Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Duba na Samfur
- 2. Zurfin Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa
- 3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Haske
- 3.2 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba
- 3.3 Haɗin Launi
- 4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki
- 4.1 Matsakaicin Ƙarfi Dangane da Tsawon Zango
- 4.2 Tsarin Jagora
- 4.3 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba Dangane da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)
- 4.4 Matsakaicin Ƙarfi Dangane da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba
- 4.5 Matsakaiciyar Matsakaiciyar Launi Dangane da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba
- 4.6 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba Dangane da Yanayin Yanayi
- 5. Bayanan Injiniya da Kunshi
- 5.1 Girman Kunshi
- 5.2 Gano Polarity
- 6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
- 6.1 Siffantar Jagora
- 6.2 Yanayin Ajiya
- 6.3 Ma'auni na Solder
- 7. Bayanan Tattarawa da Oda
- 7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tattarawa
- 7.2 Bayanin Alama
- 7.3 Ƙirar Lambar Samfur
- 8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
- 8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
- 8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira
- 9. Kwatanta da Bambance-bambancen Fasaha
- 10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
- 10.1 Menene ƙarfin aiki da ake ba da shawara?
- 10.2 Zan iya tuka wannan LED a 30 mA akai-akai?
- 10.3 Ta yaya zan fassara rukunin launi A0, B5, B6?
- 10.4 Shin resistor mai iyakancewa ya zama dole?
- 11. Ƙirar Aiki da Amfani da Aiki
- 12. Gabatar da Ka'idar Aiki
- 13. Trends na Fasaha
1. Duba na Samfur
Wannan takarda ta cika bayanan ƙayyadaddun bayanai don fitilar LED mai haske mai ƙarfi wanda aka haɗa a cikin sanannen kunshin zagaye na T-1 3/4. An ƙera na'urar ta amfani da guntu na semiconductor na InGaN. Hasken shuɗi da wannan guntu ke fitarwa ana canza shi zuwa hasken fari ta hanyar Layer na phosphor da aka ajiye a cikin kofin mai nuni. An inganta wannan ƙira don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai ƙarfi da bayyana bayyanawa.
Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da ƙarfin fitar da haske mai ƙarfi da ƙaƙƙarfan siffar masana'antu wanda ke sauƙaƙe haɗawa cikin ƙirar da ke akwai. Ya dace da babbar kasuwa mai niyya, gami da kwamfutocin sarrafa masana'antu, na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, da alamun alama.
2. Zurfin Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni
Kada a yi amfani da na'urar fiye da waɗannan iyakoki don hana lalacewa na dindindin.
- Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (IF):30 mA
- Kololuwar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (IFP):100 mA (Duty Cycle 1/10 @ 1 kHz)
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (VR):5 V
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):110 mW
- Yanayin Aiki (Topr):-40°C zuwa +85°C
- Yanayin Ajiya (Tstg):-40°C zuwa +100°C
- ESD Jurewa (HBM):4 kV
- Yanayin Solder (Tsol):260°C na 5 seconds mafi girma.
2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske
Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a yanayin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):2.8 V (Mafi ƙanƙanta), 3.2 V (Na Yau da Kullun), 3.6 V (Mafi girma) a IF= 20 mA.
- Ƙarfin Haske (IV):14250 mcd (Mafi ƙanƙanta), Ba a ƙayyade ƙimar yau da kullun ba, 28500 mcd (Mafi girma) a IF= 20 mA.
- Kusurwar Kallo (2θ1/2):15 digiri (Na Yau da Kullun) a IF= 20 mA.
- Matsakaiciyar Launi:x = 0.30 (Na Yau da Kullun), y = 0.29 (Na Yau da Kullun) bisa ga ma'aunin CIE 1931 a IF= 20 mA.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (IR):50 μA (Mafi girma) a VR= 5V.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya na Zener (Vz):5.2 V (Na Yau da Kullun) a Iz= 5 mA. Wannan yana nuna kasancewar diode na kariya na Zener da aka haɗa.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa
Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki bisa ga mahimman ma'auni na aiki.
3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Haske
Ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki guda uku (W, X, Y) dangane da mafi ƙanƙanta da mafi girman ƙarfin haske da aka auna a 20 mA.
- Kwandon W:14250 mcd zuwa 18000 mcd
- Kwandon X:18000 mcd zuwa 22500 mcd
- Kwandon Y:22500 mcd zuwa 28500 mcd
Matsakaicin jurewar ƙarfin haske shine ±10%.
3.2 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba
Hakanan ana rarraba LED ta hanyar faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a 20 mA zuwa ƙungiyoyi huɗu (0, 1, 2, 3).
- Kwandon 0:2.8 V zuwa 3.0 V
- Kwandon 1:3.0 V zuwa 3.2 V
- Kwandon 2:3.2 V zuwa 3.4 V
- Kwandon 3:3.4 V zuwa 3.6 V
Rashin tabbas na auna ƙarfin lantarki na gaba shine ±0.1V.
3.3 Haɗin Launi
Ana bayyana fitarwar launi ta takamaiman rukuni. Don wannan samfurin, rukunin da aka keɓe shine4, wanda yayi daidai da haɗin matsayin launiA0, B5, da B6. Waɗannan matsayi suna bayyana takamaiman yanki akan zanen chromaticity na CIE don tabbatar da wurin launin fari ya faɗi cikin yanki da aka sarrafa.
4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki
Takardar bayanan ta ba da lanƙwasa halaye da yawa waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙirar kewaye da sarrafa zafi.
4.1 Matsakaicin Ƙarfi Dangane da Tsawon Zango
Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna rarraba ƙarfin haske na fitarwar hasken fari. Yawanci yana fasalta babban kololuwar shuɗi daga guntun InGaN da mafi faɗin fitarwar phosphor na rawaya, wanda ke haɗuwa don samar da hasken fari.
4.2 Tsarin Jagora
Zanen polar da ke kwatanta rarraba sararin samaniya na ƙarfin haske, yana tabbatar da ƙunƙuntaccen kusurwar kallo na digiri 15. Tsarin yana nuna babban ƙarfi kai tsaye akan-axis, wanda ke raguwa da sauri a kusurwoyi masu faɗi.
4.3 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba Dangane da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)
Wannan jadawali yana nuna alaƙar ƙima tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki da ƙarfin lantarki, na yau da kullun na diode. Yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar kewayen iyakancewa. Lanƙwasa zai nuna ƙarfin lantarki na kunna da juriya mai ƙarfi a yankin aiki.
4.4 Matsakaicin Ƙarfi Dangane da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba
Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna yadda fitarwar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin lantarki na tuƙi. Gabaɗaya yana da layi a cikin kewayon aiki da aka ba da shawara amma yana iya jikewa ko fuskantar raguwar inganci a ƙarfin lantarki mai girma sosai.
4.5 Matsakaiciyar Matsakaiciyar Launi Dangane da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba
Wannan makircin yana nuna yadda wurin fari (zafin launi da launi) zai iya canzawa tare da canje-canje a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na tuƙi, wanda ke da mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen mai mahimmanci na launi.
4.6 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba Dangane da Yanayin Yanayi
Wannan lanƙwasa na rage ƙimar yana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da aka yarda a matsayin aikin yanayin yanayi. Don tabbatar da amincin da hana zafi, dole ne a rage ƙarfin lantarki na tuƙi lokacin aiki a yanayin zafi.
5. Bayanan Injiniya da Kunshi
5.1 Girman Kunshi
LED yana cikin kunshin zagaye na T-1 3/4 (5mm) tare da ruwan tabarau na resin mai tsabta. Muhimman bayanan girma sun haɗa da:
- Duk girma yana cikin millimeters (mm).
- Matsakaicin jurewar tsohuwa shine ±0.25mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade.
- Ana auna tazarar jagora a wurin da jagororin suka fita daga jikin kunshin.
- Matsakaicin tsinkaya na resin ƙasa da flange shine 1.5mm.
Zanen girma yana ba da cikakkun ma'auni don diamita na ruwan tabarau, tsayin kunshin, tsayin jagora, da diamita na jagora.
5.2 Gano Polarity
Ana gano cathode ta hanyar fili a gefen flange na filastik ko ta hanyar gajeriyar jagora. Zanen takardar bayanan yana nuna alama a sarari anode da cathode.
6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
Daidaitaccen sarrafawa yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye aikin LED da aminci.
6.1 Siffantar Jagora
- Dole ne a yi lanƙwasa aƙalla 3mm daga gindin kwan fitila na epoxy.
- Siffata jagororin kafin solder.
- Kawar da damuwa ga kunshin yayin lanƙwasa, saboda yana iya haifar da lalacewa na ciki ko karyewa.
- Yanke jagora a yanayin daki.
- Tabbatar da ramukan PCB sun yi daidai da jagororin LED don guje wa damuwa na hawa.
6.2 Yanayin Ajiya
- Ajiyar da aka ba da shawara: ≤30°C da ≤70% Yanayin Danshi.
- Rayuwar shiryayye bayan jigilar kaya: watanni 3 ƙarƙashin yanayin da aka ba da shawara.
- Don ajiya mai tsawo (har zuwa shekara 1), yi amfani da akwati mai rufi tare da yanayin nitrogen da desiccant.
- Kawar da saurin canjin yanayin zafi a cikin yanayi mai ɗanɗano don hana hazo.
6.3 Ma'auni na Solder
Kiyaye mafi ƙarancin nisa na 3mm daga haɗin gwiwar solder zuwa kwan fitila na epoxy.
- Solder na Hannu:Zazzabin ƙarshen ƙarfe ≤300°C (don ƙarfe mafi girma 30W), lokacin solder ≤3 seconds.
- Solder na Wave/DIP:Zazzabin preheat ≤100°C (don ≤60 sec), zafin wanka na solder ≤260°C don ≤5 seconds.
7. Bayanan Tattarawa da Oda
7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tattarawa
Ana tattara LED don hana fitar da lantarki mai tsauri (ESD) da shigar danshi.
- Tattarawa na Farko:Jakunkunan anti-static.
- Yawa:200 zuwa 500 guda a kowace jaka.
- Tattarawa na Biyu:Ana sanya jakunkuna 5 a cikin akwati na ciki ɗaya.
- Tattarawa na Uku:Ana tattara akwatunan ciki 10 a cikin babban akwati (waje) ɗaya.
7.2 Bayanin Alama
Alamun da ke kan tattarawa sun ƙunshi bayanan masu zuwa: Lambar Sashen Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Sashen Samarwa (P/N), Yawan Tattarawa (QTY), Lambar Rarrabawa don Ƙarfin Haske da Ƙarfin Lantarki (CAT), Matsayin Launi (HUE), Magana (REF), da Lambar Lot (LOT No).
7.3 Ƙirar Lambar Samfur
Lambar sashe334-15/T1C1-4WYAyana bin takamaiman tsarin lamba inda abubuwa kamar lambar sashe na tushe (334-15), nau'in kunshi (T1), nau'in guntu/launi (C1), da lambobin rarrabawa don rukunin launi, ƙarfin haske, da rukunin ƙarfin lantarki aka haɗa. Cikakken fassarar lambobin wurin ajiye kaya na ƙarshe (wakilin murabba'ai) za a bayyana su a cikin cikakken maɓalli na lambar sashe.
8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
- Panels na Saƙo & Alamun Alama:Mai kyau don fitilun nuni masu haske mai ƙarfi a cikin nunin bayanai.
- Nuna na Haske:Ya dace da fitilun matsayi akan kayan aikin masana'antu, na'urorin mabukaci, da dashbodin motoci inda ake buƙatar bayyana bayyanawa.
- Haske na Baya:Ana iya amfani da shi don ƙananan hasken baya na almara, alamomi, ko ƙananan allunan LCD.
- Fitilun Alama:Yana da tasiri don fitilun matsayi ko alama.
8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira
- Iyakancewa na Yanzu:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jerin ko direba mai ƙarfi akai-akai don iyakance ƙarfin lantarki na gaba zuwa ƙimar aminci, yawanci 20 mA don mafi kyawun aiki da tsawon rai.
- Gudanar da Zafi:Ko da yake raguwar wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa, tabbatar da isasshen iska da kuma guje wa tattara LED sosai akan PCB don hana zafi na yanki, wanda zai iya rage fitarwar haske da tsawon rai.
- Kariya ta ESD:Yayin da na'urar ke da kariyar ESD na 4kV HBM, yakamata a kiyaye matakan kariya na ESD na yau da kullun yayin haɗawa.
- Ƙirar Haske:Ƙunƙuntaccen kusurwar kallo na digiri 15 ya sa wannan LED ya dace da hasken da aka jagoranta. Don haske mai faɗi, ƙila a buƙaci na'urorin gani na biyu (kamar masu watsawa ko ruwan tabarau).
9. Kwatanta da Bambance-bambancen Fasaha
Idan aka kwatanta da LED na T1 3/4 na yau da kullun, wannan na'urar tana ba da ƙarfin haske mai ƙarfi sosai, yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ake buƙatar mafi girman haske. Haɗin diode na Zener don kariyar ƙarfin lantarki na baya wata fasali ce mai mahimmanci wacce ke haɓaka ƙarfi a cikin ƙirar kewayen da ƙarfin lantarki ko haɗin polarity mara kyau zai iya faruwa. Takamaiman rarrabawa don ƙarfi, ƙarfin lantarki, da launi yana ba masu ƙira aiki mai hasashe, wanda ke da mahimmanci don daidaito a cikin samfuran da aka samar da yawa.
10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
10.1 Menene ƙarfin aiki da ake ba da shawara?
An ƙayyade halayen lantarki da haske a 20 mA, wanda shine ma'aunin gwaji na yau da kullun kuma wurin aiki na yau da kullun da aka ba da shawara don mafi kyawun daidaito na haske, inganci, da aminci.
10.2 Zan iya tuka wannan LED a 30 mA akai-akai?
Yayin da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na ci gaba shine 30 mA, yin aiki a wannan iyaka zai haifar da ƙarin zafi kuma yana iya rage tsawon rai na LED. Gabaɗaya ana ba da shawarar yin aiki ƙasa da mafi girma, a 20 mA, sai dai idan ƙirar zafin aikace-aikacen ta yi la'akari da mafi girman raguwar wutar lantarki.
10.3 Ta yaya zan fassara rukunin launi A0, B5, B6?
Waɗannan lambobi ne da ke bayyana takamaiman murabba'ai (ko yankuna) akan zanen chromaticity na CIE 1931. Ana gwada LED bayan samarwa, kuma ana auna matsakaicin launinsu (x, y). Idan matsakaicin ya faɗi cikin yankin da aka ayyana don A0, B5, ko B6, ana sanya LED zuwa wannan matsayin launi. Rukuni na 4 wani takamaiman haɗin LED ne daga waɗannan matsayi guda uku don cimma takamaiman halayen wurin fari gabaɗaya.
10.4 Shin resistor mai iyakancewa ya zama dole?
Ee, tabbas. LED na'urar da aka tuƙa ne. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana da jurewa (2.8V zuwa 3.6V). Haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa tushen ƙarfin lantarki kamar layin 3.3V ko 5V ba tare da resistor na jerin ba zai haifar da ƙarfin lantarki mara sarrafawa wanda zai iya wuce matsakaicin ƙima da lalata LED nan take.
11. Ƙirar Aiki da Amfani da Aiki
Harka: Ƙirar Panel Nuna Matsayi mai Bayyanawa
Mai ƙira yana ƙirƙira panel iko don injinan masana'antu wanda ke buƙatar fitilun nuna matsayi masu haske da yawa, marasa shakka (misali, Kunna Wuta, Laifi, Tsaye). Za a duba panel daga mita da yawa a cikin yanayi mai haske.
Dalilin Zaɓi:Babban ƙarfin haske (har zuwa 28,500 mcd) na wannan LED yana tabbatar da bayyana bayyanawa ko da a cikin hasken yanayi mai haske. Ƙunƙuntaccen kusurwar kallo na digiri 15 yana tattara haske zuwa katako, yana sa mai nuni ya zama takamaiman tushen batu.
Ƙirar Kewaye:Kowane LED ana tuƙa shi ta hanyar siginar dabaru na 5V ta hanyar canjin transistor. Ana ƙididdige resistor na jerin dangane da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na yau da kullun (3.2V) da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ake so na 20 mA: R = (5V - 3.2V) / 0.02A = 90 Ohms. An zaɓi resistor na yau da kullun 91 Ohm, 1/4W. Diode na Zener da aka haɗa yana kare LED idan an canza polarity da gangan yayin kulawa.
Shimfidawa:Ana ba da isasshen tazara ga LED akan PCB don ba da damar zubar da zafi. Ana shigar da jagororin cikin allon, kuma yayin solder na igiyar ruwa, ana sarrafa bayanan zafin jiki don tsaya a cikin iyakar 260°C na 5 seconds.
12. Gabatar da Ka'idar Aiki
Wannan LED ya dogara ne akan tsarin heterostructure na semiconductor da aka yi da Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki na guntu, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Takamaiman abun da ke ciki na gami na InGaN an daidaita shi don fitar da hasken shuɗi tare da tsawon zango kusan 450-470 nm.
Wannan hasken shuɗi sai ya bugi murfin phosphor (yawanci bisa Yttrium Aluminum Garnet da aka yi da Cerium, ko YAG:Ce) wanda aka ajiye a cikin kofin mai nuni da ke kewaye da guntu. Phosphor yana ɗaukar wani ɓangare na photons shuɗi kuma yana sake fitar da haske a cikin babban bakan a yankin rawaya. Idon ɗan adam yana ganin cakuda sauran hasken shuɗi da hasken rawaya da aka fitar a matsayin fari. Wannan hanyar ana kiranta da fasahar LED fari da aka canza phosphor.
13. Trends na Fasaha
Ci gaban LED fari an motsa shi ta ci gaban fasahar guntu da phosphor. Trends sun haɗa da haɓaka ingancin haske (ƙarin lumens kowace watt), inganta ma'aunin nuna launi (CRI) don ƙarin hasken fari mai kama da na halitta, da kuma cimma mafi girman aminci da tsawon rayuwa. Trends na kunshi sun mayar da hankali kan ƙananan ƙira, ingantaccen sarrafa zafi don sarrafa mafi girman yawan wutar lantarki, da daidaita sawun ƙafa don sauƙaƙe haɗawar ƙira. Amfani da guntayen shuɗi na tushen InGaN tare da tsarin phosphor na ci gaba ya kasance babban kuma mafi inganci fasaha don samar da hasken fari mai ƙarfi daga tushen ƙwaƙƙwaran jiki.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |