EL050L Jerin Takardar Bayanin Photocoupler - Kunshin SOP8 - Wutar Lantarki 3.3V/5V Biyu - Gudun 1Mbit/s - Keɓancewa Mai Girma

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1. Bayanin Samfur
1.1 Fa'idodi na Ciki da Kasuwar da Ake Nufi
2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici
2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & Canja wuri
2.3 Halaye na Sauya
3. Tsarin Pin da Bayanin Aiki
4. Jagororin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan da Ake Yi la'akari da su
4.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
4.2 Muhimman Abubuwan da Ake Yi la'akari da su na Zane
5. Bayanin Injiniya, Kunshin, da Taro
5.1 Girman Kunshi da Dora
5.2 Solder da Gudanarwa
6. Bayanin Oda da Bambance-bambancen Model
7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Tambayoyi da Ake Yi akai-akai (FAQs)
7.1 Kwatanta da Sauran Nau'ikan Keɓancewa
7.2 Tambayoyi da Ake Yi akai-akai (Dangane da Sigogi)
8. Ka'idar Aiki da Trends na Fasaha
8.1 Ka'idar Aiki
8.2 Trends na Masana'antu

1. Bayanin Samfur

Jerin EL050L yana wakiltar babban aikin, mai saurin gudu na transistor photocoupler (opto-isolator) wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarfin keɓancewar lantarki da saurin watsa siginar dijital. Babban aikin wannan na'urar shine canja wurin siginar lantarki tsakanin da'irori biyu masu keɓancewa ta amfani da haske, don haka hana madaukai na ƙasa, toshe manyan ƙarfin lantarki, da rage watsa amo.

A cikin zuciyarsa, na'urar ta ƙunshi infrared light-emitting diode (LED) wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar gani zuwa babban mai gano hoto mai sauri tare da fitarwar ƙofar dabaru. Wannan tsari yana ba shi damar yin aiki azaman mai keɓancewar dijital. An saka shi a cikin ƙaramin kunshin 8-pin Small Outline Package (SOP), yana mai da shi dacewa da tsarin taron fasahar haɗawa ta zamani (SMT).

1.1 Fa'idodi na Ciki da Kasuwar da Ake Nufi

An ƙera EL050L tare da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci da yawa waɗanda ke bayyana matsayinsa a kasuwa:

Aiki Mai Sauri:Yana iya saurin bayanai har zuwa 1 Megabit a kowace dakika (1Mbit/s), yana dacewa don hanyoyin sadarwar dijital da saurin sauye-sauyen siginar sarrafawa.
Keɓancewa Mai Ƙarfi:Yana ba da babban ƙarfin lantarki na keɓancewa na 3750 V_rmstsakanin bangarorin shigarwa da fitarwa, yana tabbatar da aminci da dogaro a cikin yanayin babban ƙarfin lantarki.
Kyakkyawan Rashin Amo:Yana da babban juriyar canjin yanayi na gama-gari (CMTI) na 15 kV/μs mafi ƙarancin, yana ba shi damar ƙi saurin canjin ƙarfin lantarki da ke bayyana a kan shingen keɓancewa, wanda yake da mahimmanci a cikin na'urorin lantarki masu amo kamar tuƙin mota.
Ƙarfin Lantarki Biyu:Bangaren fitarwa ya dace da tsarin dabaru na 3.3V da 5V, yana ba da sassauƙan zane.
Yin Biyayya da Muhalli:Na'urar ba ta da halogen, ba ta da Pb, kuma tana bin ka'idodin RoHS, REACH, da ƙa'idodin aminci na duniya daban-daban (UL, cUL, VDE, da sauransu).

Manyan kasuwannin da ake nufi sun haɗa da sarrafa masana'antu, da'irori na amsawar wutar lantarki, tsarin tuƙin mota, keɓancewar hanyar sadarwa, da kowane aikace-aikacen da bambance-bambancen yuwuwar ƙasa ko babban amo na lantarki ke damuwa.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken fassarar ma'ana na mahimman sigogi na lantarki da na gani da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardar bayanin.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a nufin su don aiki na yau da kullun ba.

Halin Gaba na Shigarwa (I_F):25 mA ci gaba. Wannan yana iyakance matsakaicin halin DC ta hanyar LED na shigarwa.
Matsakaicin Halin Gaba (I_FP):50 mA don bugun jini tare da cikakken aiki na 50% da faɗin bugun jini na 1ms. Wannan yana ba da damar mafi girman halayen tuƙi na lokaci-lokaci na ɗan lokaci.
Juyin Juyi (V_R):5 V. LED na shigarwa ba dole ba ne a sanya shi cikin jujjuyawar baya wanda ya wuce wannan ƙimar.
Ƙarfin Lantarki na Fitarwa (V_O) & Ƙarfin Lantarki na Wadata (V_CC):-0.5V zuwa +7V. Pin ɗin fitarwa da pin ɗin wadata dole ne su kasance a cikin wannan kewayon ƙarfin lantarki dangane da ƙasan fitarwa (GND).
Ƙarfin Lantarki na Keɓancewa (V_ISO):3750 V_rmsna minti 1. Wannan shine gwajin ƙarfin lantarki na hi-pot da aka yi amfani da shi tsakanin gajerun pin ɗin shigarwa (1-4) da gajerun pin ɗin fitarwa (5-8) don tabbatar da ingancin shingen keɓancewa.
Zazzabi na Aiki (T_OPR):-40°C zuwa +85°C. An tabbatar da cewa na'urar ta cika ƙayyadaddun sigoginta na lantarki a cikin wannan kewayon zafin yanayi.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & Canja wuri

Waɗannan sigogi an tabbatar da su a cikin kewayon zafin aiki na 0°C zuwa 70°C sai dai idan an lura da su.

Halaye na Shigarwa:

Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):Yawanci 1.45V, tare da matsakaicin 1.8V a halin gaba (I_F) na 16 mA. Wannan shine faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin da ake gudanarwa.
Coefficient na Zazzabi na V_F:Kimanin -1.9 mV/°C. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru, wanda shine halayen al'ada na diodes na semiconductor.

Halaye na Fitarwa:

Halin Fitar Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun 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Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun Dabarun D_OH):Very low leakage current (max 0.5 µA) when the input is off (I_F=0). This indicates a good "off" state.
Supply Currents: I_CCL(logic low state, input on) is typically 100 µA, while I_CCH(logic high state, input off) is much lower, typically 0.01 µA. These values determine the quiescent power consumption of the output stage.

Transfer Characteristics:

Current Transfer Ratio (CTR):For the EL050L, the CTR is specified between 7% and 50% under standard test conditions (I_F=16mA, V_O=0.4V, V_CC=3.3V, T_A=25°C). CTR is the ratio of the output transistor's collector current to the input LED's forward current. A minimum CTR of 5% is guaranteed under slightly different conditions (V_O=0.5V). This parameter is crucial for ensuring the output can sink sufficient current to pull the output voltage low.
Logic Low Output Voltage (V_OL):Typically 0.12V, with a maximum of 0.4V when I_F=16mA and the output is sinking 3 mA. This low saturation voltage is essential for clean logic-low signaling.

.3 Switching Characteristics

These parameters define the dynamic performance of the photocoupler, critical for high-speed applications. Tests are performed at I_F=16mA and V_CC=3.3V.

Propagation Delay Times:
- T_PHL(to Logic Low):Maximum 2.0 µs with a 4.1kΩ load resistor (R_L). Faster switching (max 0.9 µs) is achieved with a smaller 1.9kΩ load. This is the delay from the input LED turning on to the output voltage falling to a logic low level.
- T_PLH(to Logic High):Similarly, maximum 2.0 µs (4.1kΩ) and 0.9 µs (1.9kΩ). This is the delay from the input LED turning off to the output voltage rising to a logic high level.
Common Mode Transient Immunity (CMTI):A key robustness metric. The device is tested to withstand a minimum of 1000 V/μs (typical) of common-mode voltage slew rate (dV_CM/dt) while maintaining the correct output logic state, both high and low. The test uses a 10V peak-to-peak common-mode pulse. High CMTI prevents false triggering from noise spikes across the isolation barrier.

. Pin Configuration and Functional Description

The device uses an 8-pin SOP package. The pinout is as follows:

Pin 1, 4:No Connection (NC). These pins are internally unconnected and can be left floating or connected to ground for shielding in the PCB layout.
Pin 2:Anode of the input infrared LED.
Pin 3:Cathode of the input infrared LED.
Pin 5:Ground (GND) for the output side circuitry.
Pin 6:Output Voltage (V_OUT). This is the open-collector output of the photodetector. An external pull-up resistor to V_CCis required.
Pin 7:Strobe or Bias Voltage (V_B). Based on the description ("strobable output"), this pin likely provides a means to enable or disable the output stage for noise reduction or multi-device multiplexing. The datasheet does not provide detailed application information for this pin; consulting the manufacturer's application notes is recommended.
Pin 8:Supply Voltage (V_CC) for the output side. Accepts 3.3V or 5V.

. Application Guidelines and Design Considerations

.1 Typical Application Scenarios

Gate Drive Isolation in Motor Drives/Inverters:Isolating the low-voltage microcontroller PWM signals from the high-voltage, noisy gate driver circuits for IGBTs or MOSFETs. The high CMTI is essential here.
Feedback Loop Isolation in Switched-Mode Power Supplies (SMPS):Providing isolated voltage/current feedback from the secondary (output) side to the primary-side controller, ensuring safety and regulation.
Communication Interface Isolation:Isolating serial data lines (e.g., RS-485, CAN, UART) to break ground loops and protect sensitive logic from transients.
Logic Level Translation and Ground Separation:Interfacing between systems with different ground potentials or logic voltage levels (e.g., 3.3V LVTTL to 5V CMOS).
Replacement for Pulse Transformers or Slower Phototransistor Couplers:Offering a smaller, more integrated, and potentially more reliable solution with comparable or better speed.

.2 Critical Design Considerations

Input Current Limiting Resistor:A series resistor must always be used with the input LED to limit the forward current (I_F) to a safe value, typically between 5mA and 16mA as per the datasheet's test conditions. The resistor value is calculated as R_limit= (V_drive- V_F) / I_F.
Output Pull-Up Resistor:The open-collector output on Pin 6 requires an external pull-up resistor to V_CC. The value of this resistor (R_L) is a critical trade-off:
- Smaller R_L(e.g., 1.9kΩ):Provides faster rise times (lower T_PLH) and stronger pull-up, but increases power dissipation when the output is low (I_OL= V_CC/R_L). Ensure the output's current sinking capability is not exceeded.
- Larger R_L(e.g., 4.1kΩ or 10kΩ):Reduces power consumption but results in slower rise times and may be more susceptible to noise pickup.
Power Supply Decoupling:Place a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor close to pins 8 (V_CC) and 5 (GND) to provide a local, low-impedance source of current for high-speed switching and to filter noise.
PCB Layout for High CMTI:To maintain the high common-mode transient immunity, minimize the parasitic capacitance across the isolation barrier. This means keeping the input and output traces physically separated on the PCB, avoiding parallel runs, and following the recommended creepage and clearance distances specified in safety standards.
Strobe Pin (V_B) Usage:If the strobable feature is not required, this pin should be connected according to the manufacturer's recommendation, which is often to V_CCor left floating. The datasheet lacks explicit guidance, so verification is needed.

. Mechanical, Packaging, and Assembly Information

.1 Package Dimensions and Mounting

The device is housed in an 8-pin SOP (Small Outline Package). The datasheet includes a package drawing with critical dimensions (length, width, height, lead pitch, etc.). Designers must adhere to these dimensions for PCB footprint creation.

A recommended pad layout for surface mounting is typically provided to ensure reliable solder joint formation during reflow soldering. This layout accounts for thermal relief and proper solder fillets.

.2 Soldering and Handling

Reflow Soldering:The device can withstand a maximum soldering temperature (T_SOL) of 260°C for 10 seconds. Standard lead-free reflow profiles (IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020) are generally applicable.
Moisture Sensitivity:SOP packages are typically moisture-sensitive. If the device is supplied in a dry pack, it must be baked according to the manufacturer's instructions if the exposure time limit is exceeded before soldering.
Storage Conditions:The absolute maximum storage temperature range is -40°C to +125°C. Store in a dry, anti-static environment.

. Ordering Information and Model Differentiation

The part number follows the format:EL050L(Z)-V

EL050L:Base part number for the series.
(Z):Tape and Reel option.
- None: Packed in tubes of 100 units.
- (TA): TA type tape and reel, 2000 units per reel.
- (TB): TB type tape and reel, 2000 units per reel.
-V:Optional suffix indicating the device is certified to VDE standards. If omitted, the device has standard approvals (UL, cUL, etc.).

Examples:

EL050L:Standard part in tube.
EL050L-V:VDE-certified part in tube.
EL050L(TA)-V:VDE-certified part on TA-type tape and reel.

. Technical Comparison and FAQs

.1 Comparison with Other Isolator Types

vs. Traditional Phototransistor Couplers:The EL050L is significantly faster (1Mbit/s vs. often <100kbit/s) due to its integrated logic-gate output stage, which actively drives the output rather than relying on a passive phototransistor.
vs. Digital Isolators (CMOS-based):Digital isolators use RF or capacitive coupling and can achieve much higher speeds (e.g., 100Mbit/s+) and lower power consumption. However, photocouplers like the EL050L generally offer higher inherent isolation voltage and longer-term reliability due to their galvanic optical isolation, which is immune to magnetic fields.
vs. Pulse Transformers:The EL050L provides a static DC level translation, whereas transformers only pass AC signals. It is also smaller and does not require complex driver circuits for signal shaping.

.2 Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Parameters)

Q: Can I drive the input LED directly from a 5V microcontroller pin?

A: No. You must use a current-limiting resistor. For a 5V MCU pin, V_drive=5V. Assuming V_F≈1.5V and desired I_F=10mA, R_limit= (5V - 1.5V) / 0.01A = 350Ω. A 330Ω or 360Ω resistor would be suitable.

Q: What value of pull-up resistor (R_L) should I use on the output?

A: It depends on your speed and power requirements. For maximum speed, use 1.9kΩ (if V_CC=3.3V, I_OL≈1.7mA). For lower power and moderate speed, 4.7kΩ or 10kΩ is common. Verify that your load's input logic-low threshold (V_IL) is safely above the photocoupler's V_OLat your chosen I_OL.

Q: The CTR has a wide range (7% to 50%). How does this affect my design?

A: You must design for the worst-case minimum CTR (5% under the datasheet's specific condition) to ensure the output can always sink enough current to reach a valid logic-low voltage. If your design margin is insufficient with the minimum CTR, you may need to increase the input LED current (I_F).

Q: Is the isolation rating of 3750Vrms sufficient for my industrial application?

A: 3750Vrms is a standard rating for functional isolation in many industrial control systems. For reinforced isolation or applications with higher mains voltages (e.g., 480VAC three-phase), you must check the specific safety standards (IEC/UL 60747-5-5) to ensure the device's ratings meet the required working voltage, pollution degree, and material group criteria.

. Operational Principle and Technology Trends

.1 Principle of Operation

The EL050L operates on the fundamental principle of opto-electronic conversion. When a forward current is applied to the input-side infrared LED (pins 2-3), it emits photons. These photons travel across a transparent isolation barrier (typically a molded silicone or plastic compound) and strike the photosensitive area of the integrated detector on the output side. The detector circuit, which includes a photodiode and a gain stage (likely a transimpedance amplifier and a comparator/logic gate), converts the light signal back into an electrical signal. The "strobable" feature on pin 7 suggests an additional control input to this output stage, possibly gating the output to reduce power or enable bus sharing. The key advantage is the complete absence of galvanic (electrical) connection between the two sides, providing high voltage isolation and noise immunity.

.2 Industry Trends

The trend in signal isolation is towards higher integration, speed, and power efficiency. While traditional photocouplers remain strong in applications requiring very high isolation voltage and proven long-term reliability, digital isolators based on CMOS technology are capturing market share in high-speed digital communication (USB, Ethernet) and areas where low power consumption and small size are paramount. Hybrid devices that combine the best of both technologies (e.g., optical coupling with integrated CMOS drivers for high speed) are also emerging. Furthermore, there is a continuous push for higher common-mode transient immunity (CMTI) to cope with the faster switching speeds of modern silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) power semiconductors used in advanced motor drives and power supplies.

Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED

Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED

Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki

Kalma	Naúrar/Wakilci	Bayanin Sauri	Me yasa yake da muhimmanci
Ingancin Hasken Wuta	lm/W (lumen kowace watt)	Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari.	Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki.
Gudun Hasken Wuta	lm (lumen)	Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske".	Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai.
Kusurwar Dubawa	° (digiri), misali 120°	Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske.	Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito.
Zafin Launi (CCT)	K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K	Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi.	Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace.
CI / Ra	Ba naúrar, 0–100	Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau.	Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi.
SDCM	Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki"	Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi.	Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya.
Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken	nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja)	Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi.	Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya.
Rarraba Bakan Hasken	Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi	Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske.	Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi.

Ma'auni na Lantarki

Kalma	Alamar	Bayanin Sauri	Abubuwan ƙira
Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba	Vf	Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa".	Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere.
Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba	If	Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun.	Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai.
Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini	Ifp	Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya.	Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa.
Ƙarfin lantarki na baya	Vr	Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa.	Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki.
Juriya na zafi	Rth (°C/W)	Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau.	Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi.
Rigakafin ESD	V (HBM), misali 1000V	Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni.	Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali.

Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa

Kalma	Ma'aunin maɓalli	Bayanin Sauri	Tasiri
Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa	Tj (°C)	Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED.	Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi.
Ragewar Lumen	L70 / L80 (sa'o'i)	Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko.	Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED.
Kula da Lumen	% (misali 70%)	Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci.	Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci.
Canjin Launi	Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam	Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani.	Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa.
Tsufa na Zafi	Lalacewar kayan aiki	Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci.	Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye.

Tufafi & Kayan Aiki

Kalma	Nau'ikan gama gari	Bayanin Sauri	Siffofi & Aikace-aikace
Nau'in Kunshin	EMC, PPA, Yumbu	Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi.	EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai.
Tsarin Guntu	Gaba, Guntu Juyawa	Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu.	Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
Rufin Phosphor	YAG, Silicate, Nitride	Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari.	Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI.
Ruwan tabarau/Optics	Lefi, Microlens, TIR	Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske.	Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske.

Kula da Inganci & Rarraba

Kalma	Abun rarraba	Bayanin Sauri	Manufa
Kwalin Gudun Hasken	Lambar misali 2G, 2H	An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen.	Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya.
Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki	Lambar misali 6W, 6X	An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba.	Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin.
Kwalin Launi	Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki	An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon.	Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin.
Kwalin CCT	2700K, 3000K da sauransu	An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa.	Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban.

Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida

Kalma	Matsakaicin/Gwaji	Bayanin Sauri	Muhimmanci
LM-80	Gwajin kula da lumen	Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske.	Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21).
TM-21	Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa	Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80.	Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa.
IESNA	Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa	Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi.	Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince.
RoHS / REACH	Tabbatarwar muhalli	Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury).	Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya.
ENERGY STAR / DLC	Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari	Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa.	Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa.