Bayanin Fasaha na LED na Infrared LTE-209 - Girman Kunshin 5.0mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 1.6V - Tsawon Tsawon Kololuwa 940nm - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Duba Abun Samfur

Jerin LTE-209 yana wakiltar dangin diodes masu fitar da haske na infrared (IR) waɗanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen fasahar haske masu dogaro. Waɗannan sassan an ƙera su don fitar da haske a tsayin kololuwa na 940 nanometers, wanda ke cikin kewayon hasken infrared na kusa. Wannan takamaiman tsayin ana amfani da shi a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar tushen haske mara ganuwa, kamar na'urori masu gano kusanci, gano abubuwa, da na'urori masu ɓoye haske. Babban fa'idar wannan jerin yana cikin ingantaccen ƙirƙira, wanda ke tabbatar da ingantaccen ƙarfin haske da halayen bakan haske. Na'urar tana cikin ƙaramin kunshin filastik mai arha tare da tsarin kallon ƙarshe, wanda ya sa ya dace da ƙirar da ke da ƙarancin sarari. Babban fasali shine dacewar sa na injiniya da bakan haske tare da takamaiman jerin masu karɓar haske (phototransistors), wanda ke sauƙaƙe ƙirar nau'ikan fitarwa-masu gano da aka inganta don ingantaccen aikin tsarin da ingantaccen siginar.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici yana ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ana ƙayyade waɗannan ƙimar a yanayin zafin muhalli (T_A) na 25°C. Matsakaicin ci gaba na yanzu na gaba shine 60 mA, tare da ƙarfin yanzu na gaba na 1 A a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (bugun jini 300 a kowace dakika, faɗin bugun jini 10 μs). Matsakaicin ɓarnawar wutar lantarki shine 90 mW. Na'urar na iya jure ƙarfin wutar lantarki na har zuwa 5 V. Kewayon zafin aiki daga -40°C zuwa +85°C, yayin da kewayon zafin ajiya ya faɗaɗa daga -55°C zuwa +100°C. Don haɗawa, ana iya siyar da igiyoyin a zafin jiki na 260°C na matsakaicin tsawon lokaci na 5 seconds, wanda aka auna 1.6mm daga jikin kunshin.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Haske

Halayen lantarki-haske sune mahimman ma'auni na aiki da aka auna a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (T_A=25°C, I_F=20mA). Ƙarfin haske (I_E), ma'aunin ƙarfin haske da ake fitarwa a kowane kusurwar ƙarfi, yana da ƙimar al'ada na 1.383 mW/sr. Ƙarfin haske na buɗaɗɗen (E_e), wanda ke wakiltar yawan ƙarfin haske, yawanci 0.184 mW/cm². Tsayin tsayin fitarwa na kololuwa (λ_Kololuwa) yana tsakiya a 940 nm, tare da rabin faɗin bakan haske (Δλ) na 50 nm, yana ayyana tsaftar bakan hasken da ake fitarwa. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (V_F) yawanci yana kewayo daga 1.2V zuwa matsakaicin 1.6V a yanzun gwaji. Yanzu na baya (I_R) shine matsakaicin 100 μA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin baya na 5V. Kusurwar kallo (2θ_1/2), inda ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwa, shine digiri 16, yana nuna ƙaramin tsarin haske.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba

Duk da yake takardar bayanin da aka bayar ba ta bayyana dalla-dalla tsarin rarraba ma'auni da yawa ba, tana nuna cewa na'urori "ANA ZABE DON TAKAMAMAIN IYAKA NA ƘARFIN HASKE DA ƘARFIN HASKE A KAN LAYI." Wannan yana nuna tsarin zaɓi ko rarrabuwa bisa ga aunannen ƙarfin haske da yuwuwar ƙimar ƙarfin haske. Wannan zaɓin da aka riga aka yi yana tabbatar da cewa abubuwan da aka kawo don takamaiman oda suna cikin mafi ƙarancin iyaka don waɗannan mahimman ma'auni na haske fiye da mafi ƙarancin iyaka da matsakaicin iyaka da aka bayyana a cikin ƙayyadaddun gabaɗaya. Wannan aikin yana haɓaka daidaito a cikin aikin aikace-aikace, musamman a cikin tsarin inda daidaitawar fitarwar haske ke da mahimmanci.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanin ta haɗa da nau'ikan lanƙwasa halaye da yawa waɗanda ke kwatanta halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Rarraba Bakan Haske

Hoto na 1 yana nuna lanƙwasa rarraba bakan haske, yana zana ƙarfin haske mai alaƙa da tsayin haske. Yana tabbatar da fitarwar kololuwa a 940 nm da kusan rabin faɗin bakan haske na 50 nm, yana nuna yaduwar tsayin hasken da ake fitarwa a kusa da kololuwa.

4.2 Yanzu na Gaba da Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Hoto na 3 yana nuna halayen yanzu na gaba da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba. Wannan lanƙwasa ba ta layi ba, ta al'ada ga diode. Tana nuna alaƙar inda ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki sama da bakin kofa ya haifar da saurin ƙaruwa a cikin yanzu. Ƙayyadaddun V_Fna 1.2V zuwa 1.6V a 20mA ana iya sanya shi cikin mahallin wannan lanƙwasa.

4.3 Ƙarfin Haske Mai Alaƙa da Yanzu na Gaba

Hoto na 5 yana kwatanta yadda fitarwar haske (ƙarfin haske mai alaƙa) ke canzawa tare da yanzun tuƙi na gaba. Gabaɗaya, fitarwa yana ƙaruwa tare da yanzu, amma alaƙar bazata zama cikakkiyar layi ba a duk faɗin kewayon aiki. Wannan lanƙwasa tana da mahimmanci don ƙayyade yanzun tuƙi da ake buƙata don cimma matakin fitarwar haske da ake so.

4.5 Dogaro da Zafin Jiki

Hotuna na 2 da 4 suna nuna tasirin zafin muhalli. Hoto na 2 (Yanzu na Gaba da Zafin Muhalli, mai yiwuwa a ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai tsayi) da Hoto na 4 (Ƙarfin Haske Mai Alaƙa da Zafin Muhalli, a yanzu mai tsayi) suna nuna cewa duka halayen lantarki da na haske na LED suna dogaro da zafin jiki. Yawanci, ga LED na infrared, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba yana raguwa kuma fitarwar haske tana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru. Waɗannan lanƙwasa suna da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irori tare da ramuwa na zafin jiki ko don kimanta aiki a cikin muhallin da ba na yau da kullun ba.

4.5 Tsarin Bakan Haske

Hoto na 6 shine zanen bakan haske ko tsarin kusurwar kallo. Zane ne na polar wanda ke nuna rarraba kusurwar ƙarfin hasken da ake fitarwa. An wakilta rabin kusurwar digiri 16 a nan da ido, yana nuna ƙarfin yana raguwa zuwa 50% na ƙimar akan-axis a ±8 digiri daga tsakiya.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

Na'urar tana amfani da ƙaramin kunshin filastik mai kallon ƙarshe. Mahimman ma'auni daga zanen kunshin sun haɗa da diamita na jiki, tazarar jagora, da tsayin gabaɗaya. Jagororin suna fitowa daga kunshin tare da takamaiman tazara wanda ke da mahimmanci don shimfidar PCB. Kunshin ya haɗa da flange, kuma bayanin kula ya ƙayyade matsakaicin fitowar guduro a ƙarƙashin wannan flange. Bayanin kula kuma ya fayyace cewa ana auna tazarar jagora a wurin da jagororin suka fita daga jikin kunshin, kuma matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici shine ±0.25mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. An ƙera tsarin jiki don ya dace da injiniya tare da masu karɓar haske (phototransistors) masu dacewa, yana tabbatar da daidaitaccen daidaito a cikin ginshiƙan da aka haɗa.

6. Jagororin Siyayya da Haɗawa

Babban jagoran haɗawa da aka bayar yana da alaƙa da zafin jiki na siyarwa. Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici ya ƙayyade cewa ana iya sanya jagororin zuwa zafin jiki na 260°C na matsakaicin 5 seconds. Ana auna wannan ƙimar a nisa na 1.6mm (0.063") daga jikin kunshin. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don ayyana bayanan siyarwar sake kunnawa ko hanyoyin siyar da hannu. Wuce wannan zafin jiki ko lokaci na iya lalata haɗin gwiwar ciki, haɗin waya, ko kayan kunshin filastik da kansa. Yakamata a kiyaye matakan kariya na ESD (Fitar da Wutar Lantarki) yayin sarrafawa. Yakamata a adana na'urar a cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon zafin jiki na -55°C zuwa +100°C a cikin yanayi mai bushewa don hana ɗaukar danshi, wanda zai iya haifar da "popcorning" yayin sake kunnawa.

7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

Takardar bayanin ta gano lambar sashi a matsayin LTE-209. "Lambar Ƙayyadaddun" ita ce DS-50-92-0001, kuma sake dubawa shine C. Cikakkun bayanai kan kunshin tepe-da-reel, adadin reel, ko matakin hankali na danshi (MSL) ba a bayar a cikin ɓangaren da aka cire ba. Yin oda yawanci zai kasance bisa ga lambar sashi na tushe LTE-209, tare da ƙarin kalmomi masu nuna takamaiman kwandon ƙarfi kamar yadda tsarin zaɓi da aka ambata a cikin fasali ya nuna.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

LTE-209 yana da kyau ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar tushen infrared mai ƙarfi, mai inganci. Tsayinsa na 940nm ba a iya gani da idon ɗan adam kuma ya dace da:

• Maɓallan Haske da Gano Abu:Haɗe tare da mai karɓar haske (phototransistor) (kamar jerin LTR-4206 da aka ambata) don gano kasancewar, rashi, ko matsayin wani abu ta hanyar katse hasken IR.
• Gano Kusanci:Ana amfani da shi a cikin na'urori don gano kusancin mai amfani ko abu, sau da yawa suna amfani da hankali mai nuna haske.
• Masu ɓoye lambobi (Encoders):Samar da tushen haske don ƙara ko cikakken masu ɓoye lambobi na haske a cikin sarrafa mota da tsarin gano matsayi.
• Watsa Bayanai:Ana iya amfani da shi don gajeriyar hanyar haɗin gwiwar infrared na ƙananan bayanai (misali, tsarin sarrafa nesa), ko da yake ƙaramin kusurwar kallonsa na iya buƙatar daidaitawa.

8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira

• Iyakance Yanzu:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jerin ko direba mai yanzu mai tsayi don iyakance yanzu na gaba zuwa matakin aiki da ake so, kar a taɓa wuce matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici.
• Gudanar da Zafin Jiki:Yi la'akari da ɓarnawar wutar lantarki (V_F* I_F) da tasirin zafin muhalli akan fitarwa. Don aikace-aikacen dogaro mai girma, rage matsakaicin yanzu a manyan yanayin zafi.
• Daidaitawar Haske:Ƙaramin kusurwar kallo na digiri 16 yana buƙatar daidaitaccen daidaitawar injiniya tare da mai gano abokin tarayya ko yankin da aka yi niyya don mafi kyawun ƙarfin siginar.
• Kariyar Da'ira:Ko da yake yana da ƙimar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya na 5V, haɗa kariya daga ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya ko ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin da'ira kyakkyawan aiki ne.
• Biyu Masu Daidaitawa:Don mafi kyawun aiki a cikin aikace-aikacen hankali, yi amfani da na'urar tare da mai karɓar haske (phototransistor) da aka daidaita ta bakan haske da injiniya kamar yadda aka ba da shawarar.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Mahimman bambance-bambancen jerin LTE-209, kamar yadda aka gabatar, shine takamaiman zaɓinsa don ma'auni na ƙarfi da haɗin sa da jerin mai karɓar haske (phototransistor). Idan aka kwatanta da LED na infrared na gabaɗaya, wannan zaɓin da aka riga aka yi yana ba da mafi girman daidaito a cikin fitarwar haske, wanda zai iya sauƙaƙe daidaita da'ira da haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin samar da yawa. Daidaitawar injiniya yana tabbatar da cewa lokacin amfani da mai karɓar haske (phototransistor) da aka keɓance, daidaitawar jiki da haɗin gwiwar haske an inganta su, wanda ke haifar da sigina mai ƙarfi da dogaro. Amfani da Gallium Aluminum Arsenide (GaAlAs) akan substrate na Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) fasaha ce ta daidaitaccen don samar da ingantattun masu fitar da hasken infrared na kusa tare da tsayin kusan 940nm.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)

Q: Menene manufar tsayin 940nm?

A: 940nm yana cikin kewayon hasken infrared na kusa, ba a iya gani da idon ɗan adam. Ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya a cikin hankali da sadarwa don guje wa tsangwama na haske mai ganuwa kuma ana iya gano shi da inganci ta masu gano haske na silicon.

Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED kai tsaye daga filin microcontroller na 5V?

A: A'a. Dole ne ka yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance yanzu. Tare da V na al'ada_Fna 1.6V a 20mA, ƙimar resistor don wadata 5V zai kasance R = (5V - 1.6V) / 0.02A = 170Ω. Dangane da resistor na 180Ω zai haifar da yanzu kusa da 19mA.

Q: Ta yaya zafin jiki ke shafar aiki?

A: Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin lanƙwasa halaye, ƙara zafin jiki gabaɗaya yana rage fitarwar haske don wani yanzu da aka bayar kuma yana rage ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba. Ƙira don faffadan kewayon zafin jiki dole ne ya yi la'akari da wannan.

Q: Me ake nufi da "daidaitaccen bakan haske"?

A: Yana nufin bakan fitarwa na LED (wanda ke tsakiya a 940nm) yana daidaitawa da kyau tare da yankin mafi girman amsawa na takamaiman mai karɓar haske (phototransistor). Wannan yana haɓaka adadin hasken da aka fitar wanda mai gano zai iya canzawa zuwa siginar lantarki.

11. Misalai na Ƙira da Amfani na Aiki

Misali 1: Ƙofar Gano Abu:Ana iya sanya LED na IR LTE-209 guda biyu a gefe ɗaya na bel ɗin isar da kaya, kowannensu yana haɗuwa da mai karɓar haske (phototransistor) da ya dace a gefe guda, yana haifar da katakon gano guda biyu masu zaman kansu. Microcontroller yana lura da fitarwar mai karɓar haske (phototransistor). Lokacin da wani abu ya wuce, yana karya ɗaya ko duka katakon, yana ba da damar tsarin ƙidaya abubuwa, auna girman (ta hanyar lokacin karya katakon), ko kunna aiki.

Misali 2: Na'urar Gano Kusanci Mai Nuna Haske:Ana sanya LTE-209 da mai karɓar haske (phototransistor) da ya dace a gefe ɗaya akan PCB, suna fuskantar hanya ɗaya. LED tana fitar da katakon haske. Lokacin da wani abu ya kusanto, yana mayar da wasu wannan haske zuwa mai karɓar haske (phototransistor). Ƙarfin siginar da aka gano yana da alaƙa da kusancin abu. Wannan saitin ya zama gama gari a cikin famfo na ruwa mara taɓawa ko na'urorin sanya sabulu ta atomatik.

12. Gabatar da Ƙa'idar Aiki

Diod mai fitar da hasken Infrared (IR LED) diode ne na semiconductor p-n junction. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin junction. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, ana sakin makamashi. A cikin takamaiman tsarin kayan da aka yi amfani da shi a nan (GaAlAs/GaAs), wannan makamashi yayi daidai da photons a cikin bakan infrared, kusan 940nm a tsayi. Tsarin diode, gami da Layer taga da aka ambata, an ƙera shi don ba da damar wannan hasken da aka samar ya fita daga kayan semiconductor yadda ya kamata. Kunshin filastik yana aiki don kare mutuwar semiconductor, samar da tsarin injiniya, kuma yana iya zama azaman ruwan tabarau don siffanta katakon hasken da aka fitar, yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙayyadadden kusurwar kallo na digiri 16.

13. Trends na Fasaha da Ci gaba

Fasahar fitar da infrared tana ci gaba da haɓakawa. Trends na gabaɗaya a fagen sun haɗa da:

• Ƙara Ingantaccen Aiki:Haɓaka sabbin kayan semiconductor da tsarin (misali, rijiyoyin ƙidaya da yawa) don cimma mafi girman ƙarfin fitarwar haske don wani shigarwar lantarki da aka bayar, rage amfani da wutar lantarki da samar da zafi.
• Ƙananan Girma:Ci gaba da rage girman kunshin (misali, kunshin ma'auni na guntu) don ba da damar haɗawa cikin ƙananan na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci da na'urorin IoT.
• Ingantaccen Aiki:Haɗa mai fitarwa tare da da'irar direba, masu gano haske, ko ma microcontroller cikin ginshiƙai guda ɗaya ko mafita a cikin kunshi (SiP).
• Bambance-bambancen Tsawon Haske:Duk da yake 940nm ya kasance daidaitaccen, sauran tsayin IR (misali, 850nm, 1050nm) ana inganta su don takamaiman aikace-aikace kamar tsarin aminci na ido ko tagogin watsa yanayi daban-daban.
• Ingantaccen Dogaro:Ci gaba a cikin kayan kunshi da fasahar haɗin gwiwar mutuwa don jure manyan yanayin zafi da yanayi masu ƙarfi, kamar waɗanda ake buƙata a cikin aikace-aikacen mota.