Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
- 1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali
- 1.2 Kasuwa da Aikace-aikace
- 2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske (Ta=25°C)
- .3 Thermal Characteristics
- . Binning System Explanation
- . Performance Curve Analysis
- .1 Relative Intensity vs. Wavelength
- .2 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (I-V Curve)
- .3 Relative Intensity vs. Forward Current
- .4 Temperature Dependency Curves
- .5 Directivity Pattern
- . Mechanical and Package Information
- .1 Package Dimension Drawing
- .2 Polarity Identification
- . Soldering and Assembly Guidelines
- .1 Lead Forming
- .2 Recommended Soldering Conditions
- .3 Cleaning
- .4 Storage Conditions
- . Packaging and Ordering Information
- .1 Packing Specification
- .2 Packing Quantity
- . Application Suggestions and Design Considerations
- .1 Typical Application Circuits
- .2 Heat Management
- .3 Optical Design
- . Technical Comparison and Differentiation
- . Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- . Practical Design Case Study
- . Technical Principle Introduction
- . Industry Trends and Developments
1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakkun ƙayyadaddun bayanai na fitilar LED mai ƙarfin haske da aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar fitar da haske mai ƙarfi. Na'urar tana amfani da fasahar AlGaInP chip don samar da launin ja mai haske tare da kullin resin mai tsabta kamar ruwa. An ƙera ta don dogaro da ƙarfi, wanda ya sa ta dace da aikace-aikace daban-daban na nuni da na'urorin lantarki.
1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali
- Ƙarfin Haske Mai Girma:Yana fitar da ƙarfin haske na yau da kullun daga 3200 zuwa 5000 millicandelas (mcd) a daidaitaccen kwararar gaba na 20mA.
- Kunkuntar Kallon Kallo:Yana da kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2) na digiri 10, yana ba da fitar haske mai mai da hankali da ƙarfi.
- Yin Biyayya da Dogaro:Samfurin ya bi ka'idojin RoHS, EU REACH, da ka'idojin marasa halogen (Br <900 ppm, Cl <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm), yana tabbatar da amincin muhalli da dogaron dogon lokaci.
- Sassauƙan Tattarawa:Ana samunsa akan tef da reel don tsarin haɗawa ta atomatik.
1.2 Kasuwa da Aikace-aikace
Wannan LED an yi niyya ne musamman ga kasuwannin na'urorin lantarki masu amfani da hasken baya na nuni. Aikace-aikacensa na farko sun haɗa da:
- Na'urorin talabijin (TV)
- Na'urorin kallon kwamfuta
- Wayoyi
- Na'urorin kwamfuta na gaba ɗaya da fitilun nuni
2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici
Teburin da ke gaba yana lissafta iyakokin damuwa waɗanda za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Waɗannan ba yanayin aiki ba ne.
| Sigogi | Alama | Matsakaici | Naúrar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ci gaba da Kwararar Gaba | IF | 25 | mA |
| Kololuwar Kwararar Gaba (Aiki 1/10 @ 1KHz) | IFP | 60 | mA |
| Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya | VR | 5 | V |
| Rushewar Wutar Lantarki | Pd | 60 | mW |
| Yanayin Zafi na Aiki | Topr | -40 zuwa +85 | °C |
| Yanayin Zafi na Ajiya | Tstg | -40 zuwa +100 | °C |
| Yanayin Zafi na Solder | Tsol | 260 (na dakika 5) | °C |
2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske (Ta=25°C)
Waɗannan sigogi suna ayyana aikin yau da kullun na LED a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na al'ada a zafin yanayi na 25°C.
| Sigogi | Alama | Min. | Typ. | Max. | Naúrar | Yanayi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin Haske | Iv | 3200 | 5000 | ----- | mcd | IF=20mA |
| Kusurwar Kallo | 2θ1/2 | ----- | 10 | ----- | digiri | IF=20mA |
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Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Ts | λp | ----- | 632 | ----- | nm | IF=20mA |
| Dominant Wavelength | λd | ----- | 624 | ----- | nm | IF=20mA |
| Spectrum Radiation Bandwidth | Δλ | ----- | 20 | ----- | nm | IF=20mA |
| Forward Voltage | VF | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.4 | V | IF=20mA |
| Reverse Current | IR | ----- | ----- | 10 | μA | VR=5V |
Measurement Notes:Forward Voltage: ±0.1V uncertainty; Luminous Intensity: ±10% uncertainty; Dominant Wavelength: ±1.0nm uncertainty.
.3 Thermal Characteristics
The device's performance is influenced by temperature. The operating range is from -40°C to +85°C. Proper heat sinking or current de-rating is essential for operation near the upper temperature limit to maintain performance and longevity.
. Binning System Explanation
The product is categorized based on key performance parameters to ensure consistency in application design. The labeling system includes codes for:
- CAT:Ranks of Luminous Intensity (Iv). This allows selection of LEDs within a specific brightness range.
- HUE:Ranks of Dominant Wavelength (λd). This ensures color consistency across multiple units.
- REF:Ranks of Forward Voltage (VF). This helps in designing stable drive circuits by grouping LEDs with similar voltage drops.
These binning codes are typically found on the product label alongside the Part Number (P/N), Customer's Production Number (CPN), Packing Quantity (QTY), and Lot Number (LOT No).
. Performance Curve Analysis
The datasheet provides several characteristic curves that illustrate the device's behavior under varying conditions.
.1 Relative Intensity vs. Wavelength
This curve shows the spectral power distribution, with a typical peak wavelength (λp) of 632 nm and a dominant wavelength (λd) of 624 nm. The spectrum radiation bandwidth (Δλ) is typically 20 nm, defining the purity and specific shade of the brilliant red color.
.2 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (I-V Curve)
The I-V curve is non-linear, typical of a diode. At the standard operating current of 20mA, the forward voltage (VF) typically measures 2.0V, with a range from 1.7V to 2.4V. This information is critical for designing the current-limiting circuitry.
.3 Relative Intensity vs. Forward Current
Luminous intensity increases with forward current. However, operating above the recommended continuous current (25mA) or without proper heat management will reduce efficiency and lifespan due to increased junction temperature.
.4 Temperature Dependency Curves
Relative Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature:The light output decreases as the ambient temperature rises. Designers must account for this derating in high-temperature environments.
Forward Current vs. Ambient Temperature:For a constant voltage drive, the forward current may change with temperature. A constant-current driver is recommended for stable performance across the operating temperature range.
.5 Directivity Pattern
The polar diagram illustrates the 10-degree typical viewing angle, showing how light intensity is concentrated within a narrow beam.
. Mechanical and Package Information
.1 Package Dimension Drawing
The LED features a standard lamp-style package. Key dimensional notes include:
- All dimensions are in millimeters (mm).
- The height of the flange must be less than 1.5mm (0.059\").
- The default tolerance for unspecified dimensions is ±0.25mm.
The drawing specifies the lead spacing, body diameter, total height, and the recommended minimum distance (3mm) from the epoxy bulb to the point of lead bending or soldering.
.2 Polarity Identification
The cathode is typically identified by a flat spot on the LED lens or by the shorter lead. Always refer to the package diagram for definitive polarity marking to ensure correct installation.
. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines
.1 Lead Forming
- Bend leads at a point at least 3mm from the base of the epoxy bulb.
- Perform lead formingbefore soldering.
- Avoid applying stress to the LED package during forming.
- Cut leads at room temperature.
- Ensure PCB holes align perfectly with LED leads to avoid mounting stress.
.2 Recommended Soldering Conditions
| Method | Parameter | Condition |
|---|---|---|
| Hand Soldering | Iron Tip Temperature | °C Max. (30W Max.) |
| Soldering Time | seconds Max. | |
| Distance from Bulb | mm Min. | |
| Dip (Wave) Soldering | Preheat Temperature | °C Max. (60 sec Max.) |
| Bath Temperature & Time | °C Max., 5 seconds Max. | |
| Distance from Bulb | mm Min. | |
| Cooling | Avoid rapid cooling from peak temperature. |
Critical Notes:
. Avoid stress on leads at high temperatures.
. Do not solder (dip or hand) more than once.
. Protect the LED from mechanical shock until it cools to room temperature after soldering.
. Always use the lowest effective soldering temperature.
.3 Cleaning
- If necessary, clean only with isopropyl alcohol at room temperature for ≤1 minute.
- Do not use ultrasonic cleaning unless absolutely necessary and only after thorough pre-qualification testing, as it can damage the internal structure.
.4 Storage Conditions
- Store at ≤30°C and ≤70% Relative Humidity (RH).
- Shelf life after shipping is 3 months under these conditions.
- For longer storage (up to 1 year), use a sealed container with a nitrogen atmosphere and moisture absorbent.
- Avoid rapid temperature changes in humid environments to prevent condensation.
. Packaging and Ordering Information
.1 Packing Specification
- Anti-static Bag:Protects LEDs from electrostatic discharge (ESD).
- Inner Carton:Contains multiple bags.
- Outside Carton:Contains multiple inner cartons.
.2 Packing Quantity
- Minimum 200 to 500 pieces per anti-static bag.
- bags per inner carton.
- inner cartons per outside carton.
. Application Suggestions and Design Considerations
.1 Typical Application Circuits
Always drive the LED with a constant current source or a voltage source with a series current-limiting resistor. Calculate the resistor value using the formula: R = (Vsupply- VF) / IF. Use the maximum VFfrom the datasheet (2.4V) for a worst-case design to ensure the current does not exceed limits. For example, with a 5V supply and target IFof 20mA: R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.02A = 130Ω. A standard 130Ω or 150Ω resistor would be suitable.
.2 Heat Management
This is a critical design factor. The power dissipation (Pd) is VF* IF. At typical 2.0V and 20mA, this is 40mW. While below the 60mW maximum, operating in high ambient temperatures or enclosures with poor airflow requires de-rating the operating current to prevent the junction temperature from exceeding safe limits, which would accelerate lumen depreciation and reduce operational life.
.3 Optical Design
The narrow 10-degree viewing angle makes this LED ideal for applications requiring a focused beam or directed light, such as indicator lights that need to be visible from a specific angle or backlighting for small segments.
. Technical Comparison and Differentiation
Compared to standard red LEDs, this device's key differentiators are itsvery high luminous intensity (3200-5000 mcd)andnarrow viewing angle, achieved through the use of AlGaInP chip technology and a specific lens design. This combination is optimized for applications where high brightness in a directed beam is paramount, rather than wide-area illumination. Its compliance with modern environmental standards (RoHS, REACH, Halogen-Free) also makes it suitable for global markets with strict regulatory requirements.
. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: What is the difference between peak wavelength (λp) and dominant wavelength (λd)?
A1: Peak wavelength is the wavelength at which the emitted optical power is maximum. Dominant wavelength is the single wavelength perceived by the human eye that matches the color of the LED. For this red LED, λp is 632nm (physical peak), while λd is 624nm (perceived color).
Q2: Can I drive this LED at 25mA continuously?
A2: Yes, 25mA is the Absolute Maximum Continuous Forward Current. However, for optimal longevity and reliability, especially at higher ambient temperatures, it is advisable to operate at or below the typical test condition of 20mA.
Q3: Why is the distance of 3mm from the epoxy bulb so important for soldering and lead bending?
A3: This distance prevents excessive heat transfer from the solder joint or mechanical stress from the bend from reaching the sensitive internal die and wire bonds inside the epoxy bulb, which could cause immediate failure or long-term reliability issues.
Q4: How do I interpret the CAT, HUE, and REF codes when ordering?
A4: These are binning codes. You would specify the desired ranges for luminous intensity (CAT), dominant wavelength (HUE), and forward voltage (REF) based on your application's need for brightness consistency, color uniformity, and circuit stability. Consult the manufacturer's detailed binning specification document for the exact code values and ranges.
. Practical Design Case Study
Scenario:Designing a status indicator for a networking device that must be clearly visible in a well-lit room from a distance of 3 meters, with a viewing angle of approximately 15 degrees from the front panel.
Component Selection:This LED is an excellent candidate due to its high intensity (≥3200 mcd) which ensures visibility even in bright ambient light. The 10-degree viewing angle naturally creates a bright, focused spot that will fall within the required 15-degree viewing cone.
Circuit Design:Using a 3.3V logic supply common in digital devices. Calculate series resistor: R = (3.3V - 2.4Vmax) / 0.02A = 45Ω. Use a standard 47Ω resistor. Power dissipation in LED: Pd≈ 2.0V * 0.02A = 40mW. Power in resistor: PR= (0.02A)2* 47Ω = 18.8mW. Both are within safe limits.
Layout Consideration:Place the LED on the PCB such that the 3mm soldering distance rule can be adhered to. Ensure no other tall components shade the LED's narrow beam.
. Technical Principle Introduction
This LED is based on an AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide) semiconductor chip. When a forward voltage is applied, electrons and holes recombine in the active region of the chip, releasing energy in the form of photons—a process called electroluminescence. The specific composition of the AlGaInP alloy determines the bandgap energy, which in turn defines the wavelength (color) of the emitted light, in this case, red. The water-clear epoxy resin acts as a lens, shaping the light output into the specified 10-degree viewing angle and protecting the delicate semiconductor chip from the environment.
. Industry Trends and Developments
The trend in indicator and display LEDs continues towards higher efficiency (more lumens per watt) and increased reliability. While this device offers high intensity, future iterations in this product category may focus on achieving similar brightness at lower drive currents for improved energy efficiency. There is also a continuous push for broader and stricter compliance with environmental regulations beyond RoHS and REACH, such as conflict mineral declarations and circular economy principles. The demand for precise binning (tighter CAT, HUE, REF ranges) is increasing in automated manufacturing to ensure consistent end-product quality without the need for manual calibration or sorting.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |