Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 2. Halayen Hasken da Lantarki
- 2.1 Ƙarfin Gaba (VF)
- 2.2 Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (λD)
- 2.3 Ƙarfin Haske (IV)
- 2.4 Sauran Sigogi
- 3. Tsarin Rarraba
- 4. Lafiyayyun Halayen Hasken Misali
- 4.1 Ƙarfin Gaba da Halin Gaba
- 4.2 Ƙarfin Dangi da Halin Gaba
- 4.3 Zazzabin Fetur da Ƙarfin Dangi
- 4.4 Zazzabin Fetur da Halin Gaba
- 4.5 Halin Gaba da Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye
- 4.6 Ƙarfin Dangi da Tsawon Zango
- 4.7 Tsarin Radiyoyi
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi
- 5.1 Girman Kunshin
- 5.2 Tef ɗin Jigilar da Reel
- 5.3 Bayanin Lakabin
- 6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗuwa
- 6.1 Bayanin Solder Reflow
- 6.2 Solder da Hannu
- 6.3 Ajiye da Gudanar da Danshi
- 7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda
- 8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace
- 9. Kariyar Mu'amala
- 10. Dogaro da Inganci
- Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
- Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
- Ma'auni na Lantarki
- Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
- Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
- Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
- Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
1. Bayanin Samfur
Wannan LED chip koren an ƙera shi ta amfani da chip LED kore mai ƙarfin gaske kuma an rufe shi a cikin ƙaramin kunshin hawa na saman 1.6mm x 0.8mm x 0.4mm. Na'urar tana ba da tsawon zango mai rinjaye daga 525nm zuwa 535nm, wanda ya sa ta dace da aikace-aikacen nuni da nuni daban-daban. Tare da kusurwar kallo mai faɗi sosai na 140° da ƙaramin ƙarfin gaba wanda ya fara daga 2.3V, tana ba da aikin gani mai kyau don amfani gabaɗaya.
An tsara LED ɗin don haɗa SMT mai sarrafa kansa kuma yana dacewa da matakan reflow soldering na yau da kullun. An rarraba shi azaman matakin hankali na danshi 3 (MSL 3) kuma ya bi ka'idojin RoHS gaba ɗaya. Matsakaicin ƙimar da ba za a iya wucewa ba sun haɗa da ɓatar da wutar 60mW, halin gaba 20mA (kololuwa 60mA), da kewayon zafin aiki daga -40°C zuwa +85°C.
2. Halayen Hasken da Lantarki
Tebu mai zuwa ya taƙaita mahimman sigogin haske da lantarki a zazzabin yanayi na 25°C da halin gwaji na 2mA (sai dai in an lura daban).
2.1 Ƙarfin Gaba (VF)
An raba ƙarfin gaba zuwa ƙananan jeri da yawa (D2, E1, E2, F1, F2, G1, G2) tare da ƙimar al'ada daga 2.3V zuwa 2.9V da matsakaicin ƙima daga 2.4V zuwa 3.0V. Lambar bin daidai ta dogara da ƙarfin da aka auna a IF=2mA.
2.2 Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (λD)
An rarraba tsawon zango mai rinjaye zuwa rukuni huɗu: F10 (525-527.5nm), F20 (527.5-530nm), G10 (530-532.5nm), da G20 (532.5-535nm). Rabin faɗin bandwidth (Δλ) yawanci 15nm ne.
2.3 Ƙarfin Haske (IV)
An rarraba ƙarfin haske zuwa rukuni daga FD0 (90-100 mcd) har zuwa 1FS (150-160 mcd) a IF=2mA. Jurewa a kan auna shine ±10%.
2.4 Sauran Sigogi
Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2) shine 140° (na al'ada). Halin baya (IR) a VR=5V ≤10 μA ne. Juriya na zafi (RTHJ-S) ≤450 °C/W.
3. Tsarin Rarraba
An rarraba samfurin ta hanyar ƙarfin gaba, tsawon zango mai rinjaye, da ƙarfin haske. Ana saka lambobin bin a kan lakabin reel kamar yadda aka nuna a sashin marufi. Abokan ciniki su bayyana haɗin bin da ake buƙata lokacin yin oda don tabbatar da daidaito a aikace-aikacen su.
4. Lafiyayyun Halayen Hasken Misali
Takardar bayanai tana ba da lafiyayyun halaye masu yawa don taimaka wa masu ƙira su fahimci halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.
4.1 Ƙarfin Gaba da Halin Gaba
A ƙaramin halin (ƙasa da 5mA), ƙarfin gaba yana ƙaruwa sosai. Lafiyayyan yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta mizani ba ta al'ada na diodes. A 20mA, ƙarfin gaba yana kusan 3.0V (al'ada ga chip kore).
4.2 Ƙarfin Dangi da Halin Gaba
Ƙarfin haske na dangi yana ƙaruwa da layi tare da halin gaba har zuwa kusan 20mA, bayan haka jikewa ya fara. Wannan lafiyayyan yana da amfani don tantance mafi kyawun halin tuƙi don wani buƙatun haske.
4.3 Zazzabin Fetur da Ƙarfin Dangi
Yayin da zazzabin yanayi ya tashi, ƙarfin dangi yana raguwa. A 100°C, ƙarfin ya faɗi zuwa kusan 0.85 na ƙimar a 25°C. Gudanar da zafi yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye fitowar haske mai daidaito.
4.4 Zazzabin Fetur da Halin Gaba
Dole ne a rage matsakaicin halin gaba a mafi girman zazzabin fetur. An bayyana yankin aiki mai aminci a cikin lafiyayyan; misali, a 100°C halin gaba da aka yarda ya ragu zuwa kusan 10mA.
4.5 Halin Gaba da Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye
Ƙara halin gaba daga 0 zuwa 30mA yana haifar da ɗan canji a tsawon zango mai rinjaye (kusan 2-3nm zuwa dogon zango) saboda zazzabin haɗin gwiwa. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan tasirin a aikace-aikacen da ke da muhimmanci ga launi.
4.6 Ƙarfin Dangi da Tsawon Zango
Sigar bakan tana nuna ƙaramin kololuwar fitarwa a kusa da 527nm (al'ada ga kore). Cikakken faɗin a rabin matsakaicin (FWHM) yana kusan 15nm, yana ba da tsabtar launi mai kyau.
4.7 Tsarin Radiyoyi
Tsarin radiyoyi na polar yana nuna rarraba mai faɗi, irin na Lambertian tare da rabin ƙarfi a kusan ±70°. Wannan ya sa LED ɗin ta dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai faɗi.
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi
5.1 Girman Kunshin
Kunshin LED yana auna 1.6mm (tsawo) x 0.8mm (faɗi) x 0.4mm (tsayi). Jurewa ±0.2mm ne sai dai in an lura daban. Duba daga sama yana nuna pads biyu na lantarki (pad 1 da pad 2) masu girman 0.22mm x 0.70mm. Duba daga ƙasa yana nuna alamar polarity (pad anode ya fi girma). An bayar da tsarin soldering da aka ba da shawara tare da girman pad 0.8mm x 0.8mm masu tazara 2.4mm.
5.2 Tef ɗin Jigilar da Reel
Ana rufe LEDs a cikin tef ɗin jigilar mai faɗin 8mm, matakin 4mm, da girman rami wanda ya dace da kunshin 1.6x0.8mm. Tef ɗin ya haɗa da alamomin polarity da tef ɗin rufe saman. Kowane reel yana riƙe da guda 4,000. Diamita na waje na reel shine 178±1mm, diamita na cibiya 60±1mm, kuma faɗin tef 8.0±0.1mm.
5.3 Bayanin Lakabin
Lakabin reel ya haɗa da lambar sashi, lambar spec, lambar lot, lambar bin (ƙarfin haske, chromaticity, ƙarfin gaba, tsawon zango), yawa, da lambar kwanan wata. Ana liƙa lakabin a kan reel da kuma jakar hana danshi.
6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗuwa
6.1 Bayanin Solder Reflow
Bayanin reflow da aka ba da shawara yana bin ka'idojin JEDEC. Mahimman sigogi: ƙimar hawan ≤3°C/s, preheat daga 150°C zuwa 200°C na daƙiƙa 60-120, lokaci sama da 217°C (TL) na daƙiƙa 60-150, mafi girman zazzabi (TP) 260°C tare da matsakaicin lokaci na daƙiƙa 10 a cikin 5°C na TP, da ƙimar sanyaya ≤6°C/s. Jimlar lokaci daga 25°C zuwa kololuwa bai kamata ya wuce mintuna 8 ba. An yarda da wucewa biyu kawai na reflow.
6.2 Solder da Hannu
Idan ana buƙatar solder da hannu, zazzabin ƙarfen dole ne ≤300°C kuma lokacin saduwa ≤3 daƙiƙa. An yarda da aiki ɗaya kawai na solder da hannu.
6.3 Ajiye da Gudanar da Danshi
Ana ajiye LEDs a cikin jakar hana danshi tare da desiccant. Kafin buɗe jakar, yanayin ajiye shine ≤30°C da ≤75% RH har zuwa shekara ɗaya. Bayan buɗewa, dole ne a yi amfani da LEDs a cikin sa'o'i 168 a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Idan lokacin ajiye ya wuce ko kuma alamar desiccant ta nuna danshi, dole ne a gasa LEDs a 60±5°C na akalla sa'o'i 24 kafin amfani.
7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda
Ƙungiyar marufi ta yau da kullun ita ce reel na guda 4,000. Ana rufe reels a cikin jakar hana danshi, tare da lakabi masu nuna lambobin bin. Ana shirya reels da yawa a cikin akwatunan kwali. Lokacin yin oda, abokan ciniki su bayyana lambobin bin da ake buƙata don ƙarfin gaba, tsawon zango, da ƙarfi don tabbatar da daidaiton samfur.
8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace
Wannan LED koren ta dace da nuni, maɓallai, alamomi, nuni, da hasken gabaɗaya. Masu ƙira suyi la'akari da gudanar da zafi: zazzabin haɗin gwiwa bai kamata ya wuce 95°C ba, kuma ya kamata a kiyaye ɓatar da wutar ƙasa da 60mW. Resistor mai iyakance halin dole ne don hana wuce gona da iri na halin saboda bambancin wutar. LED ɗin tana da hankalin ESD (HBM 1000V); ana buƙatar kariya ta ESD mai dacewa yayin mu'amala.
9. Kariyar Mu'amala
Ka guji sanya damuwa na injiniya a kan lens silicone. Yi amfani da kayan aiki masu dacewa don ɗauka da sanya LEDs daga gefe. Kada ka taɓa saman lens kai tsaye. Yanayin dole ne ya kasance yana da ƙarancin sulfur (<100ppm) don hana canza launi. Abun cikin bromine da chlorine a cikin kayan da ke kewaye ya kamata su kasance kowane ɗayan<900ppm kuma jimlar<1500ppm. Mahadi na halitta masu canzawa (VOCs) na iya lalata abin rufe silicone; ka guji manne da ke fitar da tururin halitta.
10. Dogaro da Inganci
Ana gwada samfurin ta gwaje-gwajen dogaro ciki har da reflow (260°C, 10s, 2 zagaye), zagayen zazzabi (-40°C zuwa 100°C, 100 zagaye), girgiza zafi (-40°C zuwa 100°C, 300 zagaye), ajiye a babban zazzabi (100°C, 1000h), ajiye a ƙaramin zazzabi (-40°C, 1000h), da gwajin rayuwa (25°C, 2mA, 1000h). Ma'aunin karɓa: canjin ƙarfin gaba ≤1.1x iyakar ƙayyadaddun sama, halin baya ≤2x iyakar ƙayyadaddun sama, da ƙarfin haske ≥0.7x iyakar ƙayyadaddun ƙasa.
Bayanin fasaha da aka bayar ya dogara ne akan halaye na al'ada kuma baya zama garanti na takamaiman aikace-aikace. Masu amfani na ƙarshe su tabbatar da aikin a yanayin tsarin su.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |