EL260L Logic Gate Photocoupler Datasheet - 8-Pin DIP Package - 3.3V/5V Supply - 10Mbit/s Speed - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

EL260L babban saurin logic gate photocoupler ne wanda aka tsara don keɓance siginar dijital. Yana haɗa infrared mai fitar da diode da aka haɗa ta hanyar haske zuwa babban saurin mai gano hoto tare da fitarwar logic gate mai iya tsinkewa. An haɗa shi a cikin fakitin 8-pin Dual In-line Package (DIP), an ƙera shi don samar da keɓancewar lantarki mai dogaro da ingancin sigina a cikin aikace-aikace masu buƙatu.

Fasali na Core:Babban ƙarfin na'urar ya haɗa da ikon watsa bayanai mai sauri har zuwa 10 Mbit/s, ƙarfin juriya na gama-gari (CMTI) na 10 kV/μs mafi ƙanƙanta, da dacewar ƙarfin wutar lantarki biyu (3.3V da 5V). Yana ba da garantin aiki a cikin faffadan kewayon zafin aiki daga -40°C zuwa +85°C. Fitarwar logic gate na iya tuƙi har zuwa nau'ikan 10 na yau da kullun (Fan-out 10).

Kasuwa da aka yi niyya:Ana nufin wannan ɓangaren ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar keɓancewar dijital mai sauri, kawar da madauki na ƙasa, da juriya ga hayaniya a cikin sarrafa masana'antu, tsarin wutar lantarki, na'urorin kwamfuta, da hanyoyin sadarwa.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici yana ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Maɓalli maɓalli sun haɗa da matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) na 50 mA don LED shigarwa, juzu'in ƙarfin lantarki (V_R) na 5 V, da ƙarfin wutar lantarki/fitarwa (V_CC, V_O) na 7.0 V. Jimlar ɓarnawar wutar lantarki don gefen shigarwa shine 45 mW, yayin da gefen fitarwa zai iya sarrafa 85 mW. Ƙarfin lantarki na keɓewa (V_ISO) tsakanin shigarwa da fitarwa an ƙididdige shi a 5000 V_rmsna minti ɗaya. Kewayon zafin aiki da ajiya sune -40°C zuwa +85°C da -55°C zuwa +125°C, bi da bi. Na'urar na iya jure zafin solder na 260°C na dakika 10.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki

Waɗannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai suna dalla-dalla aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun (T_A= -40°C zuwa 85°C).

Halayen Shigarwa:Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) yawanci yana auna 1.4V a I_F=10mA, tare da matsakaicin 1.8V. Ƙarfin shigarwa (C_IN) yawanci 60 pF ne.

Halayen Fitarwa:Halin yanzu na wadata ya bambanta da jihar: I_CCH(babban matakin) yawanci 7 mA ne (matsakaicin 10 mA), kuma I_CCL(ƙananan matakin) yawanci 9 mA ne (matsakaicin 13 mA) a V_CC=3.3V. Shigarwar kunna tana da na'urar ja-up na ciki, ba ta buƙatar abin waje. Ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki na kunna (V_EL) an ba da garantin zai kasance ƙasa da 0.8V.

Halayen Canja wuri:Mahimmanci ga aikin dabaru, ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa (V_OL) yawanci 0.35V ne (matsakaicin 0.6V) lokacin nutsewa 13 mA. Halin yanzu na bakin kofa na shigarwa (I_FT) don kunna fitarwar ƙananan dabaru yawanci 2.5 mA ne (matsakaicin 5 mA).

2.3 Halayen Sauya

An auna a V_CC=3.3V, I_F=7.5mA, tare da nauyin R_L=350Ω da C_L=15pF.

Jinkirin Yaduwa:Lokacin jinkirin yaduwa zuwa fitarwa ƙasa (t_PHL) yawanci 40 ns ne (matsakaicin 75 ns), kuma zuwa fitarwa mai girma (t_PLH) yawanci 45 ns ne (matsakaicin 75 ns). Karkatar da faɗin bugun jini, bambancin cikakke tsakanin t_PHLda t_PLH, yawanci 5 ns ne (matsakaicin 35 ns), mai mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen masu kula da lokaci.

Lokutan Canji:Lokacin tashi na fitarwa (t_r) yawanci 40 ns ne, yayin da lokacin faɗuwa (t_f) yawanci 10 ns ne, yana nuna saurin kashewa.

Lokutan Kunna:Jinkirin yaduwar kunna zuwa fitarwa ƙasa (t_EHL) yawanci 10 ns ne, kuma zuwa fitarwa mai girma (t_ELH) yawanci 25 ns ne.

Juriya na Canjin Yanayi na Gama-gari (CMTI):Ma'auni mai mahimmanci na keɓewa. Na'urar tana ba da garantin mafi ƙanƙanta 10,000 V/μs don duka babban dabaru (CM_H) da ƙananan dabaru (CM_L) jihohi, yana tabbatar da aiki mai dogaro a cikin yanayin hayaniya tare da saurin canjin ƙarfin lantarki a kan shingen keɓewa.

3. Tsarin Pin da Tsarin Tsari

Tsarin 8-pin DIP shine kamar haka: Pin 1 (NC), Pin 2 (Anode), Pin 3 (Cathode), Pin 4 (NC), Pin 5 (GND), Pin 6 (V_OUT), Pin 7 (V_E- Kunna), Pin 8 (V_CC). Buƙatun zane mai mahimmanci shine sanyawa na capacitor na bypass 0.1μF (ko mafi girma) tare da kyawawan halaye na mitar girma tsakanin pins 8 (V_CC) da 5 (GND), wanda aka sanya shi kusa da kusa da fakitin don tabbatar da aiki mai ƙarfi da rage hayaniya.

4. Teburin Gaskiya da Aikin Logic

Na'urar tana aiki azaman logic gate mai iya tsinkewa. Teburin gaskiya (ta amfani da dabaru mai kyau) yana ayyana aikinsa:

• Shigarwa (I_F) Babba, Kunna (V_E) Babba: Fitarwa (V_O) = Ƙasa
• Shigarwa Ƙasa, Kunna Babba: Fitarwa = Babba
• Shigarwa Babba, Kunna Ƙasa: Fitarwa = Babba
• Shigarwa Ƙasa, Kunna Ƙasa: Fitarwa = Babba
• Shigarwa Babba, Kunna NC (Babu Haɗin kai): Fitarwa = Ƙasa
• Shigarwa Ƙasa, Kunna NC: Fitarwa = Babba

Pin na kunna yana ba da sarrafa jiha na uku, yana barin fitarwa don tilasta babba ba tare da la'akari da siginar shigarwa ba lokacin da kunna ya kasance ƙasa.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshewa

An ba da na'urar a cikin daidaitaccen fakitin 8-pin DIP. Takardar bayanai tana nuna samuwa a cikin duka faɗin tazara mai tazara da zaɓuɓɓukan Surface-Mount Device (SMD), kodayake babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a nan shine bambance-bambancen DIP na rami. Cikakkun zane-zane masu girma za a haɗa su yawanci a cikin cikakken takardar bayanai don jagorantar shimfidar PCB da zanen sawun ƙafa.

6. Jagororin Solder da Taro

Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici yana ƙayyadad da zafin solder (T_SOL) na 260°C na dakika 10. Wannan ma'auni ne mai mahimmanci don hanyoyin solder na igiyar ruwa ko sake kwarara. Ya kamata a bi jagororin IPC na yau da kullun don solder ɓangaren rami. Ana ba da shawarar daidaitattun hanyoyin sarrafa ESD yayin haɗawa saboda m ɓangarorin semiconductor a ciki.

7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

• Kawar da Madauki na Ƙasa & Fassarar Matakin Logic:Keɓance siginar dijital tsakanin da'irori tare da mabambantan yuwuwar ƙasa, kamar fassara sigina tsakanin iyalai na LSTTL da TTL/CMOS logic.
• Watsa Bayanai & Haɗawa:Keɓance bayanai na serial mai sauri a cikin layukan sadarwa da keɓance bas na bayanai.
• Maɓuɓɓugar Wutar Sauya:Samar da keɓance martani a cikin flyback ko wasu nau'ikan masu canzawa masu keɓewa.
• Maye gurbin Transformer na Bugun Jini:Samar da madadin ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙasa, mai yuwuwa mafi ƙanƙanta kuma mai dogaro ga tsofaffin masu canza bugun jini don keɓance sigina.
• Na'urar Kwamfuta & Mahadar Masana'antu:Keɓance layukan I/O na dijital a cikin yanayin masana'antu mai hayaniya ko don haɗawa da injuna da masu kunnawa.

7.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Zane

• Capacitor na Bypass:Capacitor 0.1μF a kan V_CCda GND wajibi ne don aiki mai ƙarfi mai sauri kuma dole ne a sanya shi kusa da pins.
• Resistor mai iyakance Halin yanzu:Ana buƙatar resistor na waje a jere tare da LED shigarwa (Anode) don saita halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) bisa ga buƙatun aikace-aikace (misali, 7.5mA don ƙayyadaddun lokutan sauyawa).
• Resistor na Load:An ƙayyade halayen fitarwa tare da resistor na ja-up 350Ω zuwa V_CC. Dole ne a yi amfani da wannan ƙimar ko a daidaita ta a hankali bisa ga halin yanzu da saurin da ake buƙata.
• Kunna Pin:Ja-up na ciki akan pin na kunna yana sauƙaƙe zane. Tuƙi shi ƙasa yana tilasta fitarwa babba; barin shi ba a haɗa shi (NC) ya koma babban jihar, yana barin aiki na yau da kullun wanda shigarwa kawai ke sarrafawa.
• Shimfidar PCB:Kiyaye kyakkyawar keɓewa da nisa a kan PCB tsakanin gefen shigarwa da fitarwa kamar yadda ƙa'idodin aminci suka tanada, ko da yake ɓangaren da kansa yana ba da babban shingen keɓewa.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambanci

EL260L ya bambanta kansa a cikin kasuwar photocoupler ta hanyar haɗuwababban sauri (10 Mbit/s)dababban CMTI (10 kV/μs). Yawancin daidaitattun photocouplers suna aiki a ƙananan sauri (misali, 1 Mbit/s) ko suna da ƙananan ƙimar CMTI. Dacewar wadataccen wutar lantarki biyu (3.3V/5V) yana ba da sassauƙan zane a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki mai gauraye na zamani. Haɗaɗɗen ƙofar dabaru tare da aikin kunna da garantin aiki a kan faffadan kewayon zafin jiki ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai ƙarfi ga aikace-aikacen masana'antu idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin fitarwa na transistor na asali.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Menene manufar kunna (V_E) pin?

A: Pin na kunna yana ba da sarrafa jiha na uku. Lokacin da aka tuƙa shi ƙasa, yana ƙetare siginar shigarwa kuma yana tilasta fitarwa zuwa babban jihar dabaru. Ana iya amfani da wannan don sarrafa takaddama ta bas ko don kashe fitarwa.

Q: Me ya sa capacitor na bypass 0.1μF yake da mahimmanci haka?

A: A babban saurin sauyawa (10 Mbit/s), buƙatun halin yanzu na kwatsam na iya haifar da tsalle-tsalle na ƙarfin lantarki akan layin wadata. Capacitor na bypass na gida yana ba da ma'ajin caji nan take, yana daidaita V_CCda hana rashin aiki ko samar da hayaniya.

Q: Ta yaya zan zaɓi ƙimar don resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na shigarwa?

A: Yi amfani da Dokar Ohm: R_LIMIT= (Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki - V_F) / I_F. Misali, tare da wadataccen wutar lantarki 5V, V_F~1.4V, da kuma I_F=10mA: R = (5 - 1.4) / 0.01 = 360Ω. Zaɓi ƙimar daidaitaccen ƙima kamar 360Ω ko 390Ω. Don mafi kyawun sauri, yi amfani da I_F=7.5mA kamar yadda ƙayyadaddun sauyawa suka tanada.

Q: Zan iya amfani da wannan tare da wadataccen wutar lantarki 5V don gefen fitarwa?

A: Ee, takardar bayanai ta ƙayyade dacewar ƙarfin wutar lantarki biyu (3.3V da 5V). Teburan halayen lantarki sau da yawa suna lissafin yanayi a V_CC=3.3V, amma an ƙera na'urar don yin aiki tare da 5V kuma. Koyaushe duba duk sigogi a ƙarfin wutar lantarki da kuke niyya.

10. Yanayin Zane da Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi: Mahadar Mai Keɓance RS-485/RS-422.A cikin kumburin firikwensin masana'antu, microcontroller yana sadarwa tare da mai watsa RS-485 akan UART. Don kare microcontroller mai hankali daga canje-canjen ƙasa da saurin canjin ƙarfin lantarki akan dogon bas na RS-485, ana iya amfani da EL260L don keɓance layukan UART TX da RX. Gefen microcontroller (shigarwa) yana aiki a 3.3V, yayin da gefen mai watsa (fitarwa) zai iya aiki a 5V. Babban saurin 10 Mbit/s yana sarrafa ƙimar baud na serial na yau da kullun (misali, 115200 baud, 1 Mbaud) cikin sauƙi. CMTI na 10 kV/μs yana tabbatar da keɓewa ya kasance mai tasiri ko da a lokacin abubuwan hayaniyar lantarki mai tsanani akan bas. Za a iya ɗaure pin na kunna zuwa GPIO na microcontroller don kashe hanyar sadarwa idan an buƙata.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

EL260L yana aiki akan ka'idar haɗin gwiwa ta haske. Halin yanzu na lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi a gefen shigarwa (pins 2 & 3) yana sa infrared Light Emitting Diode (LED) ya fitar da haske. Wannan haske yana ratsa shingen keɓewa mai gani a cikin fakitin. A gefen fitarwa, babban saurin mai gano hoto mai haɗaka yana canza hasken da aka karɓa zuwa halin yanzu na lantarki. Wannan halin yanzu ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar amplifier na ciki da da'irar ƙofar dabaru don samar da tsaftataccen siginar fitarwa na dijital mai buffer (akan pin 6) wanda ke nuna yanayin shigarwa amma an keɓe shi da shi ta hanyar lantarki. Shingen keɓewa, yawanci an yi shi da kayan gyare-gyare ko irin wannan abu, yana ba da babban keɓewar ƙarfin lantarki (5000 V_rms) tsakanin bangarorin biyu.

12. Trends na Masana'antu da Mahallin

Buƙatar masu keɓewa na dijital mai sauri yana motsa shi ta hanyar trends da yawa: yaduwar IoT na masana'antu da sarrafa kai wanda ke buƙatar ingantaccen sadarwa a cikin yanayin hayaniya; karɓar mafi girman mitoci na sauyawa a cikin na'urorin lantarki na wutar lantarki yana buƙatar saurin keɓance martani; da kuma motsi zuwa ga haɗin kai na tsarin mafi girma da dogaro. Abubuwa kamar EL260L suna wakiltar fasaha mai girma da inganci don keɓewar galvanic. Masana'antar kuma tana ganin haɓaka a cikin madadin fasahohin keɓewa kamar masu keɓewa na capacitive da maganadisu (giant magnetoresistance), waɗanda zasu iya ba da mafi girman sauri, ƙarancin wutar lantarki, da mafi girman haɗin kai. Koyaya, photocouplers sun kasance sananne sosai saboda sauƙinsu, ingantaccen dogaro, babban CMTI, da sauƙin amfani a cikin aikace-aikace masu yawa. Abin da aka fi mayar da hankali ga manyan photocouplers ya ci gaba da kasancewa akan ƙara sauri, inganta ingancin wutar lantarki, rage girman fakitin, da haɓaka ma'auni na dogaro kamar juriya na insulation na dogon lokaci.