HSDL-4260 LED Infrared Datasheet - T-1 3/4 Package - Tsawon Ra'ayi 875nm - Halin Gaba 100mA - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

HSDL-4260 wata LED (Light-Emitting Diode) infrared ce mai inganci wacce aka tsara don aikace-aikacen da ke bukatar saurin amsawa da ingantaccen fitarwa na gani. Tana amfani da fasahar AlGaAs (Aluminum Gallium Arsenide), wacce aka sani da inganci da kwanciyar hankali a cikin bakan infrared. Babban aikin wannan kayan aiki shine fitar da hasken infrared a tsayin ra'ayi na kololuwar 875 nanometers (nm), wanda idon dan adam ba ya gani amma yana da tasiri sosai ga tsarin firikwensin da sadarwa daban-daban.

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun hada da iyawarta na sauri, tare da lokutan tashi da faduwa har zuwa nanoseconds 40 (ns), wanda ke ba da damar amfani da ita wajen watsa bayanai da aikace-aikacen saurin canzawa. Kunshinta mai kankanta T-1 3/4 ya sa ta dace da zane-zanen da ke da matsalar sarari. Kasuwannin da aka yi niyya don wannan na'ura sun bambanta, sun hada da kayan aikin infrared na masana'antu, kayan aikin infrared masu daukuwa, kayan lantarki na mabukaci kamar linzamin kwamfuta na gani da na'urorin sarrafa nesa, da tsarin sadarwar infrared mai sauri kamar IR LANs, modem, da dongles.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Halayen Lantarki

Sigogin lantarki suna ayyana iyakokin aiki da aiki a karkashin takamaiman yanayi, wanda aka auna a yanayin zafin muhalli na 25°C. Karfin lantarki na gaba (VF) wani muhimmin sigogi ne, yawanci yana tsakanin 1.4V zuwa 1.9V a halin gaba (IF) na 20mA, kuma daga 1.7V zuwa 2.3V a 100mA. Wannan yana nuna raguwar karfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin da take gudana. Juriyar jerin (RS) an kayyade a 4 ohms (na yau da kullun) a 100mA, wanda ke tasiri dangantakar karfin lantarki da watsawar wutar lantarki. Karfin diode (CO) shine 70 picofarads (pF) matsakaici a 0V da 1 MHz, wani abu mai muhimmanci ga aikace-aikacen saurin canzawa. Matsakaicin karfin lantarki na baya (VR) shine 4V matsakaici, wanda bayansa hanyar LED na iya rushewa.

2.2 Halayen Gani

Aikin gani shine tsakiyar aikin LED. Tsananin haske akan-axis (IE) yana tsakanin 150 zuwa 200 milliwatts a kowace steradian (mW/Sr) a 100mA, yana auna karfin gani da aka fitar a cikin takamaiman kusurwar kuzari tare da axis na tsakiya. Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2) shine digiri 15, yana ayyana yaduwar kusurwar inda tsananin haske ya ragu zuwa rabin darajar kololuwar sa. Tsayin ra'ayi na kololuwa (λpk) shine 875nm, tare da fadin bakan (cikakken fadi a rabin matsakaici, FWHM) na 45nm, yana bayyana kewayon tsayin ra'ayoyin da aka fitar. Matsakaicin zafin jiki don tsananin haske shine -0.36% a kowace °C, yana nuna raguwar fitarwa tare da karuwar zafin jiki.

2.3 Zafi da Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Wadannan matakan suna kayyade iyakokin da bayansu lalacewa ta dindindin na iya faruwa. Matsakaicin halin gaba na dindindin (IFDC) shine 100mA a ci gaba. Matsakaicin halin gaba na kololuwa (IFPK) na 500mA an yarda da shi a karkashin yanayin bugun jini (20% aikin aiki, 100µs fadin bugun jini). Matsakaicin watsawar wutar lantarki (PDISS) shine 230mW. Kewayon zafin ajiya daga -40°C zuwa 100°C. Muhimmanci, matsakaicin zafin hanyar LED (TJ) shine 110°C. Juriyar zafi daga hanyar zuwa muhalli (RθJA) shine 300°C/W, wani muhimmin sigogi don lissafin hawan zafin hanyar bisa ga watsawar wutar lantarki. Kewayon zafin aiki da aka ba da shawarar daga -40°C zuwa 85°C.

3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

3.1 Halin V-I (Karfin Lantarki-Hali)

Hoto na 2 a cikin takardar bayanin yana nuna dangantakar tsakanin karfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) da halin gaba (If). Wannan lanƙwasa ba ta layi daya ba, ta yau da kullun ga diodes. A ƙananan halaye, karfin lantarki yana ƙaruwa sannu a hankali. Yayin da halin ya kusanci kewayon aiki na yau da kullun (misali, 20mA zuwa 100mA), lanƙwasa ta zama mai tsayi, tana nuna juriyar jerin. Wannan jadawali yana da mahimmanci don tsara da'irar iyakance halin don tabbatar da cewa LED tana aiki a cikin takamaiman kewayon karfin lantarki.

3.2 Rarraba Bakan

Hoto na 1 yana nuna tsananin haske na dangi da tsayin ra'ayi. Lanƙwasa ta kai kololuwa a 875nm. Faɗin bakan (Δλ) na 45nm (FWHM) ana iya gani a matsayin faɗin wannan kololuwar a rabin matsakaicin tsayinsa. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke da hankali ga takamaiman tsayin ra'ayi, kamar daidaitawa da hankalin mai gano hoto ko guje wa tsangwama daga tushen hasken muhalli.

3.3 Dogaro da Zafin Jiki

Hoto na 4 yana nuna canjin karfin lantarki na gaba tare da zafin muhalli don matakan halaye biyu (20mA da 100mA). Karfin lantarki na gaba yana da matsakaicin zafin jiki mara kyau, ma'ana yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya karu (kusan -1.3 mV/°C a 100mA). Hoto na 6 yana nuna lanƙwasa rage daraja don matsakaicin halin gaba na DC da aka yarda da shi da zafin muhalli. Don kiyaye zafin hanyar ƙasa da 110°C, dole ne a rage matsakaicin halin ci gaba da aka yarda da shi yayin da zafin muhalli ya tashi. Misali, a 85°C, matsakaicin halin ya fi ƙasa sosai fiye da a 25°C.

3.4 Tsananin Haske da Hali da Tsarin Radiation

Hoto na 5 yana tsara tsananin haske na dangi da halin gaba na DC. Fitarwa gabaɗaya yana daidai da halin amma yana iya nuna wasu rashin layi a manyan halaye saboda tasirin dumama. Hoto na 7 shine jadawalin radiation (polar), wanda ke wakiltar rarraba sararin samaniya na hasken da aka fitar. Kusurwar kallo na digiri 15 an nuna ta a fili, tare da tsanani yana faɗuwa zuwa 50% na ƙimar akan-axis a kusan ±7.5 digiri daga tsakiya.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

Na'urar tana cikin da'irar radial mai kai na T-1 3/4 (5mm) na yau da kullun. An ba da girman kunshin a cikin takardar bayanin tare da duk ma'aunai a cikin millimeters. Muhimman bayanan sun haɗa da: jurewar ±0.25mm sai dai idan an kayyade in ba haka ba, matsakaicin tsinkaya na resin a ƙarƙashin flange na 1.5mm, da tazarar jagora da aka auna a wurin da jagororin suka fita daga jikin kunshin. Kunshin yana ba da kariya ta injiniya kuma yana taimakawa wajen watsar zafi. Jagororin galibi an yi su ne da kayan da za a iya siyar da su kamar tagulla mai laka.

5. Jagororin Solder da Taro

Takardar bayanin ta kayyade muhimmin sigogi na solder: zafin solder na jagora bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba na tsawon dakika 5, wanda aka auna a nisan 1.6mm (0.063 inci) daga jikin kunshin. Wannan shine don hana lalacewar zafi ga die semiconductor na ciki da igiyoyin waya. Don solder ko sake kwararar solder, yakamata a bi bayanan martaba na yau da kullun don abubuwan da ke cikin rami, tabbatar da cewa matsakaicin zafin jiki da lokacin da ya wuce ruwa ba su wuce takamaiman iyaka ba. An ba da shawarar sarrafa daidai don guje wa fitar da lantarki (ESD), ko da yake ba a bayyana shi a fili ba, saboda aiki ne mai kyau ga na'urorin semiconductor.

6. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

6.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

• Sarrafa Nesa na Infrared:Tsawon ra'ayi na 875nm ana amfani da shi akai-akai a cikin ka'idojin IR na mabukaci. Saurin yana ba da damar ingantaccen ɓoyayyen bayanai.
• Linzamin Kwamfuta na Gani:Ana amfani da shi azaman tushen haske don haskaka saman. Saurin amsawa yana taimakawa wajen bin saurin motsi.
• Hanyoyin Haɗin Bayanai na Infrared (IR LANs, Dongles):Lokacin tashi/faduwa na 40ns yana ba da damar watsa bayanai mai girma don sadarwar mara waya ta ɗan gajeren zango.
• Firikwensin Masana'antu:Ana amfani da su a cikin firikwensin kusanci, gano abu, da masu ɓoyewa inda ake buƙatar fitar da infrared mai dogaro.
• Kayan Aiki Masu Daukuwa:Ya dace da na'urorin da ke da wutar baturi saboda ƙarancin karfin lantarki na gaba.

6.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Zane

• Tuƙi na Halin Yanzu:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin jerin ko direba mai ci gaba don hana wucewa da matsakaicin halin gaba, musamman la'akari da matsakaicin zafin jiki mara kyau na Vf.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Don ci gaba da aiki a manyan halaye ko manyan yanayin zafi na muhalli, yi la'akari da lanƙwasa rage darajar zafi (Hoto 6). Yankin tagulla na PCB mai isasshe ko heatsink na iya zama dole don kiyaye zafin hanyar ƙasa da 110°C.
• Zane na Gani:Kusurwar kallo na digiri 15 ta fi kunkuntar. Ƙila ana buƙatar ruwan tabarau ko masu watsawa don siffantar katakon don takamaiman aikace-aikace. Tabbatar mai karɓa (photodiode/phototransistor) yana da hankali ga tsayin ra'ayi na 875nm.
• Shimfidar Da'ira:Don aikace-aikacen sadarwa mai sauri, rage ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki da inductance a cikin da'irar tuƙi don adana halayen saurin canzawa.

7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Duk da yake akwai LED infrared da yawa, HSDL-4260 ta bambanta kanta ta hanyar haɗa sigogi. Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun LED infrared masu ƙarancin sauri da ake amfani da su a cikin sarrafa nesa mai sauƙi, tana ba da saurin canzawa sosai (40ns da ɗaruruwan ns), yana sa ta bai dace ba kawai don siginar kashewa/kunna amma don watsa bayanan bugun jini. Fasahar AlGaAs tana ba da inganci mafi kyau da kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki fiye da tsofaffin fasahohin GaAs. Kunshin T-1 3/4 daidaitaccen ma'auni ne na masana'antu, yana tabbatar da sauƙin samun tushe da dacewa da tsofaffin ƙungiyoyin gani, idan aka kwatanta da madadin saman-mount wanda zai iya ba da ƙaramin girman amma matsalolin zafi da taro daban-daban.

8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED kai tsaye daga fil ɗin microcontroller na 5V ko 3.3V?

A: A'a. Matsakaicin karfin lantarki na gaba yana kusa da 1.9V a 20mA. Haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa tushen 5V ba tare da resistor mai iyakance halin ba zai haifar da wuce gona da iri, mai yuwuwar lalata LED. Dole ne a lissafta resistor na jerin bisa ga karfin lantarki na wadata (Vcc), karfin lantarki na gaba na LED (Vf), da halin da ake so (If): R = (Vcc - Vf) / If.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsananin haske (mW/Sr) da tsananin haske?

A> Tsananin haske yana auna karfin gani (a cikin watts) a kowace kusurwar kuzari, wanda ya shafi duk tsayin ra'ayi. Tsananin haske yana auna wannan ƙarfin ta hanyar hankalin idon ɗan adam (lanƙwasa photopic) kuma ana auna shi a cikin candelas (cd). Tunda wannan LED infrared ce (haske mara ganuwa), tsananin haske ba ma'auni bane mai dacewa; ana amfani da tsananin haske.

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara jadawalin rage daraja (Hoto 6)?

A> Jadawalin yana nuna matsakaicin halin DC na ci gaba mai aminci da za ku iya amfani da shi a takamaiman zafin muhalli (Ta) don tabbatar da cewa zafin hanyar (Tj) bai wuce 110°C ba. Misali, a Ta=25°C, zaku iya amfani da har zuwa 100mA. A Ta=85°C, jadawalin ya nuna matsakaicin halin ya fi ƙasa (misali, kusan 60-70mA, dangane da ainihin karatu). Dole ne ku yi aiki a ƙasa da wannan layin.

Q: Me yasa karfin lantarki na gaba yana raguwa tare da zafin jiki?

A> Wannan wata halayya ce ta bandgap semiconductor a cikin kayan AlGaAs. Yayin da zafin jiki ya karu, ƙarfin bandgap yana raguwa kadan, yana buƙatar ƙaramin karfin lantarki don cimma irin wannan halin ta hanyar hanyar diode.

9. Yanayin Zane da Amfani na Aiki

Harka: Zana Mai Watsa Infrared Mai Sauƙi don Bayanai.

Manufa: Watsa siginar da aka daidaita 38kHz don sarrafa nesa.

Matakan Zane:

1. Da'irar Direba:Yi amfani da transistor (misali, NPN) azaman maɓalli. Microcontroller yana haifar da siginar lamba 38kHz zuwa gindin transistor. An sanya LED a cikin da'irar mai tattarawa tare da resistor mai iyakance halin da aka haɗa zuwa Vcc (misali, 5V).

2. Lissafin Halin Yanzu:Zaɓi halin aiki, a ce 50mA don ingantaccen tsanani. Tare da Vf ~1.7V (daga takardar bayanin a ~50mA, interpolating), da Vcc=5V, darajar resistor R = (5V - 1.7V) / 0.05A = 66 ohms. Yi amfani da resistor na yau da kullun 68-ohm.

3. Binciken Zafi:Watsawar wutar lantarki a cikin LED: Pd = Vf * If = 1.7V * 0.05A = 85mW. Don aikin bugun jini (50% aikin aiki don 38kHz mai ɗaukar hoto), matsakaicin wutar lantarki ya fi ƙasa. A zafin daki, wannan yana cikin iyakoki sosai.

4. Shimfidawa:Kiyaye transistor tuƙi da resistor kusa da LED don rage yankin madauki da amo.

10. Gabatarwar Ka'ida

LED infrared wata hanyar diode p-n junction semiconductor ce. Lokacin da aka nuna bambanci na gaba (karfin lantarki mai kyau da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa gefen p dangane da gefen n), electrons daga yankin n da ramuka daga yankin p ana shigar da su cikin yankin haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi. A cikin kayan kamar AlGaAs, ana sakin wannan makamashi da farko a matsayin photons (haske) maimakon zafi. Takamaiman tsayin ra'ayin hasken da aka fitar (875nm a wannan yanayin) an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor, wanda aka ƙera yayin tsarin girma crystal. Saurin saurin canzawa (40ns) ana samun shi ta hanyar rage ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na kunshin da tsarin semiconductor kuma ta amfani da kayan da ke ba da damar saurin sake haɗuwa mai ɗaukar hoto.

11. Trends na Ci gaba

Fannin infrared optoelectronics yana ci gaba da haɓakawa. Trends masu dacewa da na'urori kamar HSDL-4260 sun haɗa da:

Ƙara Ingantaccen Aiki:Binciken kayan aiki na ci gaba yana nufin samar da LED tare da ingantaccen inganci na bangon toshe (ƙarfin gani / ƙarfin lantarki a ciki), wanda ke haifar da fitarwa mai haske ko ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki don na'urorin da ke da wutar baturi.

Mafi Girma Sauri:Bukatar saurin watsa bayanai a cikin kayan lantarki na mabukaci (misali, Li-Fi, hanyoyin haɗin bayanai na infrared mai sauri) yana haifar da haɓakar LED tare da lokutan tashi na ƙasa da nanosecond.

Ƙananan Girma:Duk da yake kunshin T-1 3/4 ya kasance sananne, akwai babban yanayi zuwa kunshin na'urar saman-mount (SMD) (misali, 0805, 0603, ma'aunin guntu) don haɗa kai da ƙananan siffofi.

Haɗin kai:Haɗa LED tare da direba IC, mai gano hoto, ko ruwan tabarau cikin na'ura guda ɗaya yana sauƙaƙa tsarin tsarin don masu amfani na ƙarshe.

Takamaiman Tsawon Ra'ayi:Haɗakar LED tare da ƙunƙuntaccen bandwidth na bakan don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaitawar tsayin ra'ayi daidai, kamar firikwensin iskar gas ko kayan aikin likitanci.