Bayanin Fasaha na LED - Kunshin PLCC-2 - 1.6x0.8mm - Kalar Ice Blue - 650mcd @ 10mA - 3.0V - Nau'in Motoci - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun ƙayyadaddun fasaha na LED mai haske mai ƙarfi, mai hawa a saman, mai launin Ice Blue a cikin kunshin PLCC-2. An tsara shi da farko don aikace-aikacen hasken cikin mota masu ƙarfi, wannan ɓangaren ya haɗa aiki mai dogaro da bin ƙa'idodin masana'antu. LED ɗin yana da ƙaramin ƙafa na 1608 (1.6mm x 0.8mm), wanda ya sa ya dace da ƙirar da ke da ƙarancin sarari inda ake buƙatar haske mai ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali.

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da cancantar sa bisa madaidaicin ma'aunin AEC-Q101 na kayan motoci, yana tabbatar da dogaro a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai tsanani. Ya cika bin ka'idojin RoHS, REACH, da umarnin rashin halogen, yana magance ka'idojin muhalli da aminci na zamani. Tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin haske na millicandelas 650 (mcd) a daidaitaccen yanayin gudanar da na'urar na 10mA, yana ba da haske mai kyau ga girmansa.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Halayen Hoto da Lantarki

Mahimman sigogi na aiki suna ayyana aikin LED a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayi (T_s=25°C). Halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) yana da kewayon aiki da aka ba da shawarar na 2mA zuwa 20mA, tare da 10mA a matsayin yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun. A wannan halin yanzu, matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) shine 3.00V, tare da mafi ƙanƙanta da iyakar iyaka na 2.5V da 3.5V bi da bi, yana nuna sauye-sauyen da ake tsammani a cikin halayen semiconductor.

Fitarwar farko ta hoto tana ayyana ta hanyar ƙarfin haske (I_V), tare da ƙimar yau da kullun na 650 mcd a 10mA. Mafi ƙanƙanta da iyakar iyaka sune 330 mcd da 970 mcd, waɗanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da tsarin rarrabuwa da aka yi bayani daga baya. Tsarin fitar da haske yana da alaƙa da faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 (φ), yana ba da haske mai faɗi, daidai. Launi an ƙayyade shi ta hanyar daidaitattun ma'auni akan zane na CIE 1931, tare da ƙimar yau da kullun na x=0.20 da y=0.25, suna ayyana takamaiman inuwar Ice Blue.

2.2 Matsakaicin Matsakaici da Gudanar da Zafi

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin kuma ba don ci gaba da aiki ba ne. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba shine 20mA, kuma ɓarnar wutar lantarki (P_d) bai kamata ya wuce 70mW ba. Na'urar na iya jure halin yanzu na guguwa (I_FM) na 50mA don ƴan gajerun bugun jini (t≤10μs, zagayowar aiki 0.005).

Gudanar da zafi yana da mahimmanci ga tsawon rayuwar LED da kwanciyar hankali na aiki. Yanayin zafi na haɗin gwiwa (T_J) kada ya taɓa wuce 125°C. Yanayin aiki da adanawa an ƙayyade shi daga -40°C zuwa +110°C, yana tabbatar da dacewarsa ga yanayin mota. An ba da ƙimar juriya na zafi guda biyu: ainihin juriya na zafi (R_{thJS na gaske}) daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa wurin gyaɗa shine 160 K/W, yayin da ƙimar da aka samo ta hanyar lantarki (R_{thJS el}) shine 140 K/W. Waɗannan ƙimar suna da mahimmanci don ƙididdige hawan zafi yayin aiki bisa ga ɓarnar wutar lantarki.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa, ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa rukunin aiki. Wannan takardar bayanin ta yi cikakken bayani game da tsarin rarrabuwar ƙarfin haske.

3.1 Rukunin Ƙarfin Hasken

An rarraba ƙarfin haske zuwa ƙungiyoyi masu lakabi daga Q zuwa B. Kowace ƙungiya an ƙara raba ta zuwa ƙananan rukunoni uku: X, Y, da Z, suna wakiltar ƙananan, matsakaici, da ƙarfin haske a cikin wannan rukunin, bi da bi. Misali, Rukunin V ya ƙunshi ƙarfin haske daga 710 mcd zuwa 1120 mcd. Ƙananan rukunin VX shine 710-820 mcd, VY shine 820-970 mcd, kuma VZ shine 970-1120 mcd. Matsakaicin ƙimar 650 mcd ya faɗo a cikin rukunin UY (520-610 mcd) ko ƙananan ƙarshen rukunin VX, yana nuna cewa lambar ɓangaren tana da alaƙa da takamaiman lambar rukunin. Wannan tsarin yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar daidaitaccen matakin haske da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacensu, yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani a cikin raka'a da yawa.

4. Binciken Lankwasa na Aiki

4.1 Lankwasa IV da Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken

Jadawalin Halin Yanzu na Gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba yana nuna alaƙar alaƙa ta al'ada na diode. Lankwasa yana ba masu ƙira damar ƙayyade ƙarfin lantarki da ake buƙata don wani halin yanzu da ake so, wanda yake da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irori masu iyakance halin yanzu. Jadawalin Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken da Halin Yanzu na Gaba yana nuna cewa fitar da haske yana kusan layi daya tare da halin yanzu a cikin ƙananan kewayon amma yana iya nuna alamun raguwar inganci (ƙarin haɓaka ƙasa da layi) yayin da halin yanzu ya kusanci matsakaicin ƙima, yana jaddada mahimmancin aiki a cikin kewayon da aka ba da shawarar.

4.2 Dogaro da Yanayin Zafi da Kwanciyar Hankan Launi

Jadawalin Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken da Yanayin Zafi na Haɗin gwiwa yana da mahimmanci ga ƙirar zafi. Yana nuna cewa fitar da haske yana raguwa yayin da yanayin zafi na haɗin gwiwa ya ƙaru. Misali, a 100°C, ƙarfin haske na iya raguwa zuwa kusan kashi 80-90% na ƙimarsa a 25°C. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke da yanayin zafi mai girma ko rashin kyawun zafi.

Jadawalin Canjin Daidaitattun Ma'auni na Launi da Yanayin Zafi na Haɗin gwiwa yana nuna yadda launin da ake gani ke canzawa tare da zafin jiki. Launi mai kwanciyar hankali akan zafin jiki yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen inda daidaiton launi ke da mahimmanci. Hakazalika, Jadawalin Dangantakar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Yanayin Zafi na Haɗin gwiwa yana nuna ƙimar zafi mara kyau, inda V_Fyana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi, wanda za'a iya amfani da shi a wasu da'irori masu hankali na zafin jiki.

4.3 Rarraba Spectral da Tsarin Radiation

Jadawalin Halayen Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon 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5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

5.1 Girman Kunshin da Polarity

LED ɗin yana amfani da kunshin PLCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier) mai hawa a saman tare da ƙafar metric 1608 (tsawon 1.6mm x faɗin 0.8mm). Zanen injiniya (wanda aka ambata a cikin abubuwan) zai ba da daidaitattun girma don tsawon jiki, tazarar jagora, da juriya. Kunshin PLCC-2 yawanci yana da jagora biyu a ɓangarorin gaba da baya. Gano polarity daidai yana da mahimmanci. Takardar bayanin ya kamata ta nuna alamar cathode, wanda sau da yawa yana da kore, tsaga, sashen kusurwa, ko gajeren jagora a jikin kunshin. Haɗa LED a cikin karkatar da baya na iya lalata shi, saboda ba a tsara shi don aikin baya ba (V_Rba a ƙayyade ƙimar ba).

5.2 Tsarin Gyaɗa da aka Ba da Shaw

A recommended land pattern (solder pad design) for PCB layout is provided to ensure reliable solder joint formation during reflow soldering. This pattern is typically slightly larger than the component's leads to facilitate good solder wetting and fillet formation while preventing solder bridging. Adhering to this recommendation is important for mechanical strength and thermal transfer from the LED to the PCB, which acts as a heat sink.

. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines

.1 Reflow Soldering Profile

The component is rated for a maximum soldering temperature of 260°C for 30 seconds. This refers to the peak temperature measured on the package body or leads during a standard reflow process. A typical reflow profile graph would show the temperature ramp-up, preheat, soak, reflow (with peak temperature), and cooling stages. It is crucial to follow this profile to avoid thermal shock, which can crack the epoxy lens or damage the internal die and wire bonds. The Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) is rated 2a, meaning the component can be stored for up to 4 weeks at ≤30°C/60% RH before requiring baking prior to reflow.

. Packaging and Ordering Information

The part number-IB0100M-AMfollows a logical structure:1608indicates the package size,IBstands for Ice Blue color,Mlikely relates to the intensity bin or specific performance grade, andAMmay denote automotive grade or a specific version. Ordering information would detail available packaging options, such as tape-and-reel quantities (e.g., 4000 pieces per reel), reel dimensions, and orientation within the tape. Proper handling of ESD-sensitive devices (rated up to 2kV HBM) is emphasized during all assembly stages.

. Application Suggestions

.1 Primary Application: Automotive Interior Lighting

The explicit application listed is Automotive Interior Lighting. This includes dashboard backlighting, button illumination, footwell lights, door panel lights, and ambient lighting. The AEC-Q101 qualification, wide operating temperature range (-40°C to +110°C), and high reliability make it specifically suited for the rigorous demands of the automotive industry, where components must withstand vibration, thermal cycling, and long operational lifetimes.

.2 Design Considerations and Circuit Protection

When designing a driver circuit, always use a constant current source or a current-limiting resistor in series with the LED to prevent thermal runaway, as the forward voltage has a negative temperature coefficient. Calculate the resistor value using R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F. Ensure the power dissipation (V_F* I_F) does not exceed 70mW, considering the maximum V_Fand I_F. For thermal management, ensure adequate copper area on the PCB under and around the LED's solder pads to act as a heat sink, keeping the junction temperature as low as possible to maintain brightness and longevity. Consider the forward current derating curve, which shows the maximum permissible continuous current must be reduced as the solder pad temperature increases.

. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

Compared to standard commercial-grade LEDs, this component's key differentiators are itsAEC-Q101 qualificationand extended temperature range, which are non-negotiable for automotive applications. Compared to other automotive LEDs, itsPLCC-2 package with a 1608 footprintoffers a compact yet robust solution. Thetypical 650mcd output at 10mAprovides high efficiency, potentially allowing for lower drive currents to achieve the same brightness as competitors, thereby reducing power consumption and thermal load. The comprehensive binning structure offers designers tighter control over brightness consistency in their products.

. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Parameters)

Q: What is the main purpose of the luminous intensity binning?

A: Binning ensures color and brightness consistency in mass production. By selecting LEDs from the same bin, manufacturers can guarantee uniform appearance across all units in a product, which is especially critical in multi-LED arrays for automotive interiors.

Q: Can I drive this LED with a 3.3V supply without a resistor?

A: No. The typical V_Fis 3.0V, but it can be as low as 2.5V. Connecting 3.3V directly could force a current exceeding the absolute maximum rating, potentially destroying the LED instantly. Always use a current-limiting mechanism.

Q: Is this LED suitable for exterior automotive applications like tail lights?

A> While robust, the primary listed application is interior lighting. Exterior lights often have different requirements for luminous flux, color coordinates, and encapsulation for weather resistance. Always consult the application notes or manufacturer for exterior use suitability.

Q: How does the 120° viewing angle affect the design?

A: A wide viewing angle is ideal for area illumination and applications where the LED might be viewed from off-axis angles (e.g., dashboard icons). If a more focused beam is needed, secondary optics (lenses) would be required.

. Practical Design and Usage Case

Case: Designing an Ambient Footwell Light for a Vehicle.A designer needs to illuminate the driver and passenger footwells with a soft Ice Blue glow. They plan to use two LEDs per footwell. Based on the binning table, they select LEDs from bin VY (820-970 mcd) to ensure sufficient but not excessive brightness. They design a circuit powered from the vehicle's 12V system. Using the typical V_Fof 3.0V and targeting I_Fof 10mA for long life, they calculate a series resistor: R = (12V - 3.0V) / 0.01A = 900 Ohms. A standard 910 Ohm resistor is chosen. They lay out the PCB with generous copper pours connected to the LED pads to dissipate heat, ensuring the solder pad temperature stays below 70°C to allow full 20mA capability if future adjustments are needed. They follow the recommended reflow profile during assembly to ensure reliability.

. Operating Principle Introduction

This is a semiconductor light-emitting diode (LED). Its core is a chip made of compound semiconductor materials (typically based on InGaN for blue/cyan colors). When a forward voltage exceeding the diode's threshold is applied, electrons and holes are injected into the active region of the semiconductor from opposite sides. When these charge carriers recombine, they release energy in the form of photons (light). The specific wavelength (color) of the emitted light is determined by the bandgap energy of the semiconductor material. The epoxy lens of the PLCC package encapsulates the chip, provides mechanical protection, and shapes the light output beam (achieving the 120° viewing angle). The internal structure includes a reflective cup to direct light upward and a bond wire for electrical connection.

. Technology Trends and Developments

The trend in automotive LED lighting is towards higher efficiency (more lumens per watt), which reduces electrical load and heat generation. This allows for brighter displays or lower energy consumption. There is also a drive for miniaturization, with packages shrinking further while maintaining or increasing light output. Enhanced reliability and longer lifetimes under high-temperature operation continue to be critical research areas. Furthermore, integration is a key trend, with LED packages incorporating driver ICs, sensors, or multiple color chips (RGB) into single modules for smart lighting systems. The move towards standardized color bins and tighter tolerances ensures consistency for automotive manufacturers using parts from multiple suppliers.