T12 Jerin Flip Chip LED Bayani - 10W Fari - 9 LED a Jere - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

T12 jerin yana wakiltar babban ƙarfi, surface-mount LED module ta amfani da fasahar flip-chip. Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na nau'in haske mai 10W wanda aka tsara tare da 9 LED chips masu haɗuwa a jere. Ƙirar flip-chip tana ba da ingantaccen aikin zafin jiki da aminci ta hanyar haɗa kai tsaye semiconductor die zuwa substrate, inganta zubar da zafi da rage juriyar zafi.

Wannan LED module an ƙera shi don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar fitar da haske mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, kamar hasken masana'antu, kayan hasken babban bay, hasken waje, da fitilun musamman. Tsarin sa na jere yana sauƙaƙe ƙirar direba ta hanyar buƙatar mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki a cikin sarrafa halin yanzu.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'aunin Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici (T_s=25°C)

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin aiki wanda za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga LED. Waɗannan ba shawarar yanayin aiki ba ne.

• Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_F):700 mA (DC)
• Halin Yanzu na Gaba na Pulse (I_FP):700 mA (Fadin Pulse ≤10ms, Tsarin Aiki ≤1/10)
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_D):20300 mW (20.3W)
• Yanayin Zafin Aiki (T_opr):-40°C zuwa +100°C
• Yanayin Zafin Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +100°C
• Yanayin Zafin Junction (T_j):125°C (Matsakaicin)
• Yanayin Zafin Solder (T_sld):Reflow soldering a 230°C ko 260°C na matsakaicin 10 seconds.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani (T_s=25°C)

Waɗannan su ne ƙimar na yau da kullun da matsakaicin ƙima a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji, suna wakiltar aikin da ake tsammani.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):Na yau da kullun 27V, Matsakaicin 29V (a I_F=350mA). Babban ƙarfin lantarki yana faruwa saboda tsarin jere na 9.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R):5V (Matsakaicin)
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (I_R):100 µA (Matsakaicin) a V_R=5V.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):130° (Na yau da kullun). Wannan yana nuna faɗin tsarin haske wanda ya dace da hasken yanki.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

3.1 Binning Zafin Launi Mai Alaka (CCT)

Ana ba da samfurin a cikin da'irar CCT na yau da kullun. Kowane kwandon yana dacewa da takamaiman yanki na chromaticity akan zanen CIE, yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin guntu. Zaɓuɓɓukan oda na yau da kullun sune:

• 2700K:Yankunan chromaticity 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D (Fari mai Dumi)
• 3000K:Yankunan chromaticity 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D (Fari mai Dumi)
• 3500K:Yankunan chromaticity 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D (Fari Mai Tsaka-tsaki)
• 4000K:Yankunan chromaticity 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D (Fari Mai Tsaka-tsaki)
• 4500K:Yankunan chromaticity 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4R, 4S, 4T, 4U (Fari Mai Sanyi)
• 5000K:Yankunan chromaticity 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3R, 3S, 3T, 3U (Fari Mai Sanyi)
• 5700K:Yankunan chromaticity 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2R, 2S, 2T, 2U (Hasken Rana)
• 6500K:Yankunan chromaticity 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1R, 1S, 1T, 1U (Hasken Rana)

Lura: Binning yana ayyana kewayon daidaitawar launi da aka halatta, ba maki ɗaya ba.

3.2 Binning Flux na Hasken

Ana binning flux na haske bisa mafi ƙarancin ƙima a gwajin halin yanzu na 350mA. Ainihin flux na iya wuce mafi ƙarancin ƙimar da aka oda amma zai kasance a cikin ƙayyadaddun kwandon CCT.

• Fari mai Dumi (2700K-3700K), CRI ≥70:
  • Lambar 3H: 800 lm (Min), 900 lm (Typ)
  • Lambar 3J: 900 lm (Min), 1000 lm (Typ)
• Fari Mai Tsaka-tsaki (3700K-5000K), CRI ≥70:
  • Lambar 3H: 800 lm (Min), 900 lm (Typ)
  • Lambar 3J: 900 lm (Min), 1000 lm (Typ)
• Fari Mai Sanyi (5000K-10000K), CRI ≥70:
  • Lambar 3J: 900 lm (Min), 1000 lm (Typ)
  • Lambar 3K: 1000 lm (Min), 1100 lm (Typ)

Tolerances:Flux na haske: ±7%; CRI (Fihirisar Fitar da Launi): ±2; Ma'auni na chromaticity: ±0.005.

4. Binciken Lanƙwasai na Aiki

4.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Lanƙwasa I-V ba ta layi ba ce, na yau da kullun na diode. A shawarar halin yanzu na aiki na 350mA, ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na yau da kullun shine 27V. Lanƙwasa ta nuna cewa ƙaramin ƙari a cikin ƙarfin lantarki bayan madaidaicin maki yana haifar da haɓakar saurin halin yanzu, yana nuna mahimmancin tuƙi na yau da kullun don aiki mai ƙarfi da tsawon rai.

4.2 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Dangin Flux na Hasken

Wannan lanƙwasa tana nuna alaƙa tsakanin halin yanzu na tuƙi da fitar da haske. Flux na haske yana ƙaruwa kusan layi tare da halin yanzu a cikin kewayon aiki na yau da kullun. Duk da haka, tuƙi LED a halin yanzu mafi girma fiye da shawarar (misali, 700mA) na iya haifar da raguwar dawowa a cikin inganci (inganci a cikin lm/W) kuma yana ƙara yawan zafin jiki sosai, yana haɓaka raguwar lumen da rage tsawon rai.

4.3 Zafin Junction vs. Dangin Ƙarfin Spectral

Yayin da zafin jiki (T_j) yana ƙaruwa, rarraba ƙarfin spectral na fari LED (yawanci shuɗi die tare da phosphor) na iya canzawa. Wannan sau da yawa yana bayyana azaman raguwar ƙarfin haske a wasu tsayin daka da yuwuwar canji a cikin zafin launi mai alaƙa (CCT). Gudanar da zafin jiki mai inganci yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye launi mai ƙarfi da fitar da haske akan lokaci.

4.4 Rarraba Ƙarfin Spectral Dangane

Lanƙwasa spectral don fari LED yana nuna kololuwar rinjaye a yankin shuɗi (daga guntu na InGaN) da faɗaɗɗen band ɗin fitarwa a yankin rawaya/kore/ja (daga rufin phosphor). Ainihin siffa tana ƙayyade CCT da CRI. Faɗaɗa da santsi fitar da phosphor yana ba da gudummawa ga mafi girman CRI.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

5.1 Zanen Tsarin Marufi

Ana ba da girman jiki na LED module a cikin zanen bayanin bayanai. Fitattun siffofi na injina sun haɗa da tsawon gabaɗaya, faɗi, da tsayi, da kuma wuri da girman filayen solder. An tsara fakitin don haɗin fasahar surface-mount (SMT).

An ba da cikakkun zane-zane don tsarin ƙasa na PCB (sawun ƙafa) da stencil na man guduro. Yin bin waɗannan shawarwari yana da mahimmanci don cimma ingantaccen samuwar haɗin gwiwa, daidaitawa, da haɗin injiniya mai dogaro. Ƙirar pad tana tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin lantarki kuma tana taimakawa wajen canja wurin zafi daga LED zuwa PCB. Haƙuri don waɗannan girma yawanci ±0.10mm.

Gano Polariti:

Tashoshin anode (+) da cathode (-) an yi musu alama a sarari akan fakitin ko an nuna su a cikin zanen sawun ƙafa. Daidai polarity yana da mahimmanci don aiki.6. Jagororin Solder da Taro

6.1 Ma'aunin Reflow Solder

LED ya dace da daidaitattun hanyoyin reflow solder na infrared ko convection. Matsakaicin yanayin zafin jiki da aka halatta yayin solder shine 230°C ko 260°C, tare da lokacin bayyanawa a kololuwar zafin jiki bai wuce dakika 10 ba. Yana da mahimmanci a bi bayanin martaba na zafin jiki wanda ke dumama taron yadda ya kamata don rage girgizar zafi.

6.2 Kula da Sarrafawa da Ajiya

Hankalin ESD:

• LEDs na'urori masu hankali ne. Yi amfani da matakan kariya na ESD masu dacewa yayin sarrafawa da taro.Hankalin Danshi:
• Fakitin na iya samun matakin hankali na danshi (MSL). Idan an ƙayyade, bi buƙatun gasa da rayuwar bene kafin reflow.Yanayin Ajiya:
• Ajiye a cikin yanayin bushewa, duhu a cikin ƙayyadaddun kewayon zafin jiki (-40°C zuwa +100°C). Guji bayyanar da iskar gas mai lalata.Tsaftacewa:
• Idan tsaftacewa ya zama dole bayan solder, yi amfani da kaushi masu dacewa da hanyoyin da ba su lalata ruwan tabarau na LED ko kayan silicone ba.7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Babban Bay da Hasken Masana'antu:

• Yana amfani da fitar da lumen mai ƙarfi da ƙirar ƙarfi.Hasken Yankin Waje:
• Fitilun titi, fitilun filin ajiye motoci, hasken filin wasa.Fitilun Musamman na Flux:
• Fitilun girma, na'urorin nunin fim, hasken dandali.Hasken Gine-gine da Kasuwanci:
• Inda aka fifita inganci mai ƙarfi da tsawon rai.7.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

Gudanar da Zafin Jiki:

• Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin abu guda ɗaya don aiki da tsawon rai. Ƙirar PCB da heatsink don kiyaye zafin jiki na LED junction (T) ƙasa da matsakaicin ƙimar 125°C, a zahiri ƙasa da 85°C don mafi kyawun tsawon rai. Yi amfani da hanyoyin zafi, PCBs na ƙarfe-core (MCPCBs), ko sanyaya mai aiki kamar yadda ake buƙata._jHalin Yanzu na Tuƙi:
• Yi amfani da direban LED na yau da kullun wanda aka ƙididdige shi don kewayon ƙarfin lantarki da ake buƙata (bisa V). Ana ba da shawarar yin aiki a ko ƙasa da halin yanzu na yau da kullun na 350mA don daidaiton fitarwa, inganci, da tsawon rai. Rage halin yanzu yana ƙara tsawon rai sosai._FƘirar Gani:
• Faɗin kusurwar kallo na 130° na iya buƙatar na'urori na gani na biyu (ruwan tabarau, masu nunawa) don cimma tsarin haske da ake so don aikace-aikacen.Kariyar Lantarki:
• Yi la'akari da kariya daga polariti na baya, wuce gona da iri na wuce gona da iri, da zubar da wutar lantarki (ESD) akan layukan shigarwa.8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Flip-Chip vs. LED na Al'ada Mai Haɗin Waya:

Aikin Zafin Jiki:

• Haɗin flip-chip yana ba da gajeriyar hanya, mafi kai tsaye daga mahaɗin aiki zuwa substrate/heat sink, yana haifar da ƙananan juriya na zafi (Rth_{). Wannan yana ba da damar mafi girman halayen tuƙi ko ingantaccen tsawon rai a halin yanzu ɗaya.}Dogaro:
• Yana kawar da haɗin waya, waɗanda za su iya zama wuraren gazawa saboda kewayawar zafi, girgiza, ko ƙaura na lantarki.Yada Halin Yanzu:
• Sau da yawa yana haɗa mafi kyawun Layer na yada halin yanzu a ƙarƙashin mutu, yana haifar da fitar da haske mafi daidaito da yuwuwar inganci mafi girma.Ƙirar Gani:
• Zai iya ba da damar ƙarin ƙaƙƙarfan fakitin ko fasali daban-daban na cire haske.Tsarin Jere (9-a-Jere):

Yana sauƙaƙe ƙirar direba don aikace-aikacen babban ƙarfin lantarki, ƙananan halin yanzu, sau da yawa yana inganta ingancin direba idan aka kwatanta da tuƙi da yawa layi.9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)

9.1 Menene halin yanzu na aiki da aka shawarata?

Bayanin bayanai ya ƙayyade halaye a 350mA, wanda shine wurin aiki na yau da kullun da aka shawarata. Ana iya tuƙi shi har zuwa matsakaicin matsakaicin 700mA, amma wannan zai ƙara yawan zafin jiki sosai kuma yana rage tsawon rai. Don mafi kyawun tsawon rai da inganci, ana ba da shawarar yin aiki a ko ƙasa da 350mA.

9.2 Me yasa ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yake da yawa (~27V)?

Module ɗin ya ƙunshi 9 guntu LED guda ɗaya waɗanda aka haɗa su a jere. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na kowane guntu yana ƙaruwa. Guntu na fari na yau da kullun yana da V

na kusan 3V; 9 * 3V = 27V._F9.3 Ta yaya zan zaɓi daidai kwandon CCT?

Zaɓi CCT na ƙima (misali, 4000K) bisa ga yanayin da ake buƙata da fitar da launi na aikace-aikacenku. Yankunan chromaticity masu alaƙa (misali, 5A-5D) suna tabbatar da daidaiton launi. Don aikace-aikacen daidaita launi mai mahimmanci, nemi ƙarin binning ko zaɓi daga guntu ɗaya na samarwa.

9.4 Wane heatsink ake buƙata?

Heatsink da ake buƙata ya dogara da halin yanzu na aiki, yanayin yanayi, T

da ake so, da juriyar zafi na PCB ɗinku da kayan mu'amala. Dole ne ku yi lissafin zafin jiki bisa ga jimillar watsi da wutar lantarki (V_j* I_F) da maƙasudin juriya na zafi daga junction zuwa yanayi (R_FθJA_).9.5 Zan iya amfani da PWM don duhu?

Ee, pulse-width modulation (PWM) hanya ce mai inganci ta duhu don LEDs. Tabbatar cewa mitar PWM ya isa girma (yawanci >100Hz) don guje wa kallon flicker. Direba ya kamata a tsara shi don shigarwar PWM ko ya sami keɓantaccen mu'amala mai duhu.

10. Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira mai Amfani

Yanayi:

Ƙirar fitilar babban bay mai 100W ta amfani da nau'ikan T12 da yawa.Matakan Ƙira:

Ƙidaya Module:

1. Manufa 100W gabaɗaya. Kowane module a 350mA yana cinye ~9.45W (27V * 0.35A). Yi amfani da modules 10 don ~94.5W.Zaɓin Direba:
2. Ana buƙatar direba na yau da kullun don modules 10 masu haɗuwa a jere. Ana buƙatar kewayon fitarwa: 10 * (27V zuwa 29V) = 270V zuwa 290V. Halin yanzu da ake buƙata: 350mA. Zaɓi direba wanda aka ƙididdige shi don >290V, 350mA.Ƙirar Zafin Jiki:
3. Jimillar watsi ~94.5W. Yi amfani da PCB na ƙarfe-core (MCPCB) wanda aka ɗora akan babban heatsink na aluminum. Lissafa RθSA_{(sink-to-yanayi) bisa matsakaicin zafin yanayi (misali, 50°C) da manufa T}(misali, 90°C), yana la'akari da R_jθJC_{da R}θCS_{daga LED da mu'amala.}Na'urori na Gani:
4. Don babban bay, ana son matsakaicin kusurwar katako (misali, 60°-90°). Zaɓi ruwan tabarau na biyu ko masu nunawa masu dacewa da sawun ƙafa na module don kunkuntar katako daga asalin 130°.Shimfidar PCB:
5. Bi shimfidar pad da aka shawarata. Tabbatar da ƙaƙƙarfan alamun tagulla don ɗaukar halin yanzu. Aiwatar da tsarin taimakon zafi don solder amma ƙara yawan zubar da tagulla don yada zafi.11. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Fasaha

Fasahar Flip-Chip LED:

A cikin LED na al'ada, ana girma Layer na semiconductor akan substrate, kuma ana yin haɗin lantarki ta hanyar haɗin waya zuwa saman mutu. A cikin ƙirar flip-chip, bayan girma, an "jujjuya" mutu kuma an haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa carrier substrate (kamar yumbu ko silicon sub-mount) ta amfani da ƙullun solder. Wannan yana sanya yankin fitar da haske mai aiki kusa da hanyar zafi. Ana fitar da haske ta substrate (wanda dole ne ya zama mai bayyana, kamar sapphire) ko ta gefen idan an cire substrate. Wannan tsarin yana inganta zubar da zafi, yana ba da damar mafi girman yawan halin yanzu, kuma yana haɓaka aminci ta hanyar cire haɗin waya mai rauni.Samar da Hasken Fari:

Yawancin fararen LEDs suna amfani da guntu na indium gallium nitride (InGaN) mai fitar da shuɗi. Wani ɓangare na hasken shuɗi yana sha ta hanyar Layer na kayan phosphor (yawanci yttrium aluminum garnet da aka lalata da cerium, YAG:Ce) da aka lulluɓe akan ko kewaye da guntu. Phosphor yana jujjuya wasu hasken shuɗi zuwa hasken rawaya. Cakuda sauran hasken shuɗi da hasken rawaya da aka samar idon ɗan adam yana ganinsa a matsayin fari. Daidaita abun da ke ciki na phosphor da kauri yana sarrafa CCT da CRI.12. Trends na Masana'antu da Ci gaba

Haɓaka Ingantaccen (lm/W):

Babban trend yana ci gaba da zama ƙara ingancin haske, rage adadin makamashi da ake buƙata kowace raka'a na haske. Ana cimma wannan ta hanyar inganta ingantaccen ƙididdiga na ciki (IQE), ingancin cire haske, da ingancin jujjuyawar phosphor.Babban Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki & Ƙananan Girma:

Akwai turawa don tattara ƙarin lumens cikin ƙananan fakitoci, wanda aikace-aikace kamar fitilun motoci, micro-projectors, da fitilun da ba su da ƙarfi suka motsa. Fasahar Flip-chip da chip-scale package (CSP) sune maɓuɓɓuka masu mahimmanci.Ingantaccen Ingancin Launi da Daidaito:

Buƙatar babban CRI (Ra >90, R9 >50) da daidaiton maki launi a cikin guntu da tsawon rai yana ƙaruwa, musamman a cikin tallace-tallace, gidan kayan tarihi, da hasken kiwon lafiya.Dogaro da Tsawon Rai:

Mayar da hankali kan fahimta da rage hanyoyin gazawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai zafi, zafi mai yawa, da yanayin damuwa na halin yanzu don tabbatar da tsawon rayuwar L70/B50 (lokacin zuwa 70% kula da lumen don 50% na yawan jama'a).Hasken Wayo da Haɗin kai:

Haɗa na'urorin sarrafa lantarki, na'urori masu auna firikwensin, da hanyoyin sadarwa kai tsaye tare da modules LED yana zama gama gari, yana ba da damar tsarin haske na tushen IoT.Spectra na Musamman:

Haɓaka LEDs tare da fitar da spectral da aka keɓance don hasken mai da hankali kan ɗan adam (HCL), noma (fitilun girma), da aikace-aikacen likita.Development of LEDs with tailored spectral outputs for human-centric lighting (HCL), horticulture (grow lights), and medical applications.