ELCH08 LED Bayanin Fasaha - LED Fari Mai Ingantaccen Aiki - 290lm a 1A - 2.85-3.9V - Kallon Kwanar 120° - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na wani ɓangaren LED (Light-Emitting Diode) mai haske fari mai ingantaccen aiki. Na'urar tana da siffar ƙirar ƙaramin kayan aiki, wanda ke ba da babban fitar haske, wanda ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai haske a cikin ƙaramin sarari. Babban fa'idodinsa sun haɗa da haske mai haske na 290 lumens a lokacin aikin tuƙi na 1 Ampere, wanda yayi daidai da ingantaccen aikin gani na kusan lumens 87 a kowace watt. LED ɗin ya ƙunshi ƙaƙƙarfan kariya daga ESD, yana haɓaka amincinsa a cikin sarrafawa da haɗawa. Ya cika ka'idojin RoHS kuma an kera shi ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin da ba su da gubar.

1.1 Aikace-aikacen Da Ake Nufi

An ƙera LED ɗin don faɗin dalilai na hasken wuta. Manyan aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da zama walƙiyar kyamara ko tushen hasken strobe a cikin na'urorin hannu da kayan aikin bidiyo na dijital. Hakanan ya dace da hasken wuta na gabaɗaya na cikin gida, hasken baya don nunin TFT, da daban-daban na tsarin hasken kayan ado ko nishaɗi. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da shi a cikin hasken mota don ayyukan ciki da waje, da kuma a cikin hasken tsaro da jagora kamar alamun fita da alamun mataki.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Maƙasudi

Sasannin masu zuwa suna ba da cikakken bincike game da mahimman ma'auni na fasaha na na'urar, waɗanda aka samo daga cikakken ƙididdiga na iyaka da yanayin aiki na yau da kullun.

2.1 Cikakken Ƙididdiga na Iyaka

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a nufin su don aiki na yau da kullun ba.

• DC Gaba Voltage (Yanayin Tochi): 350 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin ci gaba na gaba wanda LED zai iya ɗauka.
• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Bugun Jini: 1500 mA. Ana iya amfani da wannan babban ƙarfin ƙarfi ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin bugun jini (matsakaicin tsawon 400 ms, cikakken aiki na 10%), wanda ya dace da ayyukan walƙiyar kyamara.
• Juriya na ESD (HBM): 8 kV. Na'urar tana ba da babban kariya daga fitar da wutar lantarki bisa ga ma'auni na JEDEC JS-001-2017 (tsohon JEDEC 3b), wanda yake da mahimmanci ga haɗawa da amincin sarrafawa.
• Zazzabi na Junction (Tj): 150 °C. Matsakaicin zafin da aka yarda a mahadar semiconductor.
• Aiki & Ma'adana Zazzabi: -40 °C zuwa +85 °C (aiki), -40 °C zuwa +100 °C (ma'adana).
• Juriya na Thermal (Rth): 3.4 °C/W. Wannan ma'auni yana nuna yadda ake canja wurin zafi daga mahadar zuwa kewayen yanayi. Ƙananan ƙima yana nuna ingantaccen aikin thermal.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Yanayin Bugun Jini): 6.42 W. Matsakaicin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya watsawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini.
• Kwanar Kallo (2θ1/2): digiri 120 ± 5°. Wannan yana ayyana faɗin kusurwar inda ƙarfin haske ya kasance aƙalla rabin matsakaicin ƙarfin, wanda ke haifar da faɗin tsarin fitarwa, mai kama da Lambertian.

Mahimman Bayanin Kula: Ba a ƙera na'urar don aikin koma baya ba. An haramta ci gaba da aiki a matsakaicin ƙididdiga saboda zai haifar da lalacewa da yuwuwar gazawa. Duk ƙayyadaddun bayanai na aminci an tabbatar da su a ƙarƙashin sarrafa zafin jiki akan 1.0 cm² Metal Core Printed Circuit Board (MCPCB).

2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Optical (Ts=25°C)

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun (bugun jini na 50ms, solder pad a 25°C) kuma suna wakiltar aikin da ake tsammani.

• Flux Mai haske (Iv): 260 lm (Min), 300 lm (Typ) a IF=1000mA.
• Gaba Voltage (VF): 2.85V (Min), 3.90V (Max) a IF=1000mA. Matsakaicin ƙimar yana cikin wannan kewayon.
• Daidaitaccen Zazzabin Launi (CCT): 5500K zuwa 6500K, yana sanya shi a cikin kewayon zafin launi na \"sanyi fari\" ko \"hasken rana fari\".

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samar da yawa, ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa kwandon shara bisa ga mahimman ma'auni na aiki. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar abubuwan da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikace don haske, faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki, da launi.

3.1 Gaba Voltage Binning

Ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa kwandon shara uku na ƙarfin lantarki a IF=1000mA:
- Bin 2832: VF = 2.85V zuwa 3.25V.
- Bin 3235: VF = 3.25V zuwa 3.55V.
- Bin 3539: VF = 3.55V zuwa 3.90V.
Wannan binning yana taimakawa wajen ƙirar da'irori masu tsayayyen tuƙi ta hanyar lissafin bambancin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba.

3.2 Luminous Flux Binning

Ana rarraba LED ɗin ta hanyar fitar haske a IF=1000mA:
- Bin J7: Iv = 260 lm zuwa 300 lm.
- Bin J8: Iv = 300 lm zuwa 330 lm.
- Bin J9: Iv = 330 lm zuwa 360 lm.
Wannan yana tabbatar da matakan haske da ake iya hasashen a cikin aikace-aikacen ƙarshe.

3.3 Chromaticity (Launi) Binning

An ayyana launin fari ta hanyar daidaitattun launuka na CIE 1931 (x, y). Babban kwandon shara na wannan na'urar shine5565, wanda ke nufin kewayon CCT daga 5500K zuwa 6500K. Takamaiman ma'anar ma'anar wannan kwandon shara yana a daidaitattun (0.3166, 0.3003), tare da ayyana akwatin juriya na quadrilateral akan ginshiƙi na CIE. Ƙimar ma'auni don daidaitattun launuka shine ±0.01.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Bayanan hoto suna ba da haske game da halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki daban-daban.

4.1 Rarraba Siffofi na Dangi

Lanƙwasa rarraba ƙarfin siffofi yana nuna ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar a kowane tsawon zango. Don LED fari wanda ya dogara da guntuwar InGaN shuɗi tare da rufin phosphor, siffar yawanci tana da kololuwar shuɗi mai rinjaye daga guntu da faɗin bandeji na fitarwa rawaya/ja daga phosphor. Haɗin fitarwa yana samar da hasken fari. Matsakaicin tsawon zango (λp) da cikakken siffar siffofi suna rinjayar Ma'anar Fassarar Launi (CRI) da ingancin launin da ake gani.

4.2 Tsarin Radiation na Yau da Kullun

Tsarin radiation na polar yana kwatanta rarraba sararin samaniya na ƙarfin haske. Lanƙwasa da aka bayar yana nuna tsarin kusa da Lambertian, inda ƙarfin ya kusan daidai da cosine na kwanar kallo. Wannan yana haifar da faɗin haske mai daidaito wanda ya dace da hasken wuta na gabaɗaya da aikace-aikacen walƙiya. An nuna tsarin X da Y axis suna kama, yana nuna fitarwa mai daidaito.

4.3 Gaba Voltage vs. Gaba Current (V-I Curve)

Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna alaƙar exponential na yau da kullun na diode. Gaba Voltage yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin lantarki amma ba a layi daya ba. Fahimtar wannan lanƙwasa yana da mahimmanci ga sarrafa zafin jiki da ƙirar direba, kamar yadda wutar lantarki da aka watsar (Vf * If) ke haifar da zafi.

4.4 Dangi Luminous Flux vs. Gaba Current

Wannan jadawali yana nuna yadda fitar haske ke auna tare da ƙarfin tuƙi. Da farko, flux yana ƙaruwa kusan a layi daya tare da ƙarfin lantarki. Duk da haka, a manyan ƙarfin lantarki, raguwar inganci yana faruwa saboda ƙaruwar zafin jiki na junction da sauran tasirin kimiyyar lantarki na semiconductor, yana haifar da raguwar haɓakar flux. Yin aiki fiye da ƙarfin lantarki da aka ba da shawarar yana rage inganci da haɓaka tsufa.

4.5 CCT vs. Gaba Current

Wannan lanƙwasa yana bayyana yadda daidaitaccen zafin launi ke canzawa tare da ƙarfin tuƙi. Yawanci, don LED fari da aka canza phosphor, CCT na iya ƙaruwa (haske ya zama sanyi / shuɗi) a manyan ƙarfin lantarki saboda bambance-bambancen inganci tsakanin LED ɗin famfo shuɗi da phosphor. Jadawalin yana nuna CCT yana kasancewa a tsaye a tsaye a cikin kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na aiki, wanda ake so don daidaiton aikin launi.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

Girman jiki da ginin kunshin LED suna da mahimmanci ga shimfidar PCB, sarrafa zafin jiki, da ƙirar gani.

5.1 Zanen Girman Kunshin

Bayanin fasaha ya haɗa da cikakken zanen ma'auni na kunshin SMD (Surface-Mount Device). Mahimman ma'auni sun haɗa da tsayin gabaɗaya, faɗi, da tsayi, da girman pad (tasha) da tazara. Tolerances yawanci ±0.1mm sai dai idan an faɗi. Wannan zanen yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB (tsarin ƙasa) a cikin software na CAD.

5.2 Gano Polarity

Kunshin yana da alamar polarity. Daidaitaccen jagora yayin haɗawa wajibi ne don hana koma baya, wanda ba a goyan bayansa ba kuma zai iya lalata na'urar. Hakanan ana nuna polarity akan tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya don injunan ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Ma'auni na Reflow Solder

Na'urar za ta iya jure matsakaicin zafin solder na 260°C, wanda ya dace da daidaitattun bayanan reflow marasa gubar (misali, IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020). Matsakaicin adadin sake zagayowar reflow shine 3. Yana da mahimmanci a bi shawarar yanayin zafin jiki (haɓaka, jiƙa, kololuwar reflow, da ƙimar sanyaya) don hana girgizar zafi da tabbatar da haɗin gwiwar solder ba tare da lalata ɓangaren LED ba.

6.2 Matakin Hankali na Danshi (MSL)

An ƙididdige ɓangaren a matakin MSL Level 1. Wannan shine mafi girman matakin juriya na danshi, ma'ana na'urar tana da rayuwa mara iyaka a yanayin ≤ 30°C / 85% Danshi na Dangi kuma baya buƙatar gasa kafin amfani idan an adana shi a cikin waɗannan yanayi. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa sarrafa kayan aiki idan aka kwatanta da manyan matakan MSL.

6.3 Yanayin Ma'adana

Shawarar kewayon zafin ma'adana shine -40°C zuwa +100°C. Ya kamata a kiyaye abubuwan a cikin jakunkun shinge na danshi na asali tare da bushewa har sai an shirya don amfani don kiyaye ƙimar MSL 1.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshin

Ana ba da LED ɗin akan tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya da aka yi wa ado akan reels, wanda shine ma'auni don haɗin SMD ta atomatik. Bayanin fasaha yana ba da ma'auni don tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya (tsawon aljihu, faɗi, da sauransu) da reel (diamita, girman cibiyar). Reel na yau da kullun yana ƙunshe da guda 2000. Tef ɗin yana nuna polarity da hanyar ciyarwa don na'urar sanyawa.

7.2 Lakabin Samfur

An yiwa reel da kunshin lakabi tare da mahimman bayanai don gano asali da amfani daidai:
- P/N: Lambar ɓangaren masana'anta (misali, ELCH08-NF5565J7J9283910-FDH).
- LOT NO: Lambar kuri'a na masana'anta don sarrafa inganci.
- QTY: Adadin guda a cikin kunshin.
- CAT: Lambar kwandon shara na Luminous Flux (misali, J7).
- HUE: Lambar kwandon shara na Launi (misali, 5565).
- REF: Lambar kwandon shara na Gaba Voltage (misali, 2832, 3235, 3539).
- MSL-X: Matakin Hankali na Danshi.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Abubuwan Ƙira

Gudanar da Thermal: Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin abu guda ɗaya don aikin LED da rayuwa. Ƙananan juriya na thermal (3.4°C/W) yana aiki ne kawai tare da isasshen nutsewar zafi. Yi amfani da PCB tare da isasshen yanki na tagulla ko takamaiman PCB na Metal Core (MCPCB) don kai zafi daga gindin solder. An ayyana matsakaicin zafin jiki na substrate a matsayin 70°C a IF=1000mA.
Tuƙi na Yanzu: Yi amfani da direban LED na yau da kullun, ba tushen ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun ba, don tabbatar da fitar haske mai tsayayye da hana guduwar thermal. Girmama cikakken ƙididdiga na ƙarfin lantarki na iyaka don duka yanayin ci gaba (tochi) da bugun jini (walƙiya).
Ƙirar Gani: Faɗin kwanar kallo na digiri 120 ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar faɗin ɗaukar hoto. Don ingantattun katako, za a buƙaci na'urorin gani na biyu (ruwan tabarau, masu nunawa). Tsarin fitarwa na Lambertian yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar gani.

8.2 Tsare-tsaren ESD

Ko da yake na'urar tana da babban kariya daga ESD (8kV HBM), ya kamata a bi ka'idojin sarrafa ESD na yau da kullun yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa (amfani da tashoshin aiki masu tushe, abubuwan wuyan hannu, da sauransu) don hana lalacewa mai tarawa ko lahani.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Yayin da ba a ba da kwatancen kai tsaye tare da wasu takamaiman samfura a cikin bayanin fasaha ba, ana iya ƙididdige mahimman siffofi na wannan LED:
- Babban Ingantaccen haske: 87 lm/W a 1A shine inganci mai gasa don babban ƙarfin SMD LED a cikin ajinsa, yana haifar da ƙarancin amfani da makamashi da rage nauyin zafi don takamaiman fitar haske.
- Ƙarfin Bugun Jini na Babban Ƙarfi: Matsakaicin ƙimar bugun jini na 1500mA don aikace-aikacen walƙiya babban siffa ne, yana ba da damar walƙiya mai haske sosai, ɗan gajeren lokaci wanda ya dace da walƙiyar kyamara.
- Ƙaƙƙarfan Ƙimar ESD: 8kV HBM yana ba da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfin sarrafawa idan aka kwatanta da yawancin LED ɗin da ke da ƙananan ƙimar ESD ko waɗanda ba a bayyana su ba.
- Cikakken Binning: Binning mai ma'auni uku (flux, ƙarfin lantarki, launi) yana ba da damar ƙarin sarrafa aikin tsarin, wanda yake da fa'ida ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton launi da haske.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q1: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da wadatar wutar lantarki 3.3V?
A: Ba kai tsaye ba. Gaba Voltage (Vf) yana kewayo daga 2.85V zuwa 3.90V a 1A. Tushen 3.3V na iya daɗa kunna na'urar ƙananan-Vf amma ba zai iya ba da daidaitaccen ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin lantarki ba. Ana buƙatar da'irar direba ta yau da kullun.

Q2: Menene bambanci tsakanin \"Yanayin Tochi\" (350mA) da yanayin gwaji (1000mA)?
A: \"Yanayin Tochi\" yana nufin matsakaicinci gabaDC na yanzu (350mA). Ƙayyadaddun 1000mA nabugun jiniaiki (misali, bugun jini na 50ms), yawanci ana amfani da shi don ƙididdige aiki da aikace-aikacen walƙiya. Ci gaba da aiki a 1000mA zai wuce matsakaicin ƙididdiga kuma zai haifar da gazawa.

Q3: Ta yaya zan fassara kwandon shara na haske J7, J8, J9?
A: Waɗannan kwandon shara ne na haske. Idan ƙirar ku tana buƙatar aƙalla lumens 300, dole ne ku zaɓi kwandon shara J8 ko J9. Yin amfani da kwandon shara J7 zai iya haifar da raka'a ƙasa da hasken da kuke buƙata. Ƙayyade kwandon shara da ake buƙata lokacin yin oda.

Q4: Shin nutsewar zafi yana da mahimmanci?
A: Tabbas. Rushewar wutar lantarki a bugun jini na 1A na iya kaiwa kusan 4W (3.9V * 1A). Ba tare da isasshen nutsewar zafi ba, zafin jiki na junction zai wuce iyakarsa da sauri, yana haifar da raguwar lumen cikin sauri, canjin launi, da gazawar bala'i.

11. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Yanayin: Ƙirar Walƙiyar Kyamara na Wayar Hannu
1. Zaɓin Direba: Zaɓi ƙaramin, ingantaccen direba mai canzawa na yau da kullun IC wanda zai iya ba da bugun jini na 1500mA tare da matsakaicin sarrafa faɗin bugun jini (misali, ~400ms) da cikakken aiki (<10%).
2. Shimfidar PCB: Sanya LED akan takamaiman gindin zafi wanda aka haɗa zuwa manyan wuraren tagulla ko tsarin ƙasa na ciki. Yi amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa da yawa a ƙarƙashin gindi don kai zafi zuwa wasu yadudduka. Ka sanya direban IC kusa don rage ƙaramin inductance.
3. Haɗin Gani: Za a sanya ruwan tabarau na filastik ko jagorar haske a kan LED don watsa hasken kuma a kawar da wuraren zafi, yana tabbatar da daidaitaccen haske don yanayin kyamara. Faɗin kwanar kallo na LED yana taimakawa a cikin wannan watsawa.
4. Zaɓin Bangaren: Don daidaitaccen launin walƙiya da haske a cikin miliyoyin wayoyi, ƙayyade ƙananan kwandon shara: misali, Launi Bin 5565, Flux Bin J8 ko J9, da takamaiman Voltage Bin don sauƙaƙe ƙirar direba.

12. Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Aiki

Wannan LED fari ne da aka canza phosphor. Tushen shine guntuwar semiconductor da aka yi da Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN), wanda ke fitar da hasken shuɗi lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba kuma electrons suka sake haɗuwa tare da ramuka a faɗin bandgap na guntu. Wannan hasken shuɗi yana ɗaukar wani ɓangare na Layer na cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Ce) phosphor da ke rufe guntu. Phosphor yana canza wasu daga cikin photons shuɗi zuwa tsayin zango mafi tsayi a cikin bakan rawaya. Haɗin sauran hasken shuɗi da canza hasken rawaya idon ɗan adam yana ganinsa azaman hasken fari. Matsakaicin shuɗi zuwa rawaya fitarwa yana ƙayyade Daidaitaccen Zazzabin Launi (CCT).

13. Trends na Fasaha

Ci gaban LED fari yana bin wasu mahimman hanyoyi:
- Ƙara Ingantaccen Aiki (lm/W): Ci gaba da inganta ingantaccen ingantaccen ƙididdiga na ciki na guntu shuɗi, cire haske daga kunshin, da ingantaccen canjin phosphor suna haifar da inganci mafi girma, yana rage amfani da makamashi.
- Ingantaccen Ingancin Launi: Matsawa bayan tsarin shuɗi+YAG mai sauƙi zuwa tsarin phosphor da yawa ko violet-pump don cimma mafi girman Ma'anar Fassarar Launi (CRI) da mafi daidaiton launi a faɗin kusurwoyi (Daidaiton Launi na Angular).
- Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki & Ƙananan Ƙirar: Kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wannan na'urar, yanayin shine don tara ƙarin lumens cikin ƙananan kayan aiki, yana buƙatar mafi kyawun hanyoyin sarrafa zafin jiki kamar ingantattun substrates da kayan kunshin.
- Ingantaccen Aminci: Inganta kayan (phosphors, encapsulants) da dabarun kunshin suna ci gaba da tsawaita rayuwar aiki da kiyaye lumen (ƙididdiga na L70, L90).
- Hanyoyin Hankali da Haɗin kai: Kasuwa tana ganin haɓakar LED tare da haɗaɗɗun direbobi, na'urori masu auna firikwensin, ko iyawar sadarwa (Li-Fi), ko da yake wannan bayanin fasaha yana bayyana ɓangare na daban, na al'ada.