Bayanin Fasaha na LED Mai Fitowa da Infrared LTE-7377LM1-TA - Mai Sauri, Mai Karfi, Kundi Mai Shudi - Takardun Fasaha na Turanci

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na abin da ke fitar da infrared (IR) mai inganci. An ƙera na'urar don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar saurin amsawa da ƙarfin fitarwa mai mahimmanci. Tsarin tsarinta na asali ya ta'allaka ne akan aminci da inganci a cikin yanayin aiki na bugun jini, wanda ya sa ya dace da kewayon tsarin ganowa da sadarwa. An sanya kayan a cikin kundi na musamman mai shudi mai gani, wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen gano gani yayin haɗawa kuma yana iya ba da takamaiman tacewa ko kaddarorin watsawa don tsawon zango da aka fitar.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar

Matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa wanda bayan su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Waɗannan ƙimar ba don ci gaba da aiki ba ne amma suna wakiltar bakin kofa waɗanda ba za a wuce su a kowane yanayi ba.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_D):200 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya watsawa azaman zafi. Wuce wannan iyaka yana haifar da haɗarin gudu na zafi da gazawa.
• Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_FP):2 A. Wannan ƙimar tana aiki a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin bugun jini (bugun jini 100 a kowace dakika, faɗin bugun jini 10 µs). Yana nuna ikon na'urar don sarrafa halin yanzu na nan take mai yawa na ɗan gajeren lokaci, wanda yake da mahimmanci don samar da bugun jini mai ƙarfi.
• Ci gaba da Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_F):100 mA. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC wanda za'a iya wucewa ta cikin na'urar ci gaba ba tare da lalata aikin ta ko tsawon rayuwarta ba.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya (V_R):5 V. Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da za'a iya amfani da shi a cikin alkiblar baya. Wuce wannan zai iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
• Kewayon Yanayin Zafin Aiki (T_A):-40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon yanayin yanayi wanda aka tabbatar da cewa na'urar za ta cika ƙayyadaddun bayananta da aka buga.
• Kewayon Yanayin Zafin Ajiya (T_stg):-55°C zuwa +100°C. Kewayon zafin jiki don ajiyar da ba ta aiki ba tare da lalacewa.
• Zafin Solder na Jagora:260°C na dakika 5, an auna 1.6mm daga jikin kundi. Wannan yana ayyana jurewar yanayin zafi don hanyoyin solder na igiyar ruwa ko hannu.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na'urar Gani

Ana auna waɗannan sigogi a daidaitaccen yanayin yanayi na 25°C kuma suna ayyana aikin al'ada na na'urar a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin gwaji.

• Ƙarfin Haske (I_E):35 mW/sr (Mafi ƙarancin). An auna shi tare da halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) na 50mA. Ƙarfin haske yana bayyana ƙarfin hasken da ake fitarwa a kowane kusurwar ƙarfi (steradian), yana nuna hasken tushe daga takamaiman alkibla.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango na Fitowa (λ_P):880 nm (Na al'ada). Wannan shine tsawon zango wanda ƙarfin fitarwa na gani ya fi girma. 880nm yana cikin kusancin bakan infrared, ba a iya gani ga idon ɗan adam amma ana iya gano shi ta hanyar photodiodes na silicon da yawancin na'urori masu auna firikwensin.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Tsinkaya (Δλ):50 nm (Matsakaicin). Wannan siga, wanda kuma aka sani da Cikakken Faɗi a Rabin Matsakaici (FWHM), yana nuna bandwidth na tsinkaya na hasken da aka fitar. Ƙimar 50nm tana nuna ba tushen launi ɗaya ba ne amma yana fitar da kewayon tsayin zango da ke kewaye da 880nm.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):1.5V (Min), 1.75V (Typ), 2.1V (Max). An auna shi a babban halin yanzu na bugun jini na 350mA (100pps, bugun jini 10µs). Wannan shine faɗuwar wutar lantarki a kan diode lokacin da aka yi masa fifiko kuma yana gudanarwa. Yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar tuƙi da lissafin ɓarnar wutar lantarki.
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (I_R):100 µA (Matsakaicin). Halin yanzu na ɓarna lokacin da aka yi amfani da fifikon baya na 5V. Ƙimar ƙasa tana da kyau.
• Lokacin Tashi/Faɗuwa (T_r/T_f):40 nS (Matsakaicin). Wannan yana ayyana saurin sauyawa na na'urar, wanda aka auna azaman lokacin da fitarwar gani ta canza daga 10% zuwa 90% na ƙimar ƙarshenta (tashi) da akasin haka (faɗuwa). Ƙayyadaddun 40ns ya tabbatar da dacewarta don babban saurin daidaitawa da aikace-aikacen bugun jini.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 16 (Na al'ada). Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar sa ta matsakaici (a kan-axis). Kusurwar 16° tana nuna ƙaramin katako mai kunkuntar, mai amfani ga hasken da aka yi niyya ko ganowa akan takamaiman hanya.

3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Ayyuka

Takardun bayanai yana nuni zuwa lanƙwasa halaye na al'ada waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don cikakken binciken ƙira. Duk da yake ba a sake yin takamaiman zane-zane a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, an bayyana abubuwan su na musamman da mahimmanci a ƙasa.

3.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Wannan jadawalin yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin halin yanzu da ke gudana ta diode da ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikinta. Ba layi daya bane, yana nuna ƙarfin wutar lantarki na kunna/bakin kofa (kusan 1.2-1.4V don GaAs IR LEDs) bayan haka halin yanzu yana ƙaruwa cikin sauri tare da ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin wutar lantarki. Masu zane suna amfani da wannan lanƙwasa don zaɓar masu jure halin yanzu masu dacewa ko ƙirar direbobi masu tsayayyen halin yanzu.

3.2 Ƙarfin Haske vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Wannan makircin yana kwatanta yadda ƙarfin fitarwa na gani ke ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu na tuƙi. Yawanci yana layi daya a kan faɗi mai yawa amma yana iya cika a cikin halin yanzu mai yawa saboda tasirin zafi da raguwar inganci na ciki. Gangaren wannan layin yana da alaƙa da ingancin ƙididdiga na waje na na'urar.

3.3 Ƙarfin Haske vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna dogaron zafin jiki na fitarwa na gani. Ga LEDs, ƙarfin haske gabaɗaya yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya ƙaru. Wannan ma'aunin rage ƙimar yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar tsarin da ke aiki a cikin cikakken kewayon zafin jiki (-40°C zuwa +85°C) don tabbatar da aiki mai daidaito.

3.4 Rarraba Tsarin Tsinkaya

Jadawali da ke nuna ƙarfin gani na dangi da ake fitarwa azaman aikin tsawon zango. Zai kai kololuwa a lokacin al'ada 880nm kuma yana da faɗin da aka ayyana ta ƙayyadaddun FWHM na 50nm. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don daidaita mai fitarwa zuwa hankalin tsinkaya na na'urar ganowa da ake amfani da ita.

4. Bayanin Injiniya & Kundi

4.1 Girmamin Kundi

Na'urar tana amfani da daidaitaccen tsarin kundi na LED tare da flange don kwanciyar hankali na injiniya da yuwuwar don nutsewar zafi. Muhimman bayanan girma daga takardun bayanai sun haɗa da:

• Duk girmansu suna cikin milimita, tare da inci a cikin baka.
• Jurewar gabaɗaya na ±0.25mm (±0.010") yana aiki sai dai idan wani fasali na musamman yana da kiran daban.
• Guduro a ƙarƙashin flange na iya fitowa har zuwa matsakaicin 1.5mm (0.059").
• Ana auna tazarar jagora a wurin da jagororin suka fita daga jikin kundi, wanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB.

Zanen girma na musamman zai ba da ƙayyadaddun ƙima don tsawon jiki, faɗi, tsayi, diamita na jagora, da tazara.

4.2 Gano Polarity

LEDs infrared sune abubuwan da aka yi da polarized. Kundi yawanci yana da gefe mai lebur ko tsaga a kan gefen don nuna cathode (maras kyau) jagora. Doguwar jagora kuma na iya nuna anode (tabbatacce), amma alamar kundi ita ce ma'anar ma'anar. Polarity daidai yana da mahimmanci don aiki.

5. Jagororin Solder & Taro

Bin ƙayyadaddun bayanan solder yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewar injiniya ko zafi.

• Zafin Solder:Jagororin za su iya jure 260°C har zuwa dakika 5, muddin an yi amfani da zafi aƙalla 1.6mm (0.063") nesa da jikin kundi na filastik. Wannan yana hana guduro narkewa ko damuwa da zafi.
• Shawarar Tsari:Don sake karkatar da solder, daidaitaccen bayanin martaba maras gubar tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki wanda bai wuce 260°C ba ya dace. Lokacin da ya wuce ruwa ya kamata a sarrafa shi don rage yawan shigar da zafi.
• Tsaftacewa:Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa, yi amfani da hanyoyin da suka dace da guduro mai shudi mai gani. Ya kamata a guji munanan kaushi.
• Yanayin Ajiya:Ajiye a cikin yanayi mai bushewa, mai hana tashin hankali a cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon zafin ajiya (-55°C zuwa +100°C). Bayanin Matakin Danshi (MSL), idan ya dace, za a samu a cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanan marufi daban.

6. Bayanin Marufi & Oda

Shafin ƙarshe na takardun bayanai an keɓe shi don cikakkun bayanan marufi. Wannan yawanci ya haɗa da:

• Tsarin Marufi:Ana iya samar da na'urori akan tef da reel don sanya kayan aikin atomatik, daidaitaccen abubuwan da aka saka a saman. Girman reel, faɗin tef, girmamin aljihu, da alkibla an ayyana su a nan.
• Adadin kowane Reel:Daidaitaccen adadin guda a kowane reel (misali, 1000, 2000, 4000).
• Lambar Model:Lambar sashiLTE-7377LM1-TAshine cikakken lambar oda. Kari kamar "-TA" na iya nuna marufi na tef-da-reel ko zaɓuɓɓukan binning na musamman.

7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

• Gano Infrared:Na'urori masu auna kusanci, gano abu, mutum-mutumi masu bin layi, da maɓallan gani masu katsewa (misali, gano takarda a cikin na'urorin bugawa). Kunkuntar kusurwar dubawa da sauri suna da fa'ida.
• Sadarwar Gani:Hanyoyin haɗin bayanai na ɗan gajeren zango, masu watsa sarrafa nesa (don TV, da sauransu), da watsa bayanan IR na masana'antu inda ake buƙatar kariya daga EMI. Lokacin tashi/faɗuwa na 40ns yana goyan bayan matsakaicin ƙimar bayanai.
• Hangon Nesa na Injini & Haskakawa:Samar da haske marar ganuwa don kyamarori na CCTV tare da ikon hangen dare ko don ƙwararrun tsarin hangen nesa na injini.

7.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Zane

• Da'irar Tuƙi:Saboda babban halin yanzu na bugun jini da aka halatta (2A), kusan koyaushe ana buƙatar transistor direba na musamman (BJT ko MOSFET). Resistan jerin gwano ba ya isa don irin waɗannan bugun jini masu yawa kuma zai ɓata wutar lantarki mai yawa.
• Iyakance Halin Yanzu:Don aikin DC ko bugun jini, dole ne a iyakance halin yanzu da gaske don hana wuce Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar. Yi amfani da direba mai tsayayyen halin yanzu don tabbataccen fitarwa na gani.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Duk da yake kundi yana da flange, don ci gaba da aiki a cikin halin yanzu mai yawa (yana kusantar 100mA), ya kamata a yi la'akari da shimfidar PCB don zama mai nutsewar zafi, musamman idan ana aiki a yanayin zafi mai yawa.
• Zane na Gani:Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 16 na iya buƙatar ruwan tabarau ko masu watsawa idan ana buƙatar wani tsarin katako daban. Tsawon zango na 880nm yana buƙatar na'urar ganowa mai hankali a cikin wannan kewayon (misali, photodiode na silicon, phototransistor).
• Kariya ta Lantarki:Ƙaramin resistor na jerin gwano ko mai kashe ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ɗan lokaci (TVS) na iya zama mai kyau don kariya daga ƙararrakin wutar lantarki, musamman a cikin yanayin masana'antu, duk da ƙimar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya na 5V.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambanci

Dangane da ƙayyadaddun bayanansa, wannan mai fitar da IR ya bambanta kansa a kasuwa ta hanyar haɗuwa da mahimman halaye:

• Haɗin Sauri & Babban Ƙarfi:Saurin sauyawa na 40ns tare da babban ƙarfin haske (35 mW/sr min) da babban ikon halin yanzu na bugun jini (2A) fa'ida ce mai mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar duka bugun jini masu haske da saurin bayanai ko daidaitaccen lokaci.
• An inganta don Aikin Bugun Jini:Ƙayyadaddun ƙimar matsakaicin halin yanzu na bugun jini da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba da aka ƙayyade a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini suna nuna cewa an ƙera na'urar don wannan yanayi mai wahala, yana ba da ingantaccen aiki da aminci fiye da LEDs kawai da aka ƙidaya don DC.
• Kunkuntar Kusurwar Dubawa:Katako na digiri 16 ya fi kunkuntar fiye da yawancin daidaitattun IR LEDs (wanda zai iya zama digiri 30-60), yana samar da haske mafi yawa da ƙarfi akan-axis, wanda ke inganta rabon sigina zuwa amo a cikin aikace-aikacen ganowa da aka yi niyya.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)

Q1: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da fil ɗin microcontroller na 5V ta amfani da resistor na jerin gwano kawai?

A: Don gajerun bugun jini a ƙananan halin yanzu (misali, 20-50mA), lissafin resistor na jerin gwano yana yiwuwa (R = (V_CC- V_F) / I_F). Duk da haka, don babban aikin bugun jini na halin yanzu (350mA ko 2A) da aka ƙera na'urar don shi, fil ɗin microcontroller ba zai iya samar da isasshen halin yanzu ba. Maɓallin transistor (kamar MOSFET) wanda MCU ke sarrafa shi ya zama dole don isar da halin yanzu da ake buƙata daga wani wutar lantarki na daban.

Q2: Menene manufar kundi mai shudi? Shin kawai don launi ne?

A: Guduro mai shudi mai gani yana aiki azaman tacewa mai wucewa gajeren zango. Yana bayyana ga hasken infrared 880nm da aka fitar amma yana toshe ko rage hasken da ake iya gani. Wannan na iya taimakawa rage tsangwama daga hasken gani na yanayi a cikin na'urar ganowa, yana inganta rabon sigina zuwa amo na tsarin IR. Hakanan yana aiki azaman mai gano gani.

Q3: Ta yaya zan fassara ƙimar "Ƙarfin Haske" don zanena?

A: Ƙarfin Haske (mW/sr) ma'auni ne na yadda ake fitar da ƙarfin gani zuwa takamaiman kusurwar ƙarfi. Don kimanta hasken haske (ƙarfi kowace yanki na yanki) a nesa (d) akan axis na gani, zaku iya amfani da kiyasin: E ≈ I_E/ d²don ƙananan kusurwoyi, inda E yake cikin mW/cm² idan d yana cikin cm. Wannan yana taimakawa tantance ko isasshen haske zai isa na'urar ganowa.

Q4: Matsakaicin zafin ajiya shine 100°C, amma zafin solder shine 260°C. Shin wannan bai saba wa juna ba?

A: A'a. Zafin ajiya shine don yanayi na dogon lokaci, marasa aiki inda dukan kundi ya kasance daidai a wannan zafin jiki. Ƙimar solder shine don ɗan gajeren lokaci, gida mai zafi (dakika 5) wanda aka yi amfani da shi kawai ga jagororin ƙarfe, waɗanda ke kai da zafi daga haɗin gwiwar semiconductor mai hankali da jikin kundi.

10. Nazarin Shari'ar Zane na Aiki

Yanayi: Zane na Babban Saurin Lambar Gani.

Lambar juyawa ta gani tana buƙatar tushen haske don wucewa ta cikin faifan lamba akan jerin na'urori masu gano hoto. Dole ne mai lambar ya yi aiki a cikin saurin juyawa mai yawa, yana buƙatar saurin sauyawa na tushen haske don guje wa ɓarna da ba da damar ganin gefe daidai.

• Dalilin Zaɓin Bangaren:An zaɓi LTE-7377LM1-TA saboda lokacin tashi/faɗuwa na 40ns yana ba da damar bugun jini masu kaifi sosai, yana ba da damar tsarin don warware canje-canjen matsayi masu kyau cikin sauri. Kunkuntar kusurwar dubawa na digiri 16 yana taimakawa tattara haske ta cikin ƙunƙuntar ramukan faifan lamba, yana inganta bambanci.
• Zane Da'ira:An aiwatar da da'irar direba mai tsayayyen halin yanzu ta amfani da MOSFET mai sauri. Ana kunna MOSFET ta hanyar lokaci ko fitarwar FPGA. An saita halin yanzu zuwa 100mA (ci gaba da matsakaicin) ko ƙimar bugun jini kamar 350mA don ƙarin bugun jini mai ƙarfi, yana tsayawa cikin iyakokin takardun bayanai. Ana amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba a wannan halin yanzu don ƙididdige ɓarnar wutar lantarki a cikin direba.
• Shimfidawa & Zafi:Sawun PCB ya dace da tazarar jagora na zanen kundi. An sanya ƙaramin kushin taimakon zafi da aka haɗa zuwa filin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin flange don taimakawa watsar zafi yayin ci gaba da aiki.
• Daidaituwar Gani:An daidaita mai fitarwa da na'urar ganowa a ɓangarorin gaba da baya na faifan lamba. Ƙaramin katako yana tabbatar da ƙaramin magana tsakanin waƙoƙin kusa akan faifan.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

Wannan na'urar LED ce mai fitar da haske (LED) dangane da haɗin gwiwar p-n na semiconductor, yawanci tana amfani da kayan kamar Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) ko Aluminum Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs) don samar da hasken infrared. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin kunna haɗin gwiwa, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka a kan haɗin gwiwa. Yayin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, ana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Takamaiman makamashin bandgap na kayan semiconductor yana ƙayyade tsawon zango na photons da aka fitar, wanda a wannan yanayin ya ta'allaka ne a kusa da nanomita 880. Kundi na guduro mai shudi yana ɗauke da guntu na semiconductor, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, kuma yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau na farko yana siffata katako na fitarwa yayin tace tsayin zango gajere.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Fasahar fitar da infrared na ci gaba da haɓaka tare da faɗaɗa trends na gani. Akwai ci gaba mai ci gaba zuwa mafi inganci (ƙarin fitarwa na haske a kowace wutar lantarki na shigar da wutar lantarki) don rage amfani da wutar lantarki da samar da zafi. Wannan yana ba da damar tushe masu haske ko tsawon rayuwar baturi a cikin na'urori masu ɗaukuwa. Wani trend kuma shine haɗa masu fitarwa tare da direbobi da dabaru na sarrafawa cikin ƙwararrun sassa, yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar tsarin. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ci gaba zuwa mafi saurin sauyawa don tallafawa mafi girman ƙimar bayanai a cikin sadarwar gani (misali, don Li-Fi) da mafi daidaitaccen lokacin jirgin sama (ToF) ganowa don hoto na 3D da aikace-aikacen LiDAR. Turawa don ƙananan ƙira kuma yana ci gaba, yana haifar da ƙananan sawun kundi yayin kiyayewa ko inganta halayen aiki.