Takardar Bayani na Fasaha na Jerin 8-Pin DIP Mai Sauri 1Mbit/s Photocoupler Transistor 6N135 6N136 EL450x - Kunshin DIP-8 - Keɓancewar 5000Vrms

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

6N135, 6N136, EL4502, da EL4503 dangi ne na photocouplers (optoisolators) mai fitar da transistor mai sauri wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar keɓancewar siginar dijital cikin sauri. Kowane na'ura tana haɗa LED (Light Emitting Diode) mai hasken infrared wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar haske zuwa transistor mai gano haske mai sauri. Babban fa'idar wannan jerin yana cikin tsarin fil ɗin da aka keɓance, wanda ke raba bias na photodiode da tarin transistor na fitarwa. Wannan zaɓin gine-gine yana rage ƙarfin ƙarfin tushe-tarin transistor na shigarwa sosai, yana ba da damar saurin sauyawa har zuwa Megabit 1 a cikin dakika guda (1Mbit/s), wanda ya fi na al'ada na couplers na phototransistor girma da yawa.

Ana ba da na'urorin a cikin daidaitaccen Kunshin Dual In-line (DIP) mai fil 8 kuma ana samun su tare da zaɓuɓɓuka don faɗin tazarar gubar da tsarin hawa sama. An siffanta su don aiki a cikin faɗin kewayon zafin jiki kuma suna bin manyan ka'idojin aminci na duniya, wanda ya sa su dace da aikace-aikacen masana'antu, sadarwa, da na'urorin lantarki.

2. Fassarar Ma'anar Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Iyakar Ma'auni na Gabaɗaya

Iyakar Ma'auni na Gabaɗaya suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'ura na iya faruwa. Ba a ba da shawarar aiki na'urar akai-akai a ko kusa da waɗannan iyakokin. Manyan ma'auni sun haɗa da:

• Ƙarfin Gaba na Shigarwa (I_F): 25 mA ci gaba. Ƙarfin gaba mai kololuwa (I_FP) an ƙididdige shi a 50 mA don bugun jini tare da aikin aiki na 50% da faɗin bugun jini na 1ms.
• Ƙarfin Juyawa (V_R): Matsakaicin 5 V a kan LED na shigarwa.
• Ƙarfin Fitarwa (V_O): Kewayon daga -0.5 V zuwa +20 V a filin fitarwa.
• Ƙarfin Wadata (V_CC): Kewayon daga -0.5 V zuwa +30 V don wadatar gefen fitarwa.
• Ƙarfin Keɓancewa (V_ISO): 5000 V_rmsna minti 1. Wannan siga ce mai mahimmanci ta aminci, an gwada ta ta hanyar gajarta filayen gefen shigarwa (1-4) tare da filayen gefen fitarwa (5-8) tare.
• Zafin Aiki (T_OPR): -55°C zuwa +100°C. Wannan faɗin kewayon yana tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki a cikin yanayi mai tsanani.
• Jimlar Ragewar Wutar Lantarki (P_TOT): 200 mW, haɗa iyakokin wutar lantarki na shigarwa da fitarwa.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da Canja wuri

Ana garantin waɗannan sigogi a cikin kewayon zafin aiki na 0°C zuwa 70°C sai dai idan an lura daban. Suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na al'ada.

• Ƙarfin Gaba (V_F): Yawanci 1.45V a I_F= 16 mA. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakancewar ƙarfin shigarwa.
• Matsakaicin Canja wurin Ƙarfi (CTR): Wannan shine rabo na ƙarfin tarin transistor na fitarwa zuwa ƙarfin gaba na LED na shigarwa, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin kashi. 6N135 yana da mafi ƙarancin CTR na 7% (misali), yayin da 6N136, EL4502, da EL4503 suna da mafi ƙarancin 19%. Wannan siga yana shafar ƙarfin tuƙi da ake buƙata kai tsaye don ƙayyadadden ƙarfin fitarwa.
• Ƙarfin Fitarwa Ƙananan Logic (V_OL): Ƙarfin da ke filin fitarwa lokacin da na'urar ke cikin yanayin "KUNNA". Ga 6N135, an garantin zai kasance ƙasa da 0.4V (matsakaici) a I_F=16mA da I_O=1.1mA. Ga 6N136/EL450x, yana ƙasa da 0.4V a I_O=3mA. Ƙananan V_OLyana da mahimmanci don tsaftatattun sigina masu ƙananan logic.
• Ƙarfunan Wadata (I_CCL, I_CCH): I_CCLshine ƙarfin da aka zana daga V_CClokacin da fitarwa ta yi ƙasa (LED kunne), yawanci 140 µA. I_CCHshine ƙarfin lokacin da fitarwa ta yi sama (LED kashe), yawanci 0.01 µA, yana nuna ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki sosai a yanayin hutawa.

3. Halaye na Sauyawa

Waɗannan sigogi suna ƙididdige saurin na'urar, wanda shine babban abin da ya bambanta. Ana yin gwaje-gwaje a I_F=16mA da V_CC=5V.

• Jinkirin Yaduwa (t_PHL, t_PLH): Wannan shine jinkirin lokaci tsakanin gefen siginar shigarwa da amsawar fitarwa da ta dace.
  • 6N135: t_PHL(zuwa Ƙasa) yawanci 0.35 µs (matsakaici 2.0 µs); t_PLH(zuwa Sama) yawanci 0.5 µs (matsakaici 2.0 µs) tare da R_L=4.1kΩ.
  • 6N136/EL450x: t_PHLyawanci 0.35 µs (matsakaici 1.0 µs); t_PLHyawanci 0.3 µs (matsakaici 1.0 µs) tare da R_L=1.9kΩ.
  Waɗannan jinkirin yaduwa masu sauri suna ba da damar watsa bayanai cikin aminci a 1Mbit/s.
• Rigakafin Canjin Yanayi na Gama gari (CM_H, CM_L): Wannan yana auna ikon na'urar don ƙi saurin canjin ƙarfin lantarki (amo) wanda ke bayyana daidai a gefen shigarwa da fitarwa na shingen keɓancewa. An ƙayyade shi a cikin Volts a kowace microsecond (V/µs).
  • 6N135/6N136/EL4502: Mafi ƙarancin 1000 V/µs don duka yanayi masu girma da ƙasa.
  • EL4503: Ya fi girma sosai, tare da ƙimar al'ada na 20,000 V/µs da mafi ƙarancin 15,000 V/µs, yana mai da shi zaɓi mafi kyau don yanayi masu hayaniya kamar tuƙin mota.

4. Bayanan Injiniya da Kunshi

4.1 Tsarin Fil

Na'urorin suna amfani da kunshin DIP mai fil 8. Tsarin fil ɗin ya ɗan bambanta tsakanin 6N135/6N136 da EL4502/EL4503, musamman a aikin fil 7.

Ga 6N135 / 6N136:

1. Babu Haɗi (NC)
2. Anode (Anode na LED Shigarwa)
3. Cathode (Cathode na LED Shigarwa)
4. Babu Haɗi (NC)
5. Ƙasa (Ƙasan gefen fitarwa, GND)
6. Ƙarfin Fitarwa (V_OUT)
7. Ƙarfin Bias (V_B) - Wannan fil yana ba da haɗi daban don bias na photodiode na ciki, wanda shine maɓalli don cimma sauri.
8. Ƙarfin Wadata (V_CC)

Ga EL4502 / EL4503:

1. Babu Haɗi (NC)
2. Anode (Anode na LED Shigarwa)
3. Cathode (Cathode na LED Shigarwa)
4. Babu Haɗi (NC)
5. Ƙasa (Ƙasan gefen fitarwa, GND)
6. Ƙarfin Fitarwa (V_OUT)
7. Babu Haɗi (NC) - Lura: Fil 7 ba a haɗa shi a cikin waɗannan bambance-bambancen.
8. Ƙarfin Wadata (V_CC)

5. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

5.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

• Masu Karɓar Layi & Kayan Aikin Sadarwa: Keɓance layukan bayanan dijital (misali, RS-232, RS-485) don hana madaukai na ƙasa da kare da'irori masu hankali daga haɓakawa.
• Keɓancewar Transistor na Wutar Lantarki a cikin Tuƙin Mota & Wadatar Wutar Lantarki Mai Sauyawa (SMPS): Bayar da siginan ƙofar tuƙi zuwa MOSFETs/IGBTs na gefen sama yayin kiyaye keɓancewar galvanic. Babban rigakafin canjin yanayi na gama gari (musamman na EL4503) yana da mahimmanci a nan.
• Keɓancewar Ƙasan Logic Mai Sauri: Karya madaukai na ƙasa tsakanin tsarin ƙananan tsarin dijital waɗanda ke aiki a matakai daban-daban, hana haɗa amo.
• Maye gurbin Couplers na Phototransistor Masu Ƙarancin Sauri: Haɓaka ƙirar da ke akwai don mafi girman ƙimar bayanai ba tare da manyan canje-canjen da'ira ba.
• Kayan Aikin Gida & Sarrafa Masana'antu: Keɓance microcontrollers na mu'amalar mai amfani daga matakan wutar lantarki.

5.2 Abubuwan da Ake Bukatar Lura a Zance

• Iyaka Ƙarfin Shigarwa: Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor na waje a jere tare da LED na shigarwa don iyakance ƙarfin gaba (I_F) zuwa ƙimar da ake so, yawanci kusan 16 mA don mafi kyawun sauri da CTR. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor kamar (Ƙarfin Wadata - V_F) / I_F.
• Resistor na Ja Sama: Ana buƙatar resistor na ja sama (R_L) tsakanin V_OUT(fil 6) da V_CC(fil 8). Ƙimarsa tana shafar duka saurin sauyawa da ikon fitarwa. Takardar bayani tana ƙayyade yanayin gwaji tare da R_L=4.1kΩ don 6N135 da 1.9kΩ don 6N136/EL450x. Ƙananan ƙimomi suna ƙara sauri amma kuma suna ƙara raguwar wutar lantarki.
• Capacitors na Bypass: Sanya capacitor na yumbu 0.1 µF kusa da filayen V_CCda GND a gefen fitarwa don keɓance amo mai girma mita.
• Zance don Babban CMR: Don kiyaye babban ƙin yanayi na gama gari, rage ƙarfin ƙarfin parasitic tsakanin gefen shigarwa da fitarwa na tsarin zancen allon. Ka kiyaye alamun a kowane gefen shingen keɓancewa da kyau.

6. Kwatancen Fasaha da Jagorar Zabi

Babban bambance-bambance a cikin wannan jerin suna cikin Matsakaicin Canja wurin Ƙarfi (CTR) da Ƙin Yanayi na Gama gari (CMR).

• 6N135 vs. 6N136/EL4502: 6N135 yana da mafi ƙarancin CTR (7% vs. 19%). Wannan yana nufin yana iya buƙatar ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfin shigarwa don cimma girgizar ƙarfin fitarwa iri ɗaya. 6N136/EL4502 yana ba da gefe mafi kyau.
• EL4503 vs. Sauran: EL4503 ya fice tare da babban rigakafin canjin yanayi na gama gari (15,000 V/µs mafi ƙarancin). Wannan ya sa shi zama zaɓi da aka fi so don aikace-aikacen da ke da babban amo na lantarki, kamar a cikin tuƙi masu canzawa mita (VFDs) ko masu sarrafa motocin masana'antu, inda saurin ƙarfin lantarki (dV/dt) ya zama ruwan dare.
• Taƙaitaccen Zabi:
  • Don keɓancewar sauri na gabaɗaya tare da CTR mai kyau: Zaɓi 6N136 ko EL4502.
  • Idan farashi shine babban abu kuma ana iya karɓar ƙananan CTR: 6N135 na iya isa.
  • Don mafi buƙatu, yanayin na'urorin lantarki masu hayaniya: An tsara EL4503 musamman don wannan rawar.

7. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Menene babban fa'idar wannan photocoupler akan daidaitaccen 4N35?

A: Sauri. Tsarin fil ɗin bias da aka keɓance (V_Ba kan 6N135/136) yana rage ƙarfin ƙarfin ciki, yana ba da damar aiki a 1Mbit/s, yayin da daidaitaccen coupler na phototransistor kamar 4N35 yawanci yana iyakance ƙasa da 100 kbit/s.

Q: Zan iya amfani da wadata 5V guda ɗaya don duka gefen shigarwa da fitarwa?

A: A zahiri, i, amma wannan yana soke manufar keɓancewa. Don keɓancewa na gaskiya, gefen shigarwa (LED) da gefen fitarwa (mai gano, V_CC, GND) dole ne a samar da su daga wadatattun wutar lantarki daban-daban, waɗanda ba a haɗa su ba, ko daga mai canza DC-DC mai keɓancewa.

Q: Me yasa akwai ƙimar resistor na ja sama daban-daban guda biyu da aka ba da shawarar (4.1kΩ vs. 1.9kΩ)?

A: Bambance-bambancen ƙayyadaddun CTR na na'urorin suna haifar da maki aiki daban-daban masu kyau. 6N135, tare da ƙananan CTR, yana amfani da mafi girman resistor na ja sama don iyakance ƙarfin fitarwa don ƙayyadadden ƙarancin ƙarfin fitarwa, yayin da har yanzu yana cimma saurin da aka yi niyya. 6N136/EL450x, tare da mafi girman CTR, na iya amfani da ƙimar resistor ƙasa, wanda zai iya ƙara inganta saurin sauyawa.

Q: Me "Ba tare da gubar kuma ya bi RoHS" ke nufi ga tsarin tara na?

A: Yana nufin an kera na'urar ba tare da gubar (Pb) ba kuma tana bin umarnin ƙuntata abubuwa masu haɗari. Wannan yana ba shi damar amfani da shi a cikin samfuran da ake sayar da su a yankunan da ke da waɗannan ƙa'idodin muhalli. An ƙayyade ƙimar zafin gishiri (260°C na dakika 10) don hanyoyin gishiri marasa gubar.

8. Gabatarwa Game da Ka'ida

Photocoupler mai fitar da transistor yana aiki bisa ka'idar keɓancewar haske. Ƙarfin lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi a gefen shigarwa yana sa LED (Light Emitting Diode) mai hasken infrared ya fitar da haske. Wannan hasken yana tafiya a kan ɗan guntun tazara a cikin kunshin kuma ya bugi yankin tushe na phototransistor a gefen fitarwa. Photons masu shigowa suna haifar da nau'i-nau'i na electron-ramu a cikin tushe, yana aiki yadda ya kamata azaman ƙarfin tushe. Wannan "ƙarfin tushe na haske" yana kunna transistor, yana barin mafi girman ƙarfin tarin ya gudana daga V_CCzuwa filin fitarwa, an ja ƙasa ta transistor. Lokacin da ƙarfin shigarwa ya kasance sifili, LED ya kashe, babu haske da ya bugi transistor, kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa a yanayin kashewa, yana barin filin fitarwa ya ja sama ta resistor na waje. Maɓalli don babban sauri a cikin wannan jerin shine haɗin daban don photodiode na ciki wanda ke ciyar da tushen transistor, wanda ke rage ƙarfin Miller wanda yawanci yana rage saurin phototransistors.

9. Bayanan Kunshi da Oda

Na'urorin suna bin tsarin lambar sashi na musamman:6N13XY(Z)-VkoEL450XY(Z)-V.

• X: Mai gano lambar sashi (5 ko 6 don jerin 6N; 2 ko 3 don jerin EL450).
• Y: Zaɓin siffar gubar.
  • Babu: Daidaitaccen DIP-8 (tazarar layi 0.3"), an cika shi cikin bututu na raka'a 45.
  • M: Faɗin lanƙwasa gubar (tazara 0.4"), an cika shi cikin bututu na raka'a 45.
  • S: Siffar gubar hawa sama.
• Z: Zaɓin tef da reel (misali, TA). Ana amfani da shi tare da zaɓin 'S' don sassan SMD, yawanci raka'a 1000 a kowace reel.
• V: Ƙarin kari wanda ke nuna an haɗa amincewar VDE.