HSDL-4261 Mai Fitowar IR - Bayanin Fasaha - Tsawon Ra'ayi 870nm - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 1.4V - Ragewar Wutar Lantarki 190mW - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

HSDL-4261 wani kayan aiki ne mai fitar da infrared wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar saurin watsa bayanai ta hanyar gani. Yana amfani da fasahar LED ta AlGaAs (Aluminum Gallium Arsenide) don samar da hasken infrared a tsayin ra'ayi na 870 nanometers. Wannan na'urar tana da saurin canzawa, wanda ya sa ta dace da hanyoyin sadarwa na dijital.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

• Aiki Mai Sauri:Yana da lokacin tashi da faɗuwar gani na 15 nanoseconds, yana ba da damar watsa bayanai a aikace-aikacen da ke da babban bandwidth.
• Ƙarfin Gani Mai Ƙarfi:Yana ba da ƙarfin haske mai ƙarfi, yana ba da sigina mai ƙarfi don ingantacciyar sadarwar infrared.
• Yana Bin Ka'idodin RoHS:An kera shi a matsayin samfuri mara gubar, yana bin ƙa'idodin muhalli.
• Kunshin Bayyananne:An ajiye shi a cikin kunshin launi mai bayyanawa wanda baya tace hasken infrared da ake fitarwa.

1.2 Aikace-aikacen Da Ake Nufi

• Kayan Aikin Infrared na Masana'antu
• Kayan Aikin Infrared Na Hannu
• Kayan Lantarki Na Masu Amfani (misali, linzamin kwamfuta na gani)
• Sadarwar Infrared Mai Sauri (misali, IR LANs, modems, dongles)

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi Na Sigogi Na Fasaha

Duk ƙayyadaddun bayanai an ayyana su a yanayin zafin muhalli (TA) na 25°C sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka.

2.1 Matsakaicin Ma'auni Na Gabaɗaya

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.

• Ci Gaba Na Halin Yanzu Na Gaba (IFDC):Matsakaicin 100 mA.
• Kololuwar Halin Yanzu Na Gaba (IFPK):Matsakaicin 500 mA, a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (Duty Factor=20%, Pulse Width=100µs).
• Ragewar Wutar Lantarki (PDISS):Matsakaicin 190 mW. Dole ne a rage shi tare da ƙara yawan zafin muhalli kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin lanƙwasa halaye.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Na Baya (VR):Matsakaicin 5 V.
• Kewayon Zafin Ajiya (TS):-40°C zuwa +100°C.
• Kewayon Zafin Aiki (TO):-40°C zuwa +85°C.
• Zafin Haɗin gwiwa (TJ):Matsakaicin 110°C.
• Zafin Solder Na Jagora:260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5, tare da ƙarshen ƙarfe ba ya kusa da 1.6mm daga jikin kunshin.

2.2 Halaye Na Lantarki & Na Gani

Waɗannan su ne matsakaicin sigogi na aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji.

• Ƙarfin Gani Mai Haske (Po):Yawanci 9 mW a IF=20mA da 45 mW a IF=100mA.
• Ƙarfin Gani A Kan Axis (IE):Yawanci 36 mW/sr a IF=20mA da 180 mW/sr a IF=100mA.
• Tsayin Ra'ayi Na Kololuwar Fitowa (λPeak):Yawanci 870 nm (kewayon: 850 nm zuwa 890 nm) a IF=20mA.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):Kimanin 47 nm a IF=20mA.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Na Gaba (Vf):Yawanci 1.4 V a IF=20mA da 1.7 V a IF=100mA.
• Coefficient Na Zafin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Na Gaba (△V/△T):Kimanin -1.5 mV/°C a IF=20mA.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Yawanci digiri 26, yana ayyana faɗuwar kusurwar radiation da ake fitarwa.
• Coefficient Na Zafin Ƙarfi (△IE/△T):Kimanin -0.22 %/°C a IF=100mA, yana nuna raguwar fitarwa tare da hawan zafin jiki.
• Coefficient Na Zafin Tsawon Ra'ayi (△λ/△T):Kimanin +0.18 nm/°C a IF=20mA.
• Lokacin Tashi/Faɗuwar Gani (Tr/Tf):Yawanci 15 ns, an auna daga 10% zuwa 90% na fitarwar gani.
• Juriya Na Jerin (RS):Yawanci 4.1 Ohms a IF=100mA.
• Ƙarfin Diode (CO):Yawanci 80 pF a 0V bias da 1 MHz.
• Juriya Na Zafi (RθJA):Yawanci 280 °C/W daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa muhalli ta hanyar fil.

3. Bincike Na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Bayanin bayanin yana ba da jadawali da yawa da ke kwatanta mahimman alaƙa.

3.1 Halin Yanzu Na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Gani Mai Dangantaka

Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna cewa ƙarfin fitarwar gani yana ƙaruwa da sauri tare da halin yanzu na gaba, musamman a manyan halin yanzu. Yana nuna mahimmancin tuƙi na halin yanzu don cimma haske da ake so.

3.2 Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Na Gaba vs. Halin Yanzu Na Gaba

Lanƙwasa halayen IV yana nuna alaƙar alaƙa ta yau da kullun don diode. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba yana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu kuma yana dogara da zafin jiki.

3.3 Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Na Gaba vs. Zafin Muhalli

Wannan jadawali yana nuna coefficient mara kyau na zafin jiki na ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba. A halin yanzu mai tsayi, Vf yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ke ƙaruwa, wannan shine mahimmin la'akari don da'irori na tuƙi na ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai tsayi.

3.4 Ragewar Halin Yanzu Na Gaba DC vs. Zafin Muhalli

Wannan jadawali ne mai mahimmanci don amintacce. Yana ayyana matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba na yau da kullun da za a iya yarda da shi a matsayin aikin zafin muhalli. Yayin da zafin jiki ke tashi, dole ne a rage matsakaicin halin yanzu da aka yarda don hana zafin haɗin gwiwa ya wuce iyakarsa na 110°C. Misali, a 85°C, matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC ya yi ƙasa sosai fiye da a 25°C.

3.5 Tsarin Radiation

Zanen polar yana kwatanta rarraba sararin samaniya na hasken infrared da ake fitarwa. HSDL-4261 yana da kusurwar dubawa ta yau da kullun na digiri 26 (cikakken faɗi a rabin matsakaici), yana haifar da katako mai daidaitawa wanda ya dace da hanyoyin sadarwa da aka jagoranta.

4. Bayanin Injiniya & Kunshin

4.1 Girman Bayyanawa

Na'urar ita ce kunshin LED na yau da kullun ta hanyar rami. Manyan girma sun haɗa da tazarar jagora, diamita na jiki, da tsayin gabaɗaya. An tsara jagororin don zama a maki aƙalla 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau. An ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin fitowar guduro a ƙarƙashin flange. Duk ƙayyadaddun girman yawanci ±0.25mm sai dai idan an lura akasin haka.

4.2 Gano Polarity

Bangaren yana amfani da alamar polarity na LED na yau da kullun. Dogon jagora yawanci yana nuna anode (haɗin tabbatacce), yayin da ɗan gajeren jagora shine cathode (haɗin mara kyau). Dole ne a tabbatar da wannan yayin haɗawa don tabbatar da aikin daidai.

5. Jagororin Solder & Haɗawa

5.1 Yanayin Ajiya

Don ajiya na dogon lokaci, muhalli bai kamata ya wuce 30°C ko 70% zafi ba. Idan an cire shi daga ainihin jakar shinge na danshi, ya kamata a yi amfani da abubuwan cikin watanni uku. Don tsawaita ajiya a waje da ainihin kunshin, yi amfani da akwati mai rufewa tare da busassun abu ko busassun abu mai cike da nitrogen.

5.2 Tsaftacewa

Idan tsaftacewa ya zama dole, yi amfani da kaushi na barasa kawai kamar isopropyl alcohol. Ya kamata a guji sinadarai masu tsauri.

5.3 Samuwar Jagora

Dole ne a yi lanƙwasa a zafin ɗaki kuma kafin solder. Ya kamata a yi lanƙwasa aƙalla 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau na LED. Kada a yi amfani da jikin kunshin a matsayin fulcrum yayin lanƙwasa don guje wa lalata haɗin gwiwar ciki ko haɗin waya.

5.4 Sigogi Na Solder

Solder Na Hannu (Ƙarfe):Matsakaicin zafin jiki 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5 kowace jagora. Dole ne ƙarshen ƙarfe ya zama ba ya kusa da 1.6mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau na epoxy.

Solder Wave:Yi pre-heat zuwa matsakaicin 100°C har zuwa dakika 60. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na solder wave ya kamata ya zama matsakaicin 260°C tare da lokacin tuntuɓar dakika 5. Kada a tsoma na'urar ƙasa da 2mm daga gindin kwararan fitila na epoxy.

Mahimmanci:Dole ne a guji tsoma ruwan tabarau cikin solder. Solder reflow IR bai dace da wannan nau'in kunshin ta hanyar rami ba. Yawan zafin jiki ko lokaci na iya haifar da nakasar ruwan tabarau ko gazawar bala'i.

6. La'akari Da Zane Na Aikace-aikace

6.1 Zane Na Da'irar Tuƙi

LEDs na'urori ne masu aiki da halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin tuƙi da yawa LEDs a layi daya, ana ƙarfafa ba da shawarar yin amfani da resistor na iyakance halin yanzu na mutum a cikin jerin tare da kowane LED. Haɗa LEDs kai tsaye a layi daya ba tare da resistors na mutum ba ba a ba da shawara ba saboda bambance-bambance a cikin halayen ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (Vf), wanda zai iya haifar da rashin daidaita halin yanzu da rashin daidaiton haske.

6.2 Gudanar Da Zafi

Ganin juriya na zafi (RθJA) na 280°C/W, dole ne a sarrafa ragewar wutar lantarki a hankali. Aiki a matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba (100mA) tare da matsakaicin Vf na 1.7V yana haifar da ragewar wutar lantarki na 170mW. Wannan zai haifar da hawan zafin haɗin gwiwa na kusan 47.6°C sama da muhalli (170mW * 280°C/W). A muhalli na 85°C, haɗin gwiwa zai kai 132.6°C, ya wuce matsakaicin ma'auni na 110°C. Saboda haka, dole ne a bi lanƙwasa ragewa a cikin Hoto na 6 sosai.

6.3 Kariya Daga Zubar Da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)

Wannan bangaren yana da saukin lalacewa daga zubar da wutar lantarki. Ƙwararrun hanyoyin sarrafawa da aka ba da shawarar sun haɗa da:

- Yin amfani da bel ɗin wuyan hannu mai ƙasa ko safofin hannu masu hana tashin hankali.

- Tabbatar duk kayan aiki, wuraren aiki, da rack ɗin ajiya suna da ƙasa daidai.

- Yin amfani da ionizer don kawar da cajin tsaye wanda zai iya taruwa akan ruwan tabarau na filastik yayin sarrafawa.

6.4 Zane Na Gani

Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 26 da tsayin ra'ayi na 870nm ya kamata a dace da mai gano hoto mai dacewa (misali, photodiode na PIN tare da amsa bakan da ya dace). Don mafi kyawun kewayon da amincin sigina, yi la'akari da yin amfani da ruwan tabarau ko buɗaɗɗen buɗe ido don daidaitawa ko mayar da hankali kan katako, musamman a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa da aka jagoranta. Kunshin bayyananne yana ba da damar abubuwan gani na waje ba tare da tacewa na asali ba.

7. Kwatanta & Bambance-bambance Na Fasaha

HSDL-4261 yana kafa kansa a cikin kasuwar mai fitar da infrared ta hanyar haɗuwa na musamman na sigogi:

Sauri vs. Ƙarfi:Yana ba da daidaito tsakanin saurin canzawa (15ns) da ƙarfin fitarwar gani mai ƙarfi (45mW typ. a 100mA). Wasu masu fitarwa na iya zama mafi sauri tare da ƙarancin ƙarfi, ko mafi ƙarfin ƙarfi tare da amsa mai jinkiri.

Tsawon Ra'ayi:Tsayin ra'ayi na kololuwar 870nm shine ma'auni na gama gari don yawancin hanyoyin haɗin bayanai na infrared da tsarin sarrafa nesa, yana ba da daidaito mai kyau tsakanin hankalin mai gano hoto na silicon da ƙarancin hayaniyar hasken muhalli idan aka kwatanta da tsayin ra'ayi na bayyane ko kusa da bayyane.

Kunshin:Kunshin na yau da kullun ta hanyar rami ya sa ya dace duka don ƙirar ƙira da aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da solder wave, yana bambanta shi da madadin saman-mount wanda ke buƙatar hanyoyin reflow.

8. Tambayoyin Da Ake Yi Akai-akai (FAQs)

8.1 Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai tsayi?

Ba a ba da shawarar ba. Halayen I-V na LED yana nufin cewa ƙaramin canji a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana haifar da babban canji a cikin halin yanzu, wanda zai iya wuce matsakaicin ma'auni cikin sauƙi idan an tuƙa shi kai tsaye daga tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jerin ko direba na halin yanzu mai tsayi don saita wurin aiki.

8.2 Me yasa ƙarfin fitarwa yake raguwa tare da zafin jiki?

Coefficient mara kyau na zafin jiki na ƙarfin haske (-0.22%/°C) shine ainihin kaddarorin kayan semiconductor. Yayin da zafin jiki ke ƙaruwa, hanyoyin sake haɗawa marasa radiation a cikin semiconductor sun zama mafi rinjaye, suna rage ingancin samar da haske.

8.3 Menene manufar lanƙwasa ragewa?

Lanƙwasa ragewa (Fig. 6) yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da amintacce na dogon lokaci. Yana hana zafin haɗin gwiwar LED ya wuce matsakaicin ƙimar da aka ƙidaya (110°C) ta hanyar iyakance ragewar wutar lantarki (don haka halin yanzu na gaba) yayin da zafin muhalli ke ƙaruwa. Yin watsi da wannan lanƙwasa na iya haifar da lalacewa cikin sauri da gazawa.

8.4 Shin wannan LED ya dace da aiki na ci gaba?

Ee, amma a cikin iyakokin da Matsakaicin Ma'auni Na Gabaɗaya da lanƙwasa ragewa suka ayyana. Don aikin DC na ci gaba, halin yanzu na gaba bai kamata ya wuce 100mA a 25°C muhalli ba kuma dole ne a rage shi a manyan yanayin zafi kamar yadda Hoto na 6 ya nuna. Don aikin bugun jini tare da manyan halin yanzu na kololuwar, dole ne a bi ƙayyadaddun aikin aiki da faɗin bugun jini.

9. Misalin Aikace-aikace Na Aiki

Yanayi: Zana mai watsa bayanai na IR mai sauƙi don sadarwar jeri na ɗan gajeren zango.

1. Zane Na Da'ira:Yi amfani da fil ɗin GPIO na microcontroller don tuƙi LED. Sanya resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a cikin jerin tare da anode na LED. Lissafa ƙimar resistor ta amfani da R = (Vcc - Vf_LED) / I_desired. Don samar da 3.3V, halin yanzu da ake so na 50mA, da matsakaicin Vf na 1.5V: R = (3.3V - 1.5V) / 0.05A = 36 Ohms. Yi amfani da ƙimar da ta gaba (misali, 39 Ohms).

2. Binciken Zafi:Ragewar wutar lantarki a cikin LED: P = Vf * I = 1.5V * 0.05A = 75mW. Hawan zafin haɗin gwiwa: ΔTj = P * RθJA = 0.075W * 280°C/W = 21°C. A matsakaicin muhalli na 85°C, Tj = 106°C, wanda yake ƙasa da iyakar 110°C.

3. Software:Saita microcontroller don samar da modulation na dijital da ake so (misali, On-Off Keying) akan fil ɗin GPIO. Lokacin tashi/faɗuwar 15ns na LED yana ba da damar yawan adadin bayanai.

4. Shimfidawa:Kiyaye LED da resistor na jerinsa kusa da fil ɗin tuƙi don rage ƙaramin inductance. Tabbatar mai karɓa (photodiode) yana daidaitawa a cikin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 26 na mai fitarwa.

10. Ka'idar Aiki

HSDL-4261 diode ne na haɗin gwiwar p-n semiconductor wanda ya dogara da kayan AlGaAs. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba, electrons daga yankin n da ramuka daga yankin p ana shigar da su a kan haɗin gwiwa zuwa yankuna masu gaba. Waɗannan masu ɗaukar 'yan tsiraru da aka shigar sun sake haɗuwa tare da masu ɗaukar mafi yawa. A cikin semiconductor mai kai tsaye kamar AlGaAs, wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na waɗannan sake haɗawar suna haskakawa, ma'ana suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Takamaiman bandgap na gishirin AlGaAs da aka yi amfani da shi yana ƙayyade tsayin ra'ayi na photons da ake fitarwa, wanda a wannan yanayin yana tsakiya a kusa da 870nm a cikin bakan infrared. Kunshin epoxy bayyananne yana rufe guntuwar semiconductor, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, kuma yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau don siffata katako na fitarwa.

11. Trends Na Masana'antu

Masu fitar da infrared suna ci gaba da haɓaka a cikin mahimman fagage da yawa masu dacewa da abubuwan kamar HSDL-4261:

Ƙara Sauri:Bukatar mafi girman adadin bayanai a cikin sadarwar mara waya ta gani (Li-Fi, IRDA mai sauri) yana haifar da haɓaka masu fitarwa tare da mafi saurin lokutan tashi/faɗuwa.

Ingantacciyar Ingantacciya:Haɓaka a cikin girma na epitaxial da ƙirar guntu yana nufin samar da ƙarin ƙarfin gani (lumens ko radiant flux) kowace naúrar ƙarfin wutar lantarki (watts), yana rage samar da zafi da inganta ingancin tsarin.

Haɗin kai:Akwai wani yanayi zuwa haɗa mai fitarwa tare da da'irar direba ko ma tare da mai gano hoto a cikin kunshin guda don ƙirƙirar cikakkun kayan aikin watsa gani, yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar mai amfani na ƙarshe.

Sabbin Tsawon Ra'ayi:Yayin da 870-940nm ya kasance ma'auni don masu karɓa na tushen silicon, akwai bincike a cikin wasu tsayin ra'ayi don takamaiman aikace-aikace kamar tantance iskar gas ko LiDAR mai kare ido.