Fitilar LED T1 3mm & T1 3/4 5mm Ta Tsallake Rami - Ja Mai Tsananin Zafi zuwa Kore - 20mA 2.4V - Takardun Bayanan Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyane Game da Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da dangin fitilun LED na gama-gari da ake samu a cikin manyan girma biyu na masana'antu: T1 (3mm) da T1 3/4 (5mm). An ƙera waɗannan na'urori don samar da matakan ƙarfin haske mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da fitilun LED na nuni na asali, wanda ya sa su dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingantacciyar ganuwa. Babban abin da ke samar da haske shi ne Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) da aka girma akan tushen Gallium Arsenide, fasaha da aka sani da ingantacciyar aiki da kyakkyawan tsabtar launi a cikin bakan launin ja zuwa kore.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

Babban fa'idodin wannan jerin fitilun LED sun haɗa da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, samar da ƙarfin haske mai ƙarfi, da ingantacciyar aiki. Ana ba da su tare da zaɓuɓɓukan launuka daban-daban na ruwan tabarau waɗanda suka dace da launukan tushe daban-daban, suna ba da sassaucin ƙira. Matsakaicin kusurwar kallo na digiri 45 yana tabbatar da tsarin fitar da haske mai faɗi da daidaito.

1.2 Aikace-aikacen da Ake Nufi

An ƙera waɗannan fitilun LED don fitilun nuni na gama-gari da nunin yanayi a cikin kayan lantarki masu yawa na masu amfani, kwamitocin sarrafa masana'antu, hasken cikin mota, da alamun kayan aiki inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen sigina mai haske.

2. Zurfin Bincike Kan Ma'auni na Fasaha

Sasannin masu zuwa suna ba da cikakken bincike, mai ma'ana game da mahimman ma'auni na fasaha da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardar bayanai.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici yana ayyana iyakokin damuwa wanda bayansa lalacewa ta dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ga duk bambance-bambancen launi a cikin wannan jerin, ci gaba da halin yanzu na gaba an ƙididdige shi a 30 mA a yanayin yanayi (T_A) na 25°C. Ragewar wutar lantarki shine 75 mW. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba na 90 mA (don bambance-bambancen ja) ko 60 mA (don amber, rawaya, bambance-bambancen kore) yana yiwuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms). Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya shine 5V. Yanayin aiki da ajiya an ƙayyade daga -40°C zuwa +100°C. Ma'aunin rage ƙimar halin yanzu na gaba shine 0.4 mA/°C a layi daya daga 70°C, ma'ana yawan halin yanzu da ake iya ci gaba da raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi sama da wannan batu don hana yin zafi sosai.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki & Na Gani

Ana auna halayen lantarki da na gani a T_A=25°C tare da daidaitaccen gwajin gwaji (I_F) na 20 mA. An gabatar da bayanan daban don fakitin 3mm (Jerin F, lambobin sassa waɗanda suka fara da LTL1CHJ) da 5mm (Jerin H, lambobin sassa waɗanda suka fara da LTL2F7J), amma ƙimomin sun yi daidai da launuka masu daidaito.

2.2.1 Ƙarfin Hasken (I_v)

Ƙarfin hasken, ma'aunin hasken da ake gani, yana da mafi ƙarancin ƙayyadaddun ƙima na 65 mcd ga kowane nau'in launi. Ƙimar yau da kullun ta bambanta da launi: Ja Mai Tsananin Zafi (LTLxCHJDTNN/xF7JDTNN) shine 120 mcd, Ja Mai Girma (LTLxCHJRTNN/xF7JRTNN) shine 140 mcd, yayin da Ja, Amber, Yellow, da bambance-bambancen Kore (LTLxCHJETNN/FTNN/YTNN/STNN/GTNN) suna da matsakaicin ƙarfi na 180 mcd. Samfuran suna goyan bayan tsarin rarrabuwa biyu don ƙarfin haske, tare da takamaiman lambar matsayi da aka yiwa alama akan marufi.

2.2.2 Ma'aunin Tsawon Tsawon

Ma'auni uku masu mahimmanci suna ayyana fitar da launi:

• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_P):Tsawon tsawon lokacin da rarraba ƙarfin bakan ya fi girma. Ya bambanta daga 650 nm (Ja Mai Tsananin Zafi) zuwa 575 nm (Kore).
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_d):An samo shi daga zanen launi na CIE, wannan yana wakiltar tsawon tsawon guda ɗaya wanda ya fi dacewa ya ayyana launin da ake gani na LED. Gabaɗaya yana ɗan gajarta fiye da tsayin tsayin tsaki don waɗannan na'urori, misali, 639 nm don Ja Mai Tsananin Zafi, 624 nm don Ja, 605 nm don Amber, zuwa 572 nm don Kore.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):Cikakken faɗi a rabin matsakaici (FWHM) na bakan fitarwa, yana nuna tsabtar launi. Yana da 20 nm don bambance-bambancen ja, 17 nm don amber, da 15 nm don rawaya da bambance-bambancen kore.

2.2.3 Ma'auni na Lantarki

Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) a I_F=20 mA yana da matsakaicin ƙima tsakanin 2.3V zuwa 2.4V dangane da launi, tare da ƙimar yau da kullun kusan 2.0V zuwa 2.05V. An tabbatar da halin yanzu na baya (I_R) ya zama 100 μA matsakaici a ƙarfin lantarki na baya (V_R) na 5V. Ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa (C) yawanci shine 40 pF lokacin da aka auna shi a 0V bias da mitar 1 MHz.

2.2.4 Kusurwar Dubawa

Kusurwar kallo, wanda aka ayyana shi azaman 2θ_1/2(ninki biyu na rabin kusurwa), shine digiri 45. θ_1/2shine kusurwar da ba ta kan axis ba inda ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar sa na axial (a tsakiya). Wannan yana haifar da katako mai matsakaicin faɗi wanda ya dace da nuni na gama gari.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

Takardar bayanai tana nuna amfani da tsarin rarrabawa da farko don ƙarfin haske. Ana rarraba samfuran zuwa matsayi biyu na ƙarfi. Takamaiman lambar matsayi (lambar rarrabuwa Iv) ana yiwa alama akan kowace jakar tattarawa. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar fitilun LED tare da matakan haske masu daidaito don aikace-aikacensu. Duk da yake ba a yi cikakken bayani game da tsawon tsawon ko ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a cikin wannan takarda ba, yawanci hanyoyin masana'antu don irin waɗannan fitilun LED sau da yawa sun haɗa da kwandon ajiya don tsayin tsayin da V_Fdon tabbatar da daidaiton launi da lantarki.

4. Bincike Kan Lankwalin Aiki

Takardar bayanai tana nuni zuwa lankwalan halaye na lantarki/na gani na yau da kullun akan shafi na ƙarshe. Duk da yake ba a ba da takamaiman zane-zane a cikin abun cikin rubutu ba, daidaitattun lankwalan don irin waɗannan fitilun LED za su haɗa da:

• Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lankwalan I-V):Yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni, mai mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irori masu iyakance halin yanzu.
• Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba:Yana nuna yadda haske ke ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu, har zuwa matsakaicin iyakokin da aka ƙayyade.
• Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Yanayin Yanayi:Yana nuna rage fitar da haske yayin da yanayin aiki ya ƙaru.
• Rarraba Ƙarfin Bakan:Zanen ƙarfin dangi da tsawon tsawon, yana nuna kololuwa da siffar bakan fitarwa don kowane launi.

5. Bayanin Injiniya & Fakitin

5.1 Girman Fakitin

An ba da cikakkun zane-zane masu girma don duka fakitin T1 (Jerin LTL1CHx) da T1 3/4 (Jerin LTL2F7x). Mahimman girma sun haɗa da diamita na jiki (kusan 3mm da 5mm bi da bi), jimlar tsayi, da tazarar jagora. Ana auna jagororin inda suka fito daga jikin fakitin. An lura da matsakaicin tsinkaya na guduro a ƙarƙashin gefen 1.0mm. Duk girma suna cikin milimita tare da daidaitaccen haƙuri na ±0.25mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade.

5.2 Gano Polarity

Don fitilun LED masu tsallake rami, ana nuna polarity ta hanyar fasaloli biyu: mafi tsayin jagora yana nuna anode (tabbatacce), kuma gefen lebur a bakin ruwan tabarau na LED ko tsaga a kan gefen filastik sau da yawa yana nuna gefen cathode (maras kyau). Ya kamata a tabbatar da takamaiman alama akan zanen fakitin.

6. Jagororin Solder & Taro

Takardar bayanai ta ƙayyade zafin jiki na jagora na 260°C don matsakaicin tsawon lokaci na dakika 5, wanda aka auna a nisan 1.6mm (0.063") daga jikin LED. Wannan ma'auni ne mai mahimmanci don hana lalacewar zafi ga die na semiconductor na ciki da ruwan tabarau na epoxy. Lokacin amfani da igiyar ruwa ko solder na hannu, dole ne a kula da bin wannan bayanin lokaci-zafin jiki. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da mai sanyaya zafi (misali, matsi) akan jagora tsakanin wurin solder da jikin LED idan ana tsammanin zafi mai tsayi.

7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

7.1 Dokar Lambar Sashi

Lambar sashi tana bin tsari: LTL [Lambar Jerin] [Lambar Launi/Ƙarfi] TNN.

• LTL:Prefix na dangin samfur.
• Lambar Jerin:1CHJ don 3mm (Jerin F), 2F7J don 5mm (Jerin H).
• Lambar Launi:Harafin kafin \"TNN\" yana nuna launi da nau'in (misali, D don Ja Mai Tsananin Zafi, R don Ja Mai Girma, E don Ja, F don Amber, Y don Amber Yellow, S don Yellow, G don Kore).
• TNN:Kari na gama gari don wannan jerin.

7.2 Ƙayyadaddun Tattarawa

Lambar matsayi na ƙarfin haske (rarrabuwar Iv) ana yiwa alama akan kowace jakar tattarawa. Daidaitaccen marufi don irin waɗannan sassa yawanci akan tef ɗin tef ko a cikin jakunkuna masu yawa, kodayake ba a yi cikakken bayani game da adadin a cikin wannan ɓangaren ba.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun

Waɗannan fitilun LED suna buƙatar resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere lokacin haɗawa zuwa tushen wutar lantarki. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F. Yin amfani da matsakaicin V_Fdaga takardar bayanai a cikin wannan lissafin yana tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu bai wuce ƙimar da ake so ba ko da tare da bambancin na'ura-zuwa-na'ura. Don wadata 5V da fitilar LED Ja ta yau da kullun (V_F~2.4V matsakaici) a 20mA, resistor zai zama R = (5 - 2.4) / 0.02 = 130 Ω. Daidaitaccen resistor 130Ω ko 150Ω zai dace.

8.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

• Tuƙi na Halin Yanzu:Koyaushe tuƙi fitilun LED tare da sarrafa halin yanzu, ba ƙayyadadden ƙarfin lantarki ba. Yi amfani da resistor na jere ko direba mai ci gaba da halin yanzu.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Duk da yake rage wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa, yin aiki a yanayin zafi mai girma (kusa da 100°C) yana buƙatar rage ƙimar halin yanzu na gaba kamar yadda jagorar 0.4 mA/°C ta nuna sama da 70°C.
• Kariya daga Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya:Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya shine 5V kawai. Idan akwai yuwuwar karkatar da lantarki a cikin da'ira (misali, a cikin AC ko aikace-aikacen da aka yi rikodin), ya kamata a yi amfani da diode na kariya na waje.
• Kusurwar Dubawa:Kusurwar kallo na digiri 45 yana ba da katako mai faɗi. Don ƙarin haske mai jagora, ƙila a buƙaci na'urorin gani na biyu.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohin fitilun LED kamar Gallium Phosphide (GaP), waɗannan fitilun LED na tushen AlInGaP suna ba da ingantacciyar inganci mai haske sosai, wanda ke haifar da fitarwa mai haske a halin yanzu ɗaya. Iri-iri na takamaiman launuka a cikin bakan ja-orange-yellow-kore, kowannensu yana da ƙayyadadden tsawon tsawon da tsarki, yana ba da damar ingantaccen sigina na launi da nuni. Samun dama a cikin manyan girma guda biyu na gama gari (3mm da 5mm) yana ba da daidaitaccen daidaito tare da ɗimbin sawun PCB da yankewa na panel.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin Tsayin Tsayin Kololuwa da Tsayin Tsayin Rinjaye?

A: Tsayin tsayin kololuwa shine kololuwar zahiri na hasken da aka fitar. Tsayin tsayin rinjaye shine wurin launin da ake gani akan ginshiƙin CIE. Ga fitilun LED, musamman tare da faffadan bakan, suna iya bambanta. Tsayin tsayin rinjaye ya fi dacewa don daidaita launi.

Q: Zan iya tuƙi wannan LED a 30mA ci gaba?

A: Ee, 30mA shine matsakaicin ƙimar halin yanzu na DC a 25°C. Koyaya, idan yanayin yanayi ya wuce 70°C, dole ne a rage halin yanzu bisa ga ma'aunin rage ƙima (0.4 mA/°C) don gujewa wucewa matsakaicin zafin jiki na haɗin gwiwa.

Q: An kwatanta ruwan tabarau a matsayin \"Mai Bayyane\". Me yasa akwai launuka daban-daban?

A: Kayan ruwan tabarau da kansa epoxy ne mai tsabta. Launi yana ƙayyade ta kayan semiconductor (AlInGaP) wanda ke fitar da hasken launi, kuma wani lokacin ta ƙarin abubuwan da aka saka ko kayan canzawa a cikin ɗaukar hoto. Zaɓin \"ruwan tabarau mai launi\" yana nufin launin hasken da aka fitar, ba mai tace launi ba.

Q: Ta yaya zan gano anode da cathode?

A: Mafi tsayin jagora shine anode (+). A gani, kallon LED daga sama, gefen lebur a bakin ruwan tabarau ko gefen yawanci yayi daidai da cathode (-). Koyaushe koma ga zanen fakitin don tabbataccen alama.

11. Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi: Ƙirar panel mai nuna matsayi da yawa don mai sarrafa masana'antu.Panel yana buƙatar takamaiman, launuka masu haske don \"Kunna Wutar Lantarki\" (Kore), \"Jiran Aiki\" (Amber), \"Kuskure\" (Ja), da \"Sadarwa Mai Aiki\" (Yellow Mai Walƙiya). Wannan jerin fitilun LED yana da kyau. Mai zane zai zaɓi LTLxCHJGTNN (Kore), LTLxCHJFTNN (Amber), LTLxCHJETNN (Ja), da LTLxCHJSTNN (Yellow). Yin amfani da daidaitaccen halin yanzu na tuƙi na 20mA yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar da'irar direba (mai sarrafa microcontroller tare da resistors masu iyakance halin yanzu). Kusurwar kallo na digiri 45 yana tabbatar da cewa alamun suna bayyane daga wurare da yawa na ma'aikata. Babban ƙarfin haske (65-180 mcd) yana ba da garantin ganuwa ko da a cikin yanayin masana'antu masu haske.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Fasaha

Waɗannan fitilun LED sun dogara ne akan kayan semiconductor na Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) waɗanda aka girma epitaxially akan tushen Gallium Arsenide (GaAs). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin gwiwar p-n, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yanki mai aiki inda suke sake haɗuwa. Wannan tsarin sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman makamashin bandgap na gawa na AlInGaP, wanda za'a iya daidaita shi ta hanyar bambance bambance-bambancen Aluminum, Indium, Gallium, da Phosphorus, yana ƙayyade tsawon tsawon (launi) na hasken da aka fitar. Wannan tsarin kayan yana da inganci musamman don samar da haske mai ƙarfi a cikin ja, orange, amber, da sassan kore-rawaya na bakan gani.

13. Trends na Ci gaban Fasaha

Gabaɗaya yanayin fasahar LED yana zuwa ga ingantacciyar inganci (ƙarin lumens kowace watt), ƙara amincin, da ƙarancin farashi. Don fitilun LED masu tsallake rami kamar waɗannan, ci gaba sau da yawa yana mai da hankali kan inganta tsarin girma na epitaxial don samar da mafi girman ƙarfin haske daga girman guntu ɗaya da halin yanzu, da inganta kayan rufaffiyar filastik don ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na zafi da daidaiton launi a tsawon rayuwa. Duk da yake fakitin na'urar da aka ɗora a saman (SMD) sun mamaye sabbin ƙira don ƙananan ƙira, fitilun LED masu tsallake rami suna da mahimmanci don ƙirar ƙira, gyara, tsarin gado, da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingantaccen ɗora injina ko mafi girman haske guda ɗaya daga wani sashi mai hankali.