Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na Babban LED na Infrared HIR-C19D-1N90/L649-P03/TR - Kunshin SMD - 850nm - 3.5V - 3W

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

HIR-C19D-1N90/L649-P03/TR babban diode ne mai fitar da hasken infrared wanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikace masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke buƙatar haske mai ƙarfi da inganci. An saka shi a cikin ƙaramin kunshin na'urar da ake hawa a saman (SMD), wanda ya sa ya dace da hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik. An ƙera na'urar da kayan siliki mai tsabta kamar ruwa wanda ke da ruwan tabarau na sama mai siffar yanki, wanda ke taimakawa wajen cimma kusurwar kallo da bayanin ƙarfin haske da aka ƙayyade.

Babban fa'idar wannan LED yana cikin haɗuwar ƙaramin siffa da ingantaccen fitar da haske. An gina shi ta amfani da kayan chip na GaAlAs (Gallium Aluminum Arsenide), wanda aka inganta don fitarwa a cikin bakan infrared na kusa. Wani muhimmin siffa shi ne daidaitawar sa da photodiodes na silicon da phototransistors, wanda ya sa ya zama tushen haske mai kyau ga tsarin ganowa da hoto waɗanda ke amfani da waɗannan na'urori na gano silicon na gama gari. Wannan yana tabbatar da matsakaicin amsa da rabo na sigina zuwa amo a aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya.

Babban kasuwanni da aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya sun haɗa da tsarin sa ido da tsaro, musamman kyamarori na tushen CCD don hangen dare, da kuma nau'ikan tsarin infrared daban-daban kamar na'urori masu gano kusanci, sarrafa masana'antu, da hangen nesa na inji. Daidaitawar sa da ƙa'idodin muhalli kamar RoHS, REACH, da buƙatun marasa halogen ya sa ya dace don amfani a cikin samfuran da ke da buƙatun ƙa'ida masu tsauri.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsayi

Na'urar tana da ƙimar ci gaba mai ci gaba (I_F) na 1500 mA. Don aikin bugun jini, tana iya ɗaukar ƙimar bugun jini mai ci gaba (I_FP) na 5000 mA a ƙarƙashin yanayi na musamman (faɗin bugun jini ≤100μs, zagayowar aiki ≤1%). Matsakaicin ƙarfin baya (V_R) shine 5V, wanda shine ƙimar al'ada ga LEDs kuma yana nuna cewa bai kamata a sanya na'urar zuwa babban bambanci ba. Yanayin aiki da ajiya an ƙayyade daga -40°C zuwa +100°C, tare da matsakaicin yanayin haɗuwa (T_j) na 125°C. Wuce waɗannan ƙimar na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin.

Juriya na zafi daga haɗuwa zuwa tsarin gubar (R_th(j-L)) shine 18 K/W. Wannan sigogi yana da mahimmanci ga sarrafa zafi. Yana bayyana yadda yanayin haɗuwa ke tashi ga kowace watt na wutar da aka watsar. Tare da ƙayyadaddun watsar da wutar lantarki (P_d) na 3W a I_F=700mA, ingantaccen ajiye zafi yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye yanayin haɗuwa a cikin iyakoki masu aminci, musamman a manyan igiyoyin tuƙi.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

Ana auna manyan sigogi na gani a daidaitaccen yanayin yanayi na 25°C. Tsawon raƙuman raƙuman ruwa (λ_p) shine 850 nm, wanda yake cikin yankin infrared na kusa kuma ba a iya gani ga idon ɗan adam amma ana iya gano shi sosai ta na'urori masu gano silicon. Faɗin bakan (Δλ) yawanci shine 25 nm, yana nuna tsaftar bakan hasken da aka fitar.

Ayyukan haske yana da ma'auni tare da igiyar tuƙi:

• A I_F=350 mA: Jimlar Ƙarfin Radiated (P_o) shine 500 mW (typ), Ƙarfin Radiant (I_E) shine 200 mW/sr (typ).
• A I_F=700 mA: P_oshine 900 mW (typ), I_Eshine 400 mW/sr (typ).
• A I_F=1 A: P_oshine 1300 mW (typ), I_Eshine 560 mW/sr (typ).

Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin lantarki saboda juriya na asali na diode:

• 3.0V (typ) a 350 mA.
• 3.3V (typ) a 700 mA.
• 3.5V (typ) a 1 A.
• 3.8V (typ) a 5 A (bugun jini).

Ƙarfin lantarki na baya (I_R) shine matsakaicin 10 μA a V_R=5V. Kusurwar kallo (2θ_1/2), wanda aka ayyana shi azaman cikakkiyar kusurwa a rabin ƙarfi, shine digiri 90, yana ba da tsarin haske mai faɗi wanda ya dace da hasken yanki.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Samfurin yana amfani da tsarin rarraba don Jimlar Ƙarfin Radiated da aka auna a igiyar tuƙi na 1000 mA (1A). Wannan tsarin yana rarraba LEDs bisa ga fitowar gani don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin aikin aikace-aikace. Lambobin kwandon da kewayon wutar su masu dacewa (gami da juzu'in gwaji na ±10%) sune:

• Kwandon G:Mafi ƙarancin 800 mW, Matsakaicin 1260 mW.
• Kwandon H:Mafi ƙarancin 1000 mW, Matsakaicin 1600 mW.
• Kwandon I:Mafi ƙarancin 1260 mW, Matsakaicin 2000 mW.

Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar abubuwan da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun haske don tsarin su. Takardar bayanin ba ta nuna kwandon daban-daban don tsawon raƙuman ruwa ko ƙarfin lantarki na gaba don wannan takamaiman lambar sashi ba, yana nuna tsauraran kulawa akan waɗannan sigogi a cikin masana'anta.

4. Bincike na Lankwala na Aiki

Takardar bayanin tana nufin lankwala na halaye na yau da kullun waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki daban-daban.

Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Hoto na 1):Wannan lankwala na IV yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni na al'ada na diode. Yana da mahimmanci don ƙira da'irar tuƙi na yanzu da lissafin amfani da wutar lantarki (V_F* I_F). Lankwala zai motsa tare da zafin jiki.

Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Radiant / Jimlar Wutar Lantarki (Hoto na 2 & Hoto na 3):Waɗannan jadawalin suna kwatanta fitar da haske a matsayin aikin igiyar tuƙi. Alakar gabaɗaya ta layi ne a ƙananan igiyoyin lantarki amma yana iya nuna alamun raguwar inganci (ƙaruwa ta ƙasa da layi) a manyan igiyoyin lantarki saboda tasirin zafi da lantarki. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen zaɓar mafi kyawun wurin aiki don daidaita fitarwa da inganci / zafi.

Ƙarfin Radiant na Dangantaka vs. Matsawar Angular (Hoto na 4):Wannan makircin polar yana ayyana tsarin radiation na sarari. An tabbatar da kusurwar kallo na digiri 90 a nan. Siffar lankwala (misali, Lambertian, batwing) yana tasiri yadda ake rarraba haske akan yankin da aka yi niyya.

Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Yanayin Yanayi (Hoto na 5):Wannan lankwala na rage ƙima ɗaya ne daga cikin mafi mahimmanci don amincin. Yana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da aka yarda don kiyaye yanayin haɗuwa ƙasa da 125°C yayin da yanayin yanayi ke ƙaruwa. A 100°C yanayi, ƙarfin lantarki mai ci gaba da aka yarda an rage shi sosai. Dole ne a yi amfani da wannan jadawalin don kowane ƙira da ke aiki a cikin yanayin da ba 25°C ba.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Girman Kunshi

LED yana cikin kunshin da ake hawa a saman. Manyan girma daga zanen sun haɗa da girman jiki, tsayin ruwan tabarau, da tazarar gubar. Ana jurewa yawanci ±0.1mm sai dai idan an lura daban. Bayanin kulawa mai mahimmanci yana gargaɗi game da amfani da ƙarfi ga ruwan tabarau, saboda wannan na iya lalata tsarin ciki kuma ya haifar da gazawar na'urar. Ya kamata a kula da na'urar ta jikinta ko gubar yayin haɗawa.

5.2 Tsarin Pad da Polarity

Na'urar tana da pad ɗin lantarki guda uku: Pad 1 shine Anode (+), Pad 2 shine Cathode (-), kuma Pad P shine Pad na Zafi na Musamman. Pad na zafi yana da mahimmanci don canja wurin zafi daga haɗuwar LED zuwa allon da'ira da aka buga (PCB). Don mafi kyawun aikin zafi da na lantarki, tsarin PCB dole ne ya haɗa da guga na tagulla mai girman da ya dace wanda aka haɗa da wannan pad, tare da ramukan zafi zuwa ciki ko ƙananan yadudduka idan ya cancanta. Haɗin polarity daidai (Anode zuwa samfurin tabbatacce) wajibi ne don aiki.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Reflow Solder

Na'urar ta dace da daidaitattun hanyoyin reflow na SMT. An ba da bayanin reflow maras gubar:

• Ƙimar Hawa:2~3 °C/sec.
• Preheat:150~200°C na 60~120 seconds.
• Zafin Jiki na Ruwa (T_L):217°C.
• Lokaci Sama da T_L:60~90 seconds.
• Matsakaicin Zafin Jiki (T_P):240 ±5°C.
• Lokaci a Kololuwa (t_P):Matsakaicin 20 seconds.
• Ƙimar Saukarwa:3~5 °C/sec.

Ana ba da shawarar cewa kada a yi reflow solder fiye da sau biyu don rage damuwa na zafi akan kunshi da haɗin ciki. Ya kamata a guji damuwa akan LED yayin dumama, kuma bai kamata a lanƙwasa allon da'ira bayan solder ba don hana lalacewar injina ga haɗin solder ko LED kanta.

6.2 Yanayin Ajiya

Ana jigilar na'urar a cikin kunshin mai jurewa danshi, gami da jakar kariya daga danshi na aluminum tare da desiccant. Idan an buɗe kunshin, na'urori suna da hankali ga shan danshi kuma yakamata a yi amfani da su cikin ƙayyadadden lokaci ko a gasa su bisa daidaitattun hanyoyin MSL (Matakin Hankali na Danshi) kafin reflow don hana lalacewar "popcorning" yayin solder. Ba a bayyana takamaiman matakin MSL a cikin abin da aka cire ba.

7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

Ana samar da na'urar akan tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya da reel don haɗawa ta atomatik ta ɗauka da sanya. Kowane reel yana ɗauke da guda 400. An ba da girman tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya don tabbatar da dacewa da kayan aikin ciyarwa. Alamar kunshi ta haɗa da bayanan daidaitattun kamar Lambar Sashi (P/N), adadi (QTY), da lambar kuri'a (LOT No.) don bin diddigin. Lambar kwandon don ƙarfin haske (CAT) kuma za a nuna a nan.

8. Bayanin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ɗaukar Shawara na Ƙira

8.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Wannan LED na infrared yana buƙatar tushen ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun don aiki mai ƙarfi, ba ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun ba. Ana iya amfani da resistor na jerin abubuwa masu sauƙi don aikace-aikacen ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki, amma ga manyan igiyoyin lantarki waɗannan na'urar ke da ikon yin, ana ba da shawarar takamaiman IC mai tuƙi LED ko mai sarrafa ƙarfin lantarki na tushen transistor don tabbatar da fitar da haske mai daidaito da kare LED daga ƙararrakin ƙarfin lantarki. Dole ne direban ya iya samar da har zuwa ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ake buƙata da kuma sarrafa faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba.

8.2 Gudanar da Zafi

Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin al'amarin amfani da wannan babban LED. Takardar bayanin a sarari tana ba da shawarar ƙara ajiyar zafi. Ƙirar PCB dole ne ta haɗa da babban pad na zafi wanda aka haɗa da pad ɗin zafi na LED tare da yankin tagulla mai yawa. Ana ba da shawarar sosai amfani da ramukan zafi don kai zafi zuwa wasu yadudduka na PCB ko wani ajiyar zafi na waje. Matsakaicin yanayin haɗuwa na 125°C bai kamata a wuce ba; saboda haka, yakamata a yi lissafin zafi ko ma'auni bisa ainihin ƙarfin lantarki na aiki, yanayin yanayi, da kaddarorin zafi na PCB.

8.3 Ƙira ta Gani

Don aikace-aikace kamar hasken kyamara, ana iya amfani da na'urori na gani na biyu (ruwan tabarau ko masu nuni) don daidaitawa ko siffanta hasken digiri 90 zuwa wani tsari mai mai da hankali don ƙara nisa ko inganci. Ruwan tabarau mai tsabta yana tabbatar da ƙarancin shan hasken infrared. Masu ƙira yakamata su yi la'akari da ƙarfin haske (mW/sr) maimakon kawai jimlar wutar lantarki lokacin da suke ƙira don hasken da ke nesa.

9. Kwatance da Bambance-bambancen Fasaha

Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun LEDs na infrared na 5mm ko 3mm ta hanyar rami, wannan na'urar SMD tana ba da fitowar wutar lantarki mai gani sosai (har zuwa 1300+ mW idan aka kwatanta da dubunnan mW) a cikin ƙaramin kunshi mai ƙarfi da masana'antu. Juriya na zafi na 18 K/W yana da ƙasa kaɗan ga LED na SMD, yana nuna hanya mai kyau ta zafi, amma har yanzu yana buƙatar kulawa mai kyau idan aka kwatanta da LEDs da aka sanya akan PCBs na tushen ƙarfe ko tare da ajiyar zafi da aka haɗa. Tsawon raƙuman ruwa na 850nm ƙa'ida ce ta gama gari, tana ba da daidaito mai kyau tsakanin hankalin mai gano silicon da ƙarancin ganuwa idan aka kwatanta da LEDs na 940nm (waɗanda kusan ba a iya gani ba amma suna haifar da ƙarancin amsawar firikwensin).

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED kai tsaye daga samfurin 5V tare da resistor?

A: Mai yiwuwa, amma yana buƙatar lissafi mai kyau. A 1A, V_F~3.5V ne. Resistor na jerin abubuwa zai buƙaci faɗuwar 1.5V a 1A, ma'ana R = 1.5Ω kuma zai watsar da 1.5W. Wannan ba shi da inganci kuma yana haifar da ƙarin zafi. Ana fifita mai sarrafa ƙarfin lantarki na musamman sosai don igiyoyin lantarki sama da 350mA.

Q: Me yasa ake buƙatar ajiyar zafi?

A: A 700mA, watsar da wutar lantarki kusan 3.3V * 0.7A = 2.31W ne. Tare da juriya na zafi na 18 K/W, haɗuwa zai tashi 2.31W * 18 K/W = ~41.6°C sama da zafin gubar. Idan PCB/gubar ba a sanyaya shi ba, haɗuwa zai iya wuce 125°C cikin sauƙi, yana haifar da lalacewa cikin sauri ko gazawa.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin Jimlar Ƙarfin Radiated (mW) da Ƙarfin Radiant (mW/sr)?

A: Jimlar Ƙarfin Radiant shine haɗakar ƙarfin gani da aka fitar a kowane bangare. Ƙarfin Radiant shine ƙarfin da aka fitar kowane raka'in kusurwa mai ƙarfi a wani takamaiman shugabanci (yawanci akan-axis). Ƙarfi ya fi dacewa ga aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya, yayin da jimlar wutar lantarki ke da mahimmanci don ingantaccen tsarin tsarin.

Q: Shin wannan LED yana da aminci ga bayyanar ido?

A: LEDs na infrared, musamman masu ƙarfi, na iya zama haɗari ga idanu. Suna fitar da radiation da ba a iya gani ba wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewar ido kafin reflex na lumshe ido ya shiga. Koyaushe ku bi ƙa'idodin aminci na samfurin laser/infrared masu dacewa (kamar IEC 62471) kuma ku aiwatar da kariya masu dacewa (masu watsawa, shinge, iyakoki na ƙarfi) a cikin samfurin ƙarshe.

11. Nazarin Ƙira da Amfani

Yanayi: Hangen Dare don Kyamarar Tsaro.

Mai ƙira yana ƙirƙirar ƙaramin kyamara na IP tare da ikon hangen dare ta amfani da firikwensin hoto na tushen silicon. Sun zaɓi wannan LED na 850nm saboda babban fitarwa da daidaitawar bakan. An sanya LEDs huɗu a kusa da ruwan tabarau na kyamara. Kowane ana tuƙa shi a 700mA ta ƙaramin IC mai tuƙi LED mai canzawa don tabbatar da fitarwa mai ƙarfi yayin da ƙarfin lantarki na baturi ke canzawa. PCB allon ne mai yadudduka 4 tare da filin ƙasa na ciki wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar ramukan zafi da yawa zuwa babban pad ɗin tagulla a ƙarƙashin kowane LED don yada zafi. An sanya ɗan ƙaramin fim ɗin watsawa akan LEDs don haɗa igiyoyin haske da rage wurare masu zafi a cikin hoton. An tabbatar da ƙirar zafi tare da kyamarar zafi, yana tabbatar da cewa zafin jikin LED ya kasance ƙasa da 85°C a cikin yanayin yanayi na 40°C, yana kiyaye haɗuwa cikin aminci ƙasa da iyakarsa. Sakamakon tsarin yana ba da hotunan hangen dare masu tsabta, daidaitattun haske har zuwa mita 30.

12. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Fasaha

LEDs na infrared suna aiki akan ka'idar asali ɗaya da na LED na gani: electroluminescence a cikin haɗuwar p-n na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yankin aiki inda suke sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Tsawon raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar makamashin bandgap na kayan semiconductor. GaAlAs (Gallium Aluminum Arsenide) wani fili ne na semiconductor wanda za'a iya daidaita bandgap ɗinsa ta hanyar bambanta abun ciki na Aluminum don fitarwa a cikin kewayon infrared na kusa, musamman kusan 850nm. Rufe siliki mai tsabta kamar ruwa yana bayyana ga wannan tsawon raƙuman ruwa kuma an ƙirƙira shi zuwa ruwan tabarau don siffata igiyar fitarwa. An cimma ikon babban ƙarfin ta hanyar amfani da babban mutuwar semiconductor da ingantaccen kunshi da aka ƙera don cire zafi.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Trend a cikin LEDs na infrared, musamman don ganowa da hoto, yana zuwa ga mafi inganci (ƙarin ƙarfin haske kowace watt na lantarki), wanda ke rage haɓakar zafi da amfani da wutar lantarki. Ana cimma wannan ta hanyar ci gaba a cikin ƙirar Layer na epitaxial da dabarun cire haske. Hakanan akwai motsi zuwa ƙarin haɗin kai, kamar LEDs tare da direbobi na gida ko haɗe tare da na'urori masu gano hoto a cikin kunshi guda ɗaya. Tsawon raƙuman ruwa kamar 940nm suna samun shahara don hasken "ɓoye" saboda ba su da ganuwa ga idon ɗan adam fiye da 850nm, ko da yake suna buƙatar na'urori masu gano tare da mafi girman hankali. Bugu da ƙari, tuƙin ƙananan ƙirar yana ci gaba, yana tura babban ƙarfi a cikin ƙananan kunshin SMD, wanda hakan kuma yana ƙara mahimmancin ingantattun hanyoyin sarrafa zafi a matakin PCB da tsarin.