PD95-21B/TR10 Photodiode Datasheet - Kunshin SMD Mai Girman 1.9mm - Ruwan Tabarau Baƙi - Mafi Girman Hankali 940nm - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

PD95-21B/TR10 ƙaramin na'ura ne, mai hawa a saman (SMD) wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen gano haske mai inganci. Yana da tushen silicon PIN photodiode, wanda shine ainihin kayan semiconductor da ke canza makamashin haske zuwa wutar lantarki. An sanya na'urar a cikin ƙunƙuntaccen kunshin zagaye mai diamita 1.9mm tare da tsarin jagorar "Z-Bend" na musamman, wanda ya sa ya dace da hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik. Saman kunshin yana da ruwan tabarau na filastik baƙi wanda ke taimakawa wajen ayyana filin gani kuma yana ba da ɗan kariya daga yanayi. Babban aikinsa shine gano radiation na infrared, tare da halayensa na gani da aka daidaita musamman don dacewa da fitilun infrared (IREDs) na gama gari, wanda ya sa ya zama cikakken ɓangaren karɓa a cikin tsarin haske.

2. Fasaloli da Aikace-aikace Masu Muhimmanci

2.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

Photodiode yana ba da fa'idodi da yawa na aiki masu mahimmanci ga ƙirar lantarki na zamani:

• Saurin Lokacin Amsa:Tsarin PIN, tare da yankinsa na asali (I), yana ba da damar tattara masu ɗaukar kaya cikin sauri, yana ba da damar na'urar ta amsa cikin sauri ga canje-canjen ƙarfin haske. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don sadarwar bayanai, gano bugun jini, da kuma gano sauri.
• Babban Hankalin Hoto:Yana samar da wutar lantarki mai aunawa cikin inganci daga ƙananan matakan hasken da ya faru (irradiance), yana inganta rabo na sigina zuwa amo a cikin da'irorin gano.
• Ƙananan Ƙarfin Junction:Ƙaramin ƙarfi yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye babban bandwidth da saurin amsawa, saboda yana rage ƙaramin lokacin RC na da'irar gano.
• Dacewar Masana'antu Mai Ƙarfi:An tsara na'urar don jurewa daidaitattun hanyoyin gishiri na infrared da tururi, yana sauƙaƙe haɗin PCB mai dogaro.
• Yin Biyayya ga Muhalli:Bangaren ba shi da gubar (Pb-free), yana bin ka'idar REACH na EU, kuma ya cika buƙatun marasa halogen (Br <900 ppm, Cl <900 ppm, Br+Cl <1500 ppm), yana daidaitawa da ka'idojin muhalli da aminci na duniya.

2.2 Aikace-aikacen Manufa

An ƙera wannan photodiode don tsarin da ke buƙatar ingantaccen gano infrared. Yankunan aikace-aikace na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

• Tsarin Aikace-aikacen Infrared:Wannan ya ƙunshi fadi, gami da na'urorin sarrafa nesa, na'urori masu gano kusanci, gano abu, da kuma sauya haske mai katsewa.
• Kwafin da Firinta:Ana amfani da su don gano takarda, gano matakin toner, da kuma hanyoyin bincike inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen gano hasken da aka nuna ko watsawa.
• Na'urori Masu Gano Motoci:Ya dace da ayyukan gano da ba su da mahimmanci a cikin motoci, kamar na'urori masu gano ruwan sama, na'urori masu gano magriba, ko gano ciki, inda dogaro a cikin kewayon zafin jiki yake da mahimmanci.

3. Bincike na Ma'auni na Fasaha

3.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Waɗannan iyakoki suna ayyana yanayin damuwa wanda sama da haka za a iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin. Ya kamata a yi aiki koyaushe a cikin waɗannan iyakokin.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Juyawa (V_R):32 V. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da za a iya amfani da shi a cikin juyawar baya a kan diode ba tare da haifar da rushewa ba.
• Zazzabi na Aiki (T_opr):-25°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon yanayin zafin da aka ƙayyade na'urar don yin aiki daidai.
• Zazzabi na Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon zazzabi don ajiyar da ba ta aiki ba.
• Zazzabin Gishiri (T_sol):260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5. Wannan yana ayyana iyakar jurewar zafin jiki yayin gishirin sake kwarara.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d):150 mW a 25°C. Matsakaicin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya watsawa cikin aminci a matsayin zafi.

3.2 Halayen Lantarki-Haske (Ta=25°C)

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun.

• Bandwidth na Gani (λ_0.5):730 nm zuwa 1100 nm. Wannan shine kewayon tsawon raƙuman ruwa inda amsawar photodiode ta kasance aƙalla rabin mafi girman ƙimarta. Yana tabbatar da cewa na'urar tana da hankali a cikin kewayon gani na infrared na kusa.
• Tsawon Raƙuman Mafi Girman Hankali (λ_P):940 nm (Na yau da kullun). Tsawon raƙuman haske wanda photodiode ya fi hankali. Wannan yana daidaitawa daidai da fitowar fitowar yawancin fitilun infrared na GaAlAs na yau da kullun.
• Wutar Lantarki Gajeriyar Kewayawa (I_SC):4 µA (Na yau da kullun) a E_e=1 mW/cm², λ=875 nm. Wutar lantarki da aka samar lokacin da aka gajarta tashoshin photodiode (sifili bias ƙarfin lantarki). Yana da ma'aunin ingancin samar da wutar lantarki kai tsaye.
• Wutar Lantarki Mai Juyawa (I_L):4 µA (Na yau da kullun) a E_e=1 mW/cm², λ=875 nm, V_R=5V. Wutar lantarki da ke gudana a ƙarƙashin juyawar baya lokacin da aka haskaka. Yin aiki a cikin juyawar baya (yanayin photoconductive) gabaɗaya yana ba da saurin amsawa da ƙarin layi fiye da sifili-bias (yanayin photovoltaic).
• Wutar Lantarki Mai Juyawa Duhu (I_D):10 nA (Matsakaici) a V_R=10V. Ƙananan wutar lantarki mai ɓarkewa da ke gudana a ƙarƙashin yanayin juyawar baya cikin cikakken duhu. Ƙaramin wutar lantarki mai duhu yana da mahimmanci don gano raunin sigina na haske, saboda yana wakiltar ƙasan amo na na'urar.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Juyawa (V_BR):32 V (Mafi ƙanƙanta), 170 V (Na yau da kullun). Ƙarfin lantarki wanda wutar lantarki mai juyawa ke ƙaruwa da sauri. Kada a taɓa yin aiki da na'urar a kusa da wannan batu.

4. Bincike na Lankwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanai tana nuni zuwa lankwasan aiki na yau da kullun waɗanda ke ba da zurfin fahimta fiye da ƙayyadaddun ma'auni guda ɗaya.

4.1 Hankalin Gani (Hoto na 1)

Wannan lankwasa ta hanyar hoto tana wakiltar amsawar photodiode a matsayin aikin tsawon raƙuman hasken da ya faru. Zai nuna lankwasa mai siffar kararrawa, yana kololuwa a kusan 940 nm kuma yana raguwa zuwa ƙayyadaddun maki 730 nm da 1100 nm a rabin mafi girman hankali. Wannan lankwasa tana da mahimmanci don daidaita photodiode zuwa takamaiman tushen haske, yana tabbatar da mafi ƙarfin sigina.

4.2 Wutar Lantarki Mai Juyawa vs. Irradiance (Hoto na 2)

Wannan makircin yana kwatanta alaƙa tsakanin wutar lantarki da aka samar (I_L) da ƙarfin hasken da ya faru (E_e). Don ingantaccen PIN photodiode da ke aiki a yankinsa na layi, wannan alaƙar ya kamata ta kasance mai layi sosai. Gangaren wannan layin yana wakiltar amsawar photodiode (yawanci a cikin A/W). Wannan layi yana da mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen auna haske na analog.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

5.1 Girman Kunshin

Na'urar kunshin zagaye ce mai diamita 1.9mm. An ba da cikakkun zane-zane na injiniya a cikin takardar bayanai, suna ƙayyade duk mahimman girma gami da diamita jiki, tsayi, tazarar jagora, da girman jagora. Duk girma suna cikin millimeters tare da iyakar daidaitaccen ±0.1mm sai dai idan an lura da haka. Salon jagorar "Z-Bend" an tsara shi don samar da ƙafar ƙafa mai ƙarfi don hawa a saman kuma yana rage damuwar injiniya.

5.2 Gano Polarity

Photodiode bangare ne mai polarized. Zanen takardar bayanai yana nuna tashoshin cathode da anode a sarari. Dole ne a kiyaye polarity daidai yayin haɗa allon da'ira don aiki daidai a cikin tsarin juyawar baya.

5.3 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset ɗin Carrier da Reel

Don haɗawa ta atomatik, ana samar da abubuwan a cikin kaset ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya da reel. Takardar bayanai ta haɗa da girma don aljihun kaset ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya, diamita na reel, da kuma alkibla. Matsakaicin adadin shiryawa shine guda 1000 a kowace reel.

6. Jagororin Gishiri da Haɗawa

6.1 Ajiya da Hankalin Danshi

Photodiode yana da hankali ga danshi. Dole ne a ɗauki matakan kariya don hana bushewa ko rabuwa yayin gishirin sake kwarara:

• Ajiye jakunkunan da ba a buɗe ba a ≤30°C da ≤90% RH.
• Yi amfani da abubuwan cikin shekara guda.
• Bayan buɗewa, ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH.
• Yi amfani da shi cikin sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) bayan buɗe jakar shinge na danshi.
• Idan lokacin ajiya ya wuce ko kuma desiccant ya nuna shigar danshi, a toya a 60±5°C na awanni 24 kafin amfani.

6.2 Bayanin Yanayin Gishirin Sake Kwarara

Ana ba da shawarar bayanin zafin jiki na gishirin sake kwarara mara gubar. Ya kamata a sarrafa bayanin don tabbatar da cewa matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C na fiye da dakika 5 ba. Kada a yi gishirin sake kwarara fiye da sau biyu don guje wa lalacewar zafi ga kunshin filastik da mutuwar semiconductor.

6.3 Gishiri da Hannu da Sake Aiki

Idan gishiri da hannu ya zama dole, ana buƙatar kulawa mai tsanani:

• Yi amfani da ƙarfe mai gishiri tare da zafin jiki ƙasa da 350°C da ƙimar wutar lantarki ƙasa da 25W.
• Iyakance lokacin tuntuɓar kowane jagora zuwa dakika 3.
• Ba da tazarar sanyi aƙalla dakika 2 tsakanin gishiri kowane jagora.
• Guci damuwar injiniya akan bangaren yayin dumama.
• Ana ƙarfafa hana sake aiki. Idan ba za a iya gujewa ba, ya kamata a yi amfani da ƙarfe mai gishiri na kai biyu na musamman don dumama duka jagororin lokaci guda, yana hana damuwar zafi. Dole ne a tabbatar da aikin na'urar bayan kowane yunƙurin sake aiki.

6.4 La'akari da Ƙirar Allon Da'ira

Bayan gishiri, kada allon da'ira ya karkace ko lanƙwasa, saboda hakan na iya canja damuwa zuwa ga mutuwar semiconductor mai rauni ko haɗin gishiri, yana iya haifar da gazawa.

7. La'akari da Ƙirar Aikace-aikace

7.1 Kariya daga Wuce Gona da Irin Wutar Lantarki

Bayanan ƙira mai mahimmanci: Photodiode da kansa ba shi da iyakancewar wutar lantarki na ciki. Lokacin da ake aiki a cikin juyawar baya, ko da ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na iya haifar da babban, mai yuwuwar lalacewar ƙaruwa a cikin wutar lantarki idan na'urar ta fuskanci haske. Saboda haka, dole ne a yi amfani da resistor na wajedolea yi amfani da shi a cikin da'irar bias don iyakance matsakaicin wutar lantarki a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske mai haske kuma a hana ƙonewa.

7.2 Biasing da Da'irar Haɗin kai

Ana iya amfani da photodiode a cikin manyan hanyoyi guda biyu:

1. Yanayin Photoconductive (Juyawar Baya):Aiwatar da ƙarfin lantarki mai juyawa (misali, 5V kamar yadda yake cikin yanayin gwaji) yana faɗaɗa yankin raguwa, yana rage ƙarfin junction da saurin lokacin amsawa. Wannan shine yanayin da aka fi so don aikace-aikacen sauri da layi. Fitowa shine tushen wutar lantarki, yawanci ana canza shi zuwa ƙarfin lantarki ta amfani da amplifier na transimpedance (TIA).
2. Yanayin Photovoltaic (Sifili Bias):Photodiode yana samar da ƙarfin lantarki nasa lokacin da aka haskaka, yana aiki kamar tantanin hasken rana. Wannan yanayin yana ba da ƙaramin wutar lantarki mai duhu amma yana da saurin amsawa da ƙarancin layi. Ya dace don auna haske na ƙananan mitar inda sauƙi ke da mahimmanci.

7.3 Ƙirar Hasken Gani

Ruwan tabarau baƙi yana ba da kusurwar kallo da aka ayyana. Don mafi kyawun aiki, ƙirar tsarin ya kamata ta yi la'akari da daidaitawa tsakanin tushen hasken infrared (misali, LED) da photodiode, da kuma yuwuwar tushen tsangwama na hasken yanayi (misali, hasken rana, ƙwan fitila) waɗanda suka faɗo cikin kewayon gani. Masu tace haske na iya zama dole a cikin wurare masu haske mai yawa.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Zaɓi

PD95-21B/TR10 na cikin rukunin photodiodes na silicon tare da ruwan tabarau baƙi. Lokacin zaɓar photodiode, ya kamata injiniyoyi su kwatanta ma'auni masu mahimmanci da buƙatun aikace-aikace: saurin amsawa (mai alaƙa da ƙarfi da bias), hankali (I_L), daidaitawar gani ga tushen haske, girman kunshin, da ƙarfin yanayi. Haɗin wannan na'urar na ƙananan girma, kyakkyawan hankali, saurin amsawa, da dacewar SMD sun sa ta zama ɗan takara mai ƙarfi don aikace-aikacen gano infrared na masu amfani da masana'antu masu ƙarancin sarari inda aka daidaita aminci da farashi.

9. Ka'idojin Aiki

PIN photodiode na'urar semiconductor ce mai tsarin Layer uku: P-type, Intrinsic (ba a cika ba), da N-type silicon. Lokacin da photons tare da makamashi mafi girma fiye da bandgap na silicon suka bugi yankin na asali, suna haifar da nau'i-nau'i na electron-ramuwa. A cikin PIN diode mai juyawa, filin lantarki a cikin faɗin yanki na asali yana share waɗannan masu ɗaukar kaya zuwa tashoshinsu, yana haifar da wutar lantarki wanda ya yi daidai da ƙarfin hasken da ya faru. Faɗin yanki na asali shine mabuɗin aikinsa: yana haifar da babban yanki na raguwa don sha photon (ƙara hankali) kuma yana rage ƙarfin junction (ƙara sauri).

10. Bayanin Keɓancewa da Bayanan Amfani

Bayanan da aka bayar a cikin takardar bayanai suna wakiltar ƙayyadaddun masana'anta a lokacin bugawa. Lankwasan aiki na yau da kullun suna don tunani kuma ba sa wakiltar tabbataccen mafi ƙanƙanta ko matsakaicin ƙima. Alhakin mai ƙira ne ya yi aiki da na'urar a cikin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici kuma ya tabbatar da aiki a cikin takamaiman aikace-aikacen ƙarshe. Gabaɗaya wannan samfurin ba a yi niyya don amfani da shi a cikin tsarin aminci mai mahimmanci, tallafin rayuwa, soja, ko na farko na motoci ba tare da ingantaccen cancanta da amincewa daga masana'anta na bangaren ba.