Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
- 1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi
- 2. Zurfin Bincike na Ma'auni na Fasaha
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar
- 2.2 Halayen Wutar Lantarki & Canja wuri
- 2.3 Halayen Sauya
- 3. Tsarin Pin da Bambance-bambancen Aiki
- 4. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
- 4.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
- 4.2 Abubuwan Tunani da Bayanan Kula na Zane
- 5. Bayanan Marufi da Oda
- 6. Kwatancen Fasaha da Tambayoyin da Ake Yi Akai-akai
- 6.1 Bambance-bambance Tsakanin Samfura
- 6.2 Tambayoyin da Ake Yi Akai-akai Dangane da Ma'auni
- 7. Ka'idar Aiki
1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
ELW135, ELW136, da ELW4503 su ne masu tsaurin jiki masu sauri na fitowa transistor (optoisolators) da aka tsara don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ware siginar cikin sauri. Kowane na'ura ya haɗa diode mai fitar da hasken infrared wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar haske zuwa transistor mai gano haske mai sauri. Wani muhimmin fasalin gine-gine shine keɓantaccen haɗin da aka bayar don bias na photodiode da tarin transistor na fitowa. Wannan zane yana haɓaka saurin sauyawa sosai ta hanyar rage capacitance na tushe-tarin transistor na shigarwa, yana ba da aiki da yawa fiye da na al'ada na masu haɗin phototransistor. Ana ajiye na'urorin a cikin fakitin Dual In-line (DIP) mai 8-pin tare da jiki mai faɗi, ana samun su a cikin zaɓuɓɓukan ta hanyar rami (faɗin tazarar jagora) da na'urar da ake hawa a saman (SMD).
1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi
Babban fa'idar wannan dangin samfur shine haɗuwa da sauri (1 Mbit/s na ƙimar bayanai) da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi (5000 Vrms). Wannan ya sa su dace don maye gurbin masu haɗin phototransistor masu sauri a cikin tsarin dijital na zamani. An tsara su don yin aiki cikin aminci a cikin kewayon zafin jiki mai faɗi daga -55°C zuwa +100°C, tare da tabbataccen aiki daga 0°C zuwa 70°C. Muhimman aikace-aikacen da ake nufi sun haɗa da masu karɓar layi a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa, warewa don transistors na wutar lantarki a cikin da'irori na tuƙi na mota, madaukai na amsawa a cikin wutar lantarki mai sauyawa (SMPS), warewar ƙasa na dabaru mai sauri, kayan aikin sadarwa, da kayan amfani na gida daban-daban. Na'urorin sun yi daidai da umarnin marasa gubar da RoHS kuma suna da izini daga manyan hukumomin aminci na duniya ciki har da UL, cUL, VDE, SEMKO, NEMKO, DEMKO, da FIMKO.
2. Zurfin Bincike na Ma'auni na Fasaha
Wannan sashe yana ba da bincike na haƙiƙa na ma'auni na lantarki da aiki da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardar bayanai.
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar
Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar yana ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'ura na iya faruwa. Waɗannan ba yanayin aiki ba ne.
- Shigarwa (LED):Matsakaicin ci gaba na yanzu (IF) an ƙididdige shi a 25 mA. Don aikin bugun jini, ana ba da izinin kololuwar ci gaba na yanzu (IFP) na 50 mA a 50% na aikin aiki da faɗin bugun jini na 1ms. Babban kololuwar wucin gadi na yanzu (IFtrans) na 1A yana halatta don gajerun bugun jini sosai (≤1μs) a ƙananan mitoci (300 pps), mai amfani don gwajin jurewa. Matsakaicin juzu'in ƙarfin lantarki (VR) a kan LED shine 5V.
- Fitowa (Phototransistor):Ga ELW135/136, juzu'in ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa-tushe (VEBR) shine 5V, kuma yanzu na tushe (IB) yana iyakance zuwa 5 mA—mai dacewa idan ana amfani da pin ɗin tushe a waje. Matsakaicin fitarwa na yanzu (IO(AVG)) shine 8 mA, tare da kololuwa (IO(PK)) na 16 mA. Ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa (VO) zai iya jujjuyawa daga -0.5V zuwa +20V dangane da ƙasan fitarwa.
- Tsarin:Ƙarfin lantarki na wadata (VCC) don gefen fitarwa zai iya kewayo daga -0.5V zuwa +30V. Ƙarfin lantarki na warewa (VISO) shine 5000 Vrmsana amfani da shi na minti ɗaya tsakanin gefen shigarwa da fitarwa (pins 1-4 an gajarta da pins 5-8 an gajarta). Ana iya siyar da na'urar a 260°C har zuwa dakika 10.
2.2 Halayen Wutar Lantarki & Canja wuri
Waɗannan ma'auni an tabbatar da su a cikin kewayon zafin jiki na aiki (0°C zuwa 70°C) sai dai idan an lura, tare da ƙimar al'ada da aka bayar a 25°C.
- Shigarwa LED:Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) yawanci 1.45V ne a IF=16mA, tare da matsakaicin 1.8V. Yana da ƙimar zafin jiki mara kyau kusan -1.9 mV/°C.
- Fitarwa Yanzu na Duhu:Matsakaicin fitarwa na yanzu na dabaru (IOH), da gaske shine ɓarna ko yanzu na "duhu" na phototransistor, yana da ƙasa sosai (matsakaicin 1 µA a VCC=15V, 25°C), yana tabbatar da kyakkyawar warewa na OFF-state.
- Yanzu na Wadata:Matsakaicin yanzu na wadata na dabaru (ICCL) yawanci 110 µA ne lokacin da LED ke kan (IF=16mA), yayin da matsakaicin yanzu na wadata na dabaru (ICCH) yawanci 0.01 µA ne lokacin da LED ya kashe.
- Matsakaicin Canja wuri na Yanzu (CTR):Wannan ma'auni ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke ayyana ingancin optocoupler. ELW135 yana da kewayon CTR na 7% zuwa 50% (ƙananan zuwa matsakaici), yayin da ELW136 da ELW4503 suna da kewayon 19% zuwa 50%. Yanayin gwaji shine IF=16mA, VO=0.4V, VCC=4.5V a 25°C. Takardar bayanai kuma ta ƙayyade ƙananan ƙimar CTR a 5% don ELW135 da 15% don ELW136/ELW4503 a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban (VO=0.5V), wanda yake da mahimmanci don gefen zane.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Fitarwa Ƙananan Dabaru (VOL):Wannan yana ƙayyade ƙarfin lantarki na jikewa na transistor na fitowa. Ga ELW135 tare da IO=1.1mA, VOLyawanci 0.18V ne (matsakaicin 0.4V). Ga ELW136/ELW4503 tare da IO=3mA, VOLyawanci 0.25V ne (matsakaicin 0.4V). Waɗannan ƙananan ƙimar suna da mahimmanci don cimma kyakkyawan gefen amo a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na dabaru na dijital.
2.3 Halayen Sauya
Ana auna aikin sauyawa tare da IF=16mA da VCC=5V. Ƙimar resistor na kaya (RL) ya bambanta tsakanin samfura don dacewa da CTR da ikon tuƙi na fitowa.
- Jinkirin Yaduwa:
- ELW135:Lokacin jinkirin yaduwa zuwa ƙananan dabaru (tPHL) yawanci 0.36 µs ne (matsakaicin 2.0 µs) tare da RL=4.1 kΩ. Lokacin jinkirin yaduwa zuwa babban dabaru (tPLH) yawanci 0.45 µs ne (matsakaicin 2.0 µs).
- ELW136 / ELW4503:Waɗannan bambance-bambancen masu sauri suna da tPHLyawanci 0.32 µs (matsakaicin 1.0 µs) da tPLHyawanci 0.25 µs (matsakaicin 1.0 µs) tare da RL=1.9 kΩ.
- Rigakafin Canjin Yanayi na Gama-gari (CMTI):Wannan yana auna ikon na'urar don ƙi saurin canjin ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin ƙasan shigarwa da fitarwa. An ƙayyade shi a cikin V/µs.
- ELW135/136:Dukansu suna da mafi ƙarancin CMTI na 1000 V/µs don duka yanayin fitarwa na babba da ƙasa, an gwada su tare da bugun jini na gama-gari na 10Vp-p.
- ELW4503:Wannan samfurin yana ba da mafi girman rigakafin amo tare da mafi ƙarancin CMTI na 15,000 V/µs, an gwada shi tare da mafi girma 1500Vp-pbugun jini. Wannan ya sa ya dace musamman don wuraren da ke da amo mai yawa kamar tuƙin mota.
3. Tsarin Pin da Bambance-bambancen Aiki
Fakitin DIP mai 8-pin yana da daidaitaccen pinout tare da bambancin maɓalli tsakanin nau'ikan na'ura.
- Pins 1 & 4:Babu Haɗi (NC) akan duk samfura.
- Pins 2 & 3:Anode da Cathode na LED na shigarwa, bi da bi.
- Pin 5:Ƙasa (GND) don gefen fitarwa.
- Pin 6:Ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa (VOUT), mai tara phototransistor.
- Pin 7:Wannan pin ya bambanta. DonELW135 da ELW136, shine ƙarfin lantarki na bias na photodiode (VB). Haɗa wannan pin yana da mahimmanci don cimma aikin sauri. GaELW4503, Pin 7 shine Babu Haɗi (NC). Mai yiwuwa ana sarrafa saurin biasing a ciki a cikin ELW4503.
- Pin 8:Ƙarfin lantarki na wadata (VCC) don gefen fitarwa.
Zane-zanen ciki yana nuna haɗin ciki: photodiode (wanda ke tuƙi tushen transistor) an haɗa shi tsakanin Pin 7 (VB) da Pin 6 (VOUT/Mai Taro). Mai fitar da phototransistor an haɗa shi zuwa Pin 5 (GND).
4. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
4.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
Waɗannan masu haɗin hoto sun dace don ware siginar dijital. Da'irar al'ada ta ƙunshi haɗa LED na shigarwa a jere tare da resistor mai iyakance yanzu zuwa fitarwar microcontroller ko ƙofar dabaru. A gefen fitarwa, resistor na ja sama (RL) an haɗa shi tsakanin VCC(Pin 8) da VOUT(Pin 6). Dole ne a zaɓi ƙimar RLdangane da saurin sauyawa da ake so, fitarwa na yanzu, da CTR na na'ura, kamar yadda aka ƙayyade a cikin tebur na takardar bayanai (misali, 4.1 kΩ don ELW135, 1.9 kΩ don ELW136/4503 don gwaje-gwajen sauyawa). Ga ELW135/136, Pin 7 (VB) dole ne a haɗa shi, sau da yawa zuwa VCCta hanyar resistor ko kai tsaye, dangane da bias da ake so don sauri da hankali.
4.2 Abubuwan Tunani da Bayanan Kula na Zane
- Sauri vs. Musayar CTR:Keɓantaccen haɗin tushe (Pin 7) yana ba da damar musayar wasu CTR don mafi girma sauri ta hanyar daidaita bias na photodiode. An ba da ƙayyadaddun sauyawa na takardar bayanai don takamaiman yanayi.
- Zaɓin Samfur:Zaɓi ELW135 don aikace-aikacen gama-gari, masu hankali ga farashi na 1Mbit/s. ELW136 yana ba da mafi ƙarancin CTR don mafi kyawun gefe a cikin zane-zanen da ke buƙatar ƙarin tuƙin fitarwa na yanzu. ELW4503 shine zaɓi na farko don wuraren da ke da amo mai yawa na lantarki (misali, sarrafa mota na masana'antu, masu jujjuya wutar lantarki) saboda kyakkyawan ƙimar CMTI na 15,000+ V/µs.
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki:Tabbatar cewa wutar lantarki na shigarwa (IF* VF) bai wuce 45 mW ba kuma fitarwar wutar lantarki bai wuce 100 mW ba, la'akari da zafin yanayi.
- Shimfidawa don Warewa:Don kiyaye babban ƙimar warewa, tabbatar da isasshen nisa na creepage da sharewa akan PCB tsakanin alamun gefen shigarwa (pins 1-4) da alamun gefen fitarwa (pins 5-8). Sau da yawa ana ba da shawarar rami ko shinge a cikin PCB ƙarƙashin na'urar.
5. Bayanan Marufi da Oda
Ana samun na'urorin a cikin zaɓuɓɓukan marufi daban-daban waɗanda aka nuna ta hanyar ƙari a cikin lambar sashi.
Tsarin Lambar Sashi:ELW13XY(Z)-Vko ELW4503Y(Z)-V
- X= mai gano lambar sashi (5 don ELW135, 6 don ELW136).
- Y= zaɓin siffar jagora: 'S' don siffar jagora mai hawa a saman, fanko don daidaitaccen DIP.
- Z= zaɓin tef da reel: 'TA' ko 'TB', fanko don marufi na bututu.
- V= alamar izini na VDE na zaɓi.
Adadin Marufi:Ana samar da daidaitattun fakitin DIP-8 a cikin bututu mai ɗauke da raka'a 40. Ana samar da zaɓin hawa a saman tare da tef da reel ('S(TA)') a cikin reels mai ɗauke da raka'a 500.
6. Kwatancen Fasaha da Tambayoyin da Ake Yi Akai-akai
6.1 Bambance-bambance Tsakanin Samfura
Mahimman bambance-bambance sune Matsakaicin Canja wuri na Yanzu (CTR) da Rigakafin Canjin Yanayi na Gama-gari (CMTI). ELW135 yana da mafi ƙarancin tabbataccen CTR (7-50%), ELW136 yana da mafi ƙarancin CTR (19-50%), kuma ELW4503 ya dace da CTR na ELW136 amma ya ƙara ƙimar CMTI mafi girma (>15 kV/µs vs. 1 kV/µs). ELW4503 kuma yana da Pin 7 a matsayin NC, yana sauƙaƙe da'irar waje idan aka kwatanta da ELW135/136 waɗanda ke buƙatar haɗi zuwa Pin 7.
6.2 Tambayoyin da Ake Yi Akai-akai Dangane da Ma'auni
- Q: Menene matsakaicin ƙimar bayanai da za a iya samu?A: An siffanta na'urorin don aikin 1 Mbit/s dangane da ƙayyadaddun jinkirin yaduwa. Ainihin matsakaicin ƙimar ya dogara da takamaiman zanen da'ira, gami da RLda yanayin tuƙi na shigarwa.
- Q: Zan iya amfani da V na 3.3VCC?A: An gwada halayen lantarki tare da VCC=4.5V da 5V. Yayin da Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar ke ba da izinin zuwa -0.5V, aiki a 3.3V na iya yiwuwa amma aiki (kamar VOLda lokutan sauyawa) yakamata a tabbatar da su a ƙarƙashin ainihin ƙananan VCCyanayi, saboda ba a cikakken siffanta shi a cikin takardar bayanai da aka bayar.
- Q: Me yasa Pin 7 (VB) yake da mahimmanci ga ELW135/136?A: Haɗa Pin 7 yana ba da hanyar ƙarancin ƙarfi don share caji daga haɗin photodiode/tushe, yana rage tasirin capacitance na Miller sosai kuma yana ba da damar saurin sauyawa. Barin shi ba a haɗa shi ba zai haifar da aiki mai kama da na'urar haɗin phototransistor na al'ada mai sauri.
- Q: Ta yaya zan tabbatar da 5000Vrmswarewa a cikin zanena?A: Kashi na kansa an ƙididdige shi don wannan. Dole ne mai zanen tsarin ya tabbatar cewa shimfidawar PCB tana kiyaye isasshen creepage/sharewa (misali, >8mm don ƙarfafa keɓewa a wannan matakin ƙarfin lantarki bisa ka'idojin aminci) tsakanin duk da'irorin shigarwa da fitarwa, gami da ƙarƙashin jikin kashi.
7. Ka'idar Aiki
Ka'idar asali ita ce warewar haske. Siginar lantarki da aka yi amfani da ita ga LED na shigarwa yana sa shi fitar da hasken infrared. Wannan hasken yana ratsa shinge mai haske amma mai keɓe na lantarki (yawanci fili na gyare-gyare ko tazarar iska) a cikin fakitin. Ana gano hasken ta hanyar photodiode a gefen fitarwa, wanda ke haifar da photocurrent. A cikin waɗannan na'urori masu sauri, wannan photocurrent yana daidaita tushen transistor bipolar da aka haɗa kai tsaye. Maɓalli ga babban sauri shine keɓantaccen samun dama ga photodiode (Pin 7 akan ELW135/136), wanda ke ba da damar cajin/ɗaukar capacitance na photodiode cikin sauri, yana rage lokacin ajiya a cikin transistor don haka yana rage jinkirin yaduwa da lokutan tashi/faɗuwa.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |