Takardar Bayanin LED Mai Farin Haske T-1 3mm - 3.0mm Dia. x 5.0mm H - 2.8-4.0V Ƙarfin Gaba - 30mA Ci Gaba na Yanzu - 110mW Ragewar Wutar Lantarki - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Duba Abun Samar

Wannan takarda ta cika bayanan ƙayyadaddun bayanai don fitilar LED mai farin haske mai ƙarfi (LED) wacce aka haɗa a cikin sanannen fakitin zagaye na T-1 (3mm). Na'urar an ƙera ta don samar da fitilar haske mai ƙarfi, wanda ya sa ta dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai ƙarfi da bayyani mai tsabta. Fasahar asali tana amfani da ƙwayar semiconductor na InGaN wacce ke fitar da hasken shuɗi. Wannan fitarwar shuɗi sai a canza ta zuwa hasken farin haske mai faɗi ta hanyar Layer na phosphor da aka ajiye a cikin kofin mai nuna LED. Sakamakon madaidaicin madaidaicin launi shine x=0.29, y=0.28 bisa ga ma'aunin sararin launi na CIE 1931, yana nuna matsakaicin zafin jiki zuwa sanyi. An ƙera kayan don amincin kuma sun haɗa da fasali kamar kariya daga fitar da lantarki (ESD) har zuwa 4KV (Samfurin Jikin Mutum) da kuma bin ƙa'idodin muhalli masu dacewa.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Manufa

Babban fa'idar wannan LED shine ƙarfin haskensa mai ƙarfi a cikin ƙaramin siffa, ma'aunin masana'antu na T-1. Wannan haɗin ƙaramin girma da ƙarfin haske yana ba injiniyoyin ƙira sassaucin ra'ayi mai mahimmanci. Ana samar da na'urar a cikin babban adadi ko akan tef da reel don hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik, yana haɓaka ingancin masana'antu. Babban aikace-aikacensa ya ta'allaka ne a wuraren da ke buƙatar bayyani mai tsabta, haske mai ƙarfi. Kasuwannin manufa sun haɗa da na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, kwamfutocin sarrafa masana'antu, hasken ciki na mota, da alamomin gabaɗaya.

2. Zurfin Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha

Cikakkiyar fahimtar iyakokin lantarki da na gani yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira mai aminci da aiki na dogon lokaci.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙididdiga

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna bayyana iyakokin damuwa wanda bayan su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a tabbatar da aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin kuma ya kamata a guje su don aiki mai aminci.

• Ci Gaba na Yanzu na Gaba (I_F): 30 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin yanzu na DC wanda za'a iya amfani da shi akai-akai zuwa LED.
• Kololuwar Yanzu na Gaba (I_FP): 100 mA. Wannan yanzu mafi girma yana halatta ne kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini, wanda aka ƙayyade a cikin aikin aiki na 1/10 da mitar 1 kHz.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R): 5 V. Yin amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya wanda ya wuce wannan ƙimar zai iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
• Ragewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d): 110 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin wutar lantarki da fakitin zai iya watsawa azaman zafi, wanda aka lissafta azaman Ƙarfin Gaba (V_F) wanda aka ninka ta Yanzu na Gaba (I_F).
• Aiki & Zafin Ajiya: Na'urar na iya aiki a cikin yanayin zafi daga -40°C zuwa +85°C kuma ana iya adana su a cikin yanayin zafi daga -40°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zafin Solder: Jagororin na iya jure zafin solder na 260°C na matsakaicin tsawon lokaci na 5 seconds, wanda ya dace da daidaitattun hanyoyin sake kunnawa da solder na hannu.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (Ta=25°C) kuma suna bayyana madaidaicin aikin LED.

• Ƙarfin Gaba (V_F): Ya bambanta daga 2.8V (Ƙarami) zuwa 4.0V (Matsakaici) a yanzu na gwaji na 20mA. Madaidaicin ƙimar yana cikin wannan kewayon. Resistor mai iyakance yanzu yana da mahimmanci a cikin jerin tare da LED don sarrafa yanzu bisa ga ƙarfin watsawa da takamaiman V_Fna LED.
• Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (I_V): Yana da mafi ƙarancin ƙima na 1800 millicandelas (mcd) a 20mA. Ƙarfin zai iya kaiwa har zuwa 4500 mcd dangane da takamaiman kwandon shara (duba Sashe na 3). Wannan ƙarfin ƙarfi shine babban fasali.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2): Madaidaicin cikakkiyar kusurwar dubawa a rabin ƙarfi shine digiri 25. Wannan yana nuna tsarin haske mai mai da hankali, wanda ya dace don nuna alama mai jagora.
• Yanzu na Baya (I_R): An iyakance shi zuwa matsakaicin 50 µA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya na 5V, yana nuna ingantaccen haɗin gwiwa.
• Fasalin Diode na Zener: Takardar bayanan ta lura da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya na Zener (V_Z) na 5.2V typ. a 5mA da Ƙimar Yanzu na Baya na Zener (I_Z) na 100mA. Wannan yana nuna wasu raka'a na iya haɗa diode na kariya na ƙarfin lantarki na baya, amma masu ƙira ya kamata su tabbatar da samuwar wannan fasalin da ƙayyadaddun bayanai don takamaiman aikace-aikacensu.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

Saboda bambance-bambancen masana'antu, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki. Fahimtar waɗannan kwandon shara yana da mahimmanci don cimma daidaiton launi da haske a cikin aikace-aikace.

3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken

Ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon ƙarfi guda huɗu (M, N, P, Q) dangane da ƙimar hasken da aka auna a 20mA. Haƙuri don ƙarfin haske shine ±10% a cikin kowane kwandon shara.

• Kwandon M: 1800 mcd zuwa 2250 mcd
• Kwandon N: 2250 mcd zuwa 2850 mcd
• Kwandon P: 2850 mcd zuwa 3600 mcd
• Kwandon Q: 3600 mcd zuwa 4500 mcd

3.2 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Gaba

Hakanan ana rarraba LED bisa ga raguwar ƙarfin gaba a 20mA, tare da rashin tabbas na auna na ±0.1V. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen ƙirar da'irori masu daidaitaccen tuƙi na yanzu, musamman lokacin da aka haɗa LED da yawa a layi daya.

• Kwandon 0: 2.8V zuwa 3.0V
• Kwandon 1: 3.0V zuwa 3.5V
• Kwandon 2: 3.5V zuwa 4.0V

3.3 Rarrabawar Madaidaicin Launi (Chromaticity)

An bayyana launin farin haske ta madaidaitan sa akan zanen chromaticity na CIE 1931. Ana rarraba LED zuwa rukunin launi takwas (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, D2), kowannensu yana da ƙayyadaddun iyakoki mafi ƙanƙanta da matsakaici don duka madaidaitan x da y. Madaidaicin madaidaici shine x=0.29, y=0.28, wanda zai faɗi cikin kwandon C1 ko C2. Rashin tabbas na auna don madaidaitan launi shine ±0.01. Wannan rarrabawar yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi don aikace-aikacen da daidaiton bayyanar farin haske yake da mahimmanci.

4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki

Bayanan hoto yana ba da haske game da yadda LED ke halayya a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Ƙarfin Dangantaka vs. Tsawon Zango

Lanƙwasar rarraba ƙarfin haske yana nuna ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar a cikin tsayin daban-daban. Don LED farin haske ta amfani da tsarin ƙwayar shuɗi + phosphor, wannan lanƙwasa yawanci yana nuna kololuwar rinjaye a yankin shuɗi (kusan 450-460nm daga ƙwayar InGaN) da mafi faɗin kololuwa ko fili a yankin rawaya/kore/ja (daga phosphor). Ana ganin haɗin fitarwa azaman farin haske.

4.2 Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Wannan lanƙwasa ba layi daya bane, halayyar diode. Ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙaruwa a hankali tare da yanzu da farko sannan kuma mafi tsayi. Yin amfani da LED a shawarar 20mA yana tabbatar da cewa yana kan ingantaccen, kashi mai tsayayye na wannan lanƙwasa.

4.3 Ƙarfin Dangantaka vs. Yanzu na Gaba

Fitar haske yana daidai daidai da yanzu na gaba, amma dangantakar ba ta da cikakkiyar layi daya, musamman a yanzu mafi girma saboda raguwar inganci da tasirin zafi. Ƙara yanzu fiye da shawarar matsakaici ba zai haifar da ƙaruwar haske daidai gwargwado ba kuma zai haifar da zafi mai yawa.

4.4 Madaidaicin Launi vs. Yanzu na Gaba

Wannan jadawalin yana kwatanta yadda wurin launi (madaidaitan x, y) zai iya canza ɗan kaɗan tare da canje-canjen yanzun tuƙi. Yawanci, yanzu mafi girma na iya haifar da ɗan canjin shuɗi saboda ƙaruwar zafin ƙwayar cuta da canje-canjen ingancin canjin phosphor.

4.5 Yanzu na Gaba vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Matsakaicin yanzu na gaba da LED ke iya raguwa yayin da yanayin yanayi ya ƙaru. Wannan raguwa yana da mahimmanci don hana zafin haɗin gwiwa ya wuce iyakarsa, wanda zai hanzarta raguwar lumen da rage tsawon rayuwa. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi la'akari da yanayin aiki lokacin saita yanzun tuƙi.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

5.1 Girman Fakitin

LED ya yi daidai da daidaitattun girman fakitin zagaye na T-1 3mm. Muhimman ma'auni sun haɗa da madaidaicin diamita na jiki na 3.0mm da tsayi kusan 5.0mm daga ƙasan flange zuwa saman ruwan tabarau. Jagororin suna da diamita na 0.45mm kuma suna da tazarar 2.54mm (daidaitaccen matakin inci 0.1). Ruwan tabarau yana da tsabta. Duk ƙimar girman girman shine ±0.25mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade in ba haka ba. Ana auna tazarar jagora inda jagororin suka fito daga jikin fakitin. Ana ba da izinin mafi girman tsinkayar guduro na 1.5mm a ƙarƙashin flange.

5.2 Gano Iyakacin Launi

LED wani abu ne mai polarized. Jagoran mafi tsayi yawanci shine anode (tabbatacce), kuma ɗan gajeren jagora shine cathode (maras kyau). Bugu da ƙari, gefen cathode sau da yawa yana da wuri mai lebur akan flange na filastik ko tsaga a cikin gefen. Dole ne a kiyaye daidaitaccen iyakacin launi yayin haɗa da'ira.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Kula da kyau yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewa da tabbatar da aminci.

6.1 Siffantar Jagora

• Dole ne lanƙwasa ya faru a wuri aƙalla 3mm daga gindin kwan fitila na epoxy don guje wa damuwa akan haɗin waya na ciki da mutu.
• Dole ne a koyaushe a yi siffakafin soldering.
• Dole ne a guje wa matsanancin damuwa akan fakitin yayin lanƙwasa.
• Dole ne a yi yankan jagororin a yanayin daki.
• Dole ne ramukan PCB su yi daidai da jagororin LED don guje wa damuwar hawa.

6.2 Yanayin Ajiya

LED na'urori ne masu kula da danshi. Bayan karɓa, ya kamata a adana su a 30°C ko ƙasa da 70% danshi na dangi (RH) ko ƙasa da haka. An ba da shawarar tsawon rayuwar ajiya a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan shine watanni 3. Don ajiya mai tsawo (har zuwa shekara guda), ya kamata a adana na'urorin a cikin jakar shinge mai danshi mai rufewa tare da bushewa kuma a cikin yanayin nitrogen idan zai yiwu. Ya kamata a guje wa saurin canjin yanayin zafi a cikin yanayi mai danshi don hana hazo.

6.3 Shawarwarin Solder

Dole ne a kiyaye mafi ƙarancin nisa na 3mm tsakanin haɗin gwiwar solder da kwan fitilar epoxy don hana lalacewar zafi.

• Solder na Hannu: Yi amfani da ƙarfe mai zafin ƙarshe wanda bai wuce 300°C ba (don matsakaicin ƙarfe 30W). Lokacin tuntuɓar ya kamata ya zama seconds 3 ko ƙasa da haka kowane jagora.
• Solder na Wave ko Dip: Zafin preheat bai kamata ya wuce 100°C ba na matsakaicin seconds 60. Zafin wanka na solder bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba, tare da lokacin tuntuɓar seconds 5 ko ƙasa da haka.

7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tattarawa

Ana tattara LED a cikin jakunkunan anti-static don kariya daga fitar da lantarki. Matsayin tattarawa shine kamar haka:

1. Tattara Ciki: Ana sanya mafi ƙarancin 200 zuwa matsakaicin 500 guda a cikin jakar anti-static ɗaya.
2. Akwatin Ciki: Ana tattara jakunkunan anti-static biyar zuwa akwatin ciki ɗaya.
3. Babban (Waje) Akwatin: Ana tattara akwatuna goma na ciki zuwa babban akwatin jigilar kaya ɗaya.

7.2 Bayanin Alamar

Alamun marufi sun haɗa da lambobi da yawa: Lambar Samar da Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Samarwa (P/N), Adadin Tattarawa (QTY), haɗaɗɗun matsayi don Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken da Ƙarfin Gaba (CAT), Matsayin Launi (HUE), Tunani (REF), da Lambar Lot (LOT No.).

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

• Allunan Saƙo & Alamomi: Ya dace don hasken baya ko azaman alamomin matsayi ɗaya a cikin nunin bayanai saboda ƙarfin haske.
• Alamomin Gani: Cikakke don wutar lantarki, matsayi, ko alamomin faɗakarwa a cikin na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, kayan aikin masana'antu, da dashboards na mota.
• Hasken Baya: Ana iya amfani dashi don ƙananan hasken baya na maɓalli, maɓallan maɓalli, ko allunan LCD.
• Fitilun Alama: Ya dace don hasken kayan ado ko wuri.

8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira

• Iyakance Yanzu: Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jerin ko direba mai daidaitaccen yanzu don saita yanzu na gaba. Lissafa ƙimar resistor ta amfani da R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F.
• Gudanar da Zafi: Yayin da wutar lantarki ta yi ƙasa, tabbatar da isasshen iska idan an yi amfani da LED da yawa a cikin ƙuntataccen sarari ko idan ana aiki a yanayin zafi mai girma.
• Kariya daga Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya: Idan ba a tabbatar da fasalin Zener na haɗin gwiwa ba ko isasshe, yi la'akari da ƙara diode na kariya na waje a layi daya (cathode zuwa anode) tare da LED idan da'irar ta fallasa ga saurin canjin ƙarfin lantarki na baya.
• Rarrabawa don Daidaito: Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton haske ko launi, ƙayyade ƙarfin da ake buƙata da kwandon launi lokacin yin oda.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun LED na nuna alama, babban abin da ya bambanta wannan na'urar shine ƙarfin haskensa mai ƙarfi (har zuwa 4500 mcd) a cikin sanannen fakitin T-1. Yawancin daidaitattun LED farin T-1 suna ba da ƙarfi a cikin kewayon 200-1000 mcd. Wannan ya sa ya zama maye gurbin saukarwa don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haɓaka haske mai mahimmanci ba tare da canza sawun ƙafa ko na'urorin gani ba. Haɗa kariya daga ESD (4KV HBM) kuma yana haɓaka ƙarfin sa idan aka kwatanta da LED na asali ba tare da irin wannan kariya ba, yana sa ya fi dacewa da yanayin da ke da kulawa ko damuwa game da fitar da lantarki.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Ma'auni na Fasaha)

10.1 Wane resistor nake buƙata don wadata 5V?

Yin amfani da mafi munin yanayin matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba (V_F= 4.0V) da manufar yanzu na 20mA, lissafin shine: R = (5V - 4.0V) / 0.020A = 50 Ohms. Madaidaicin ƙimar daidaitaccen ƙimar shine 51 Ohms. Wutar lantarki da aka watsa a cikin resistor shine P = I²R = (0.02)²* 51 = 0.0204W, don haka daidaitaccen resistor 1/4W ya isa. Koyaushe tabbatar da ainihin V_Fna takamaiman kwandon shara na LED don mafi kyawun yanzu.

10.2 Zan iya tuƙa shi a 30mA akai-akai?

Ee, 30mA shine matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar yanzu na gaba na ci gaba. Koyaya, don matsakaicin tsawon rayuwa da kuma lissafin yuwuwar hauhawar zafi a cikin aikace-aikace, ana ba da shawarar yin aiki a ko ɗan ƙasa da madaidaicin 20mA. A 30mA, tabbatar da cewa yanayin yanayi baya cikin iyakar sama na 85°C.

10.3 Ta yaya zan fassara kwandon launi (A1, B2, da sauransu)?

Harafi (A, B, C, D) gabaɗaya yana nuna yanki akan zanen CIE, sau da yawa yana da alaƙa da daidaitaccen zafin launi (CCT). Kwandon 'A' yawanci farin zafi ne (mafi rawaya/ja), yana ci gaba zuwa kwandon 'D' waɗanda suke sanyi farin (mafi shuɗi). Lambar (1, 2) tana ƙara rarraba yankin. Don yawancin aikace-aikacen gabaɗaya, ƙayyade kewayon kamar B-C ya isa. Don aikace-aikacen daidaitawar launi mai mahimmanci, ya kamata a ƙayyade da sarrafa ainihin kwandon shara.

11. Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira na Aiki

Yanayi: Ƙira allon nuna alama mai bayyana sosai don akwatin sadarwa na waje.Allon yana da alamomi 10 waɗanda dole ne a bayyana su a sararin hasken rana. Sarari yana da iyaka, yana buƙatar ƙaramin abu. An zaɓi fakitin T-1 saboda girman sa. An zaɓi wannan LED mai ƙarfi (ta amfani da Kwandon Q don matsakaicin haske). Akwai wadata 12V a cikin akwatin. Matakan ƙira: 1) Lissafa resistor na jerin. Yin amfani da V_F(Kwandon 1 na yau da kullun ~3.2V) da I_F=20mA: R = (12V - 3.2V) / 0.02A = 440 Ohms (yi amfani da daidaitaccen 470 Ohms, sakamakon I_F≈ 18.7mA). 2) Lissafa wutar lantarki na resistor: P = (0.0187)²* 470 ≈ 0.164W (resistor 1/4W ya isa amma 1/2W yana ba da gefe). 3) Tsari: Tabbatar da tazarar 3mm daga ramin PCB zuwa jikin LED don solder. 4) Yi la'akari da ƙara diode na murkushe ƙarfin lantarki akan layin 12V idan yanayin yana da hayaniyar lantarki.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki

Wannan LED farin haske ne wanda aka canza phosphor. Zuciyar na'urar ita ce mutuwar semiconductor da aka yi da Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki na tsarin InGaN, suna fitar da photons. An ƙera bandgap na kayan InGaN don samar da hasken shuɗi tare da tsayin kusan 450-460 nanometers. Wannan hasken shuɗi sai ya bugi Layer na phosphor, wanda kayan yumbu ne da aka yi da sinadaran da ba kasafai ba (sau da yawa yttrium aluminum garnet da aka yi da cerium, ko YAG:Ce). Phosphor yana ɗaukar wani ɓangare na photons shuɗi kuma yana sake fitar da haske a tsayin daka, mafi faɗin tsayin daka a cikin bakan rawaya da ja. Idon ɗan adam yana ganin haɗin sauran hasken shuɗi kai tsaye da hasken rawaya/ja da aka canza phosphor azaman farin haske. Takamaiman ma'auni na shuɗi zuwa rawaya/ja suna ƙayyade zafin launi da madaidaitan launi.

13. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin

Ci gaban ingantattun LED na shuɗi na InGaN, wanda aka ba da lambar yabo ta Nobel a Physics a cikin 2014, ya ba da damar ƙirƙirar LED farin haske na aiki ta hanyar canjin phosphor. Trend a cikin masana'antu ya kasance zuwa mafi inganci (mafi lumens kowace watt), mafi aminci, da mafi kyawun bayyana launi. Yayin da wannan takardar bayanan ta bayyana LED mai matsakaicin ƙarfi a cikin fakitin ta hanyar rami, babban kasuwa ya ga babban canji zuwa fakitin na'urar hawa saman (SMD) (kamar 2835, 3030, 5050) don yawancin aikace-aikacen haske na gabaɗaya da hasken baya saboda mafi kyawun aikin zafi da dacewa don haɗawa ta atomatik. Koyaya, LED ta hanyar rami kamar wannan fakitin T-1 sun kasance masu mahimmanci don ƙirar ƙira, amfani da ilimi, kasuwannin gyara, da aikace-aikacen da ake fifita haɗawa ta hannu ko ƙarfin haɗin jagora. Haɗa fasali kamar kariya daga ESD da ƙarin daidaitaccen rarrabawa, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wannan takardar bayanan, yana wakiltar juyin halitta na waɗannan nau'ikan fakitin da suka girma don saduwa da buƙatun aminci da aiki na zamani.