Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI.
Ruwan tabarau/Optics Lefi, Microlens, TIR Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske.

Kula da Inganci & Rarraba

Kalma Abun rarraba Bayanin Sauri Manufa
Kwalin Gudun Hasken Lambar misali 2G, 2H An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya.
Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki Lambar misali 6W, 6X An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin.
Kwalin Launi Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin.
Kwalin CCT 2700K, 3000K da sauransu An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban.

Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida

Kalma Matsakaicin/Gwaji Bayanin Sauri Muhimmanci
LM-80 Gwajin kula da lumen Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21).
TM-21 Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa.
IESNA Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince.
RoHS / REACH Tabbatarwar muhalli Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya.
ENERGY STAR / DLC Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa.