LED Mai Fitowa da Infrared 940nm T-1 3/4 - 5.0mm Dia x 8.6mm H - Ƙarfin Gaba 1.6V - Ƙarfin Radiant 40mW/sr - Takardar Bayanai a Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun diode mai fitar da infrared (IR) mai ƙarfi. Na'urar an ƙera ta don fitar da haske a mafi girman tsayin raƙuman ruwa na 940 nanometers (nm), wanda ke cikin bakan da ba a iya gani ba, wanda ya sa ya dace sosai don aikace-aikacen da ake buƙatar hasken da ba a iya gani ba. Ana ajiye kayan a cikin daidaitaccen kunshin T-1 3/4 mai rami ta ciki tare da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta, yana ba da tsarin radiyo mai faɗi.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin wannan mai fitar da IR sun haɗa da fitar da ƙarfin haske mai ƙarfi, kusurwar kallo mai faɗi na digiri 45 don ɗaukar faɗi, da ƙira da aka inganta don aiki mai ƙarfi tare da halayen ƙarfin gaba ƙasa. Waɗannan fasalulluka sun sa ya zama mafita mai tsada da amintacce. Aikace-aikacen da ake nufi galibi suna cikin kayan lantarki na mabukaci da firikwensi, musamman don na'urorin sarrafa nesa na infrared don talabijin, akwatunan saiti, da kayan aikin sauti, da kuma don firikwensin gano kusanci ko kasancewa a cikin na'urori daban-daban.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Ana ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin yanayin zafi (25°C). Fahimtar waɗannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira daidai da aiki mai aminci.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Iyaka

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda bayan su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba. Babban iyakoki sun haɗa da ci gaba da ƙarfin gaba (I_F4.1 Girman BayyaniV_R) har zuwa 5V, ko da yake an bayyana a fili cewa wannan don dalilai na gwaji ne kawai kuma ba a ƙera na'urar don aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin baya ba. Kewayon zafin aiki daga -40°C zuwa +85°C.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

Waɗannan su ne ma'auni na aiki na yau da kullun a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji. Ƙarfin haske (I_E), ma'aunin ƙarfin haske da ake fitarwa kowane kusurwa mai ƙarfi, yawanci milliwatts 40 a kowace steradian (mW/sr) lokacin da aka tuka shi da 100 mA. Ƙarfin gaba (V_F) yawanci volt 1.6 ne a ƙarfin tuka na 50 mA, yana nuna ƙarancin asarar wutar lantarki. Halayen bakan suna tsakiya a 940 nm tare da rabin faɗin bakan (Δλ) kusan 50 nm, yana ayyana faɗin band na hasken infrared da ake fitarwa.

3. Bincike na Lanƙwan Aiki

Takardar bayanai tana ba da jadawali da yawa da ke kwatanta halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar rashin layi da dogaro da zafin jiki.

3.1 Rarraba Bakan

Lanƙwan rarraba bakan (Fig.1) yana nuna ƙarfin haske mai dangi a matsayin aiki na tsayin raƙuman ruwa. Ya tabbatar da mafi girman fitarwa a 940 nm da rabin faɗin 50 nm, yana nuna yaduwar tsayin raƙuman ruwa da ake fitarwa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don dacewa da hankali na firikwensin karɓa ko photodiodes.

3.2 Ƙarfin Gaba da Ƙarfin Gaba (Lanƙwan I-V)

Lanƙwan I-V (Fig.3) yana kwatanta alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarfin da ke gudana ta diode da ƙarfin da ke kan sa. Ba layi ba ne, halayyar diode semiconductor. Wannan lanƙwan yana da mahimmanci don tantance ƙarfin tuƙi da ake buƙata don ƙarfin aiki da ake so da kuma lissafin ɓarnawar wutar lantarki (P_D = V_F × I_F).

3.3 Halayen Zafi

Hoto na 2 yana nuna raguwar mafi girman ƙarfin gaba da aka halatta yayin da zafin yanayi ke ƙaruwa. Yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi, ikon na'urar na kawar da zafi yana raguwa, don haka dole ne a rage mafi girman ƙarfin aiki mai aminci don hana wuce iyakar zafin haɗin gwiwa. Hoto na 4 yana nuna yadda ƙarfin haske mai dangi ke raguwa tare da ƙara zafin yanayi don ƙayyadadden ƙarfin tuƙi, wani abu da aka sani da zazzagewar zafi. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan a cikin ƙira da ke buƙatar ingantaccen fitarwa akan kewayon zafin jiki mai faɗi.

3.4 Ƙarfin Haske Mai Dangi da Ƙarfin Gaba

Hoto na 5 yana kwatanta cewa fitar da haske ba ya daidai daidai da ƙarfi, musamman a manyan ƙarfin inda inganci zai iya raguwa saboda dumama da sauran tasiri. Wannan jadawali yana taimakawa wajen zaɓar wurin aiki da ya dace don daidaita haske, inganci, da tsawon rayuwar na'urar.

3.5 Tsarin Radiation

Zanen polar (Fig.6) yana wakiltar kusurwar kallo a zahiri. Ƙayyadaddun 2θ½ na digiri 45 yana nufin kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimarsa a digiri 0 (a kan-axis). Wannan tsari mai faɗi yana da fa'ida ga aikace-aikace kamar sarrafa nesa, inda ba a ba da garantin daidaitawar daidai tsakanin mai watsawa da mai karɓa ba.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

.1 Outline Dimensions

Na'urar ta yi daidai da daidaitaccen kunshin T-1 3/4 (5mm). Manyan girma sun haɗa da diamita na jiki kusan 5.0 mm, jimlar tsayi kusan 8.6 mm daga ƙasan jagororin zuwa saman ruwan tabarau, da tazarar jagora na 2.54 mm (0.1 inci) inda jagororin suka fito daga kunshin. An ƙayyade mafi girman fitowar guduro a ƙarƙashin flange a matsayin 1.0 mm. Ya kamata a duba cikakkun zane-zane na injiniya tare da jurewa (yawanci ±0.25 mm) don ƙirar sawun PCB.

4.2 Gano Polarity

Ga LED masu rami ta ciki, anode (jagora mai kyau) yawanci shine mafi tsayin jagora. Ya kamata a duba zanen bayyani na takardar bayanai don tabbatar da alamar gane jiki, wanda sau da yawa wuri ne mai lebur a gefen kunshin ko tsaga, yana nuna gefen cathode (jagora mara kyau).

5. Jagororin Solder da Taro

Kula da yadda ya kamata yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewa yayin samarwa.

5.1 Samuwar Jagora

Idan jagororin suna buƙatar lanƙwasa, dole ne a yi shi a wani wuri aƙalla 3 mm nesa da gindin ruwan tabarau na epoxy. Kada a yi amfani da jikin kunshin a matsayin fulcrum yayin lanƙwasa. Dole ne a yi wannan aikin a zafin daki kuma kafin aikin solder.

5.2 Ma'aunin Solder

An magance hanyoyin solder guda biyu:
Ƙarfe na Solder:Matsakaicin zafin jiki na 360°C na iya kaiwa daƙiƙa 3 kawai. Dole ne ƙarshen ƙarfen ba ya kusa da 1.6 mm daga gindin kwan fitila na epoxy.
Solder Wave:Zafin pre-heat bai kamata ya wuce 100°C ba har zuwa daƙiƙa 60. Zafin igiyar solder ya kamata ya zama matsakaicin 260°C tare da lokacin tuntuɓe ƙasa da daƙiƙa 5. Kada a tsoma na'urar ƙasa da 2.0 mm daga gindin kwan fitila na epoxy.
Mahimmanci Bayanin Kula:An bayyana a fili cewa solder na sake kwarara na Infrared (IR) bai dace da wannan nau'in kunshin mai rami ta ciki ba. Zafi mai yawa ko lokaci na iya narkar da ruwan tabarau na filastik ko haifar da gazawar ciki.

5.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan solder, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da kaushi masu tushen barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol (IPA).

6. Ajiya da Gudanarwa

Don ajiyar dogon lokaci a waje da ainihin jakar shinge na danshi, ana ba da shawarar ajiye na'urorin a cikin yanayi wanda bai wuce 30°C da danshi na dangi 70% ba. Idan an cire su daga ainihin marufi, ya kamata a yi amfani da su cikin watanni uku. Don ajiya mai tsawo, ana ba da shawarar sanya su a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da desiccant ko a cikin yanayin nitrogen.

7. La'akari da Ƙirar Aikace-aikace

7.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Tuƙi

LED na'ura ce mai tuƙi ta halin yanzu. Takardar bayanai ta ba da shawarar ƙwarai don amfani da resistor mai iyakancewa na jerin ga kowane LED lokacin da aka haɗa raka'a da yawa a layi daya (Samfurin Da'ira A). Wannan saboda ƙarfin gaba (V_F) na iya bambanta kaɗan daga na'ura zuwa na'ura. Haɗa LED kai tsaye a layi daya (Samfurin Da'ira B) ba tare da resistors ɗaya ɗaya ba zai iya haifar da cin ƙarfi, inda LED tare da mafi ƙanƙantaV_Fyana jawo ƙarfi da yawa da ba daidai ba, yana haifar da haske mara daidaituwa da yuwuwar damuwa da gazawar wannan na'urar.

7.2 Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)

Na'urar tana da hankali ga zubar da wutar lantarki. Dole ne a aiwatar da matakan rigakafi a cikin yanayin sarrafawa da haɗawa:

• Dole ne ma'aikata su sanya bel ɗin wuyan hannu da aka kafa ko takalmi/takalmi masu ɗaukar wuta akan bene mai ɗaukar wuta.
• Dole ne a kafa tashoshin aiki, kayan aiki, da rumfunan ajiya yadda ya kamata.
• Yi amfani da masu ionizer don kawar da cajin tsaye wanda zai iya taruwa akan ruwan tabarau na filastik.
• Bincike na yau da kullun da horar da ma'aikatan da ke aiki a wuraren da aka kare ESD yana da mahimmanci.

7.3 Iyakar Aikace-aikace da Gargaɗi

Ana nufin ɓangaren don daidaitattun kayan lantarki na mabukaci da masana'antu. Masana'anta sun ƙayyade cewa ana buƙatar tuntuba idan za a yi amfani da na'urar a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke da mahimmanci ga aminci (misali, tallafin rayuwar likita, jirgin sama, sarrafa sufuri) inda gazawar zai iya haifar da haɗari ga rayuwa ko lafiya.

8. Ka'idar Aiki da Mahallin Fasaha

Wannan na'urar diode ce mai fitar da haske ta semiconductor (LED) wacce ke aiki bisa ka'idar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin gaba a kan haɗin gwiwar p-n, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a yankin aiki, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Takamaiman abun da ke ciki na yadudduka na semiconductor yana ƙayyade tsayin raƙuman hasken da ake fitarwa; a wannan yanayin, an daidaita shi don fitar da infrared na 940 nm. LED na infrared irin wannan sun kasance cikakkun kayan aiki masu aminci sosai. Ci gabansu ya mayar da hankali ne kan ƙara inganci (ƙarfin haske kowane ƙarfin shigarwa), inganta sarrafa zafi don manyan ƙarfin tuƙi, da tabbatar da dacewa da ƙa'idodin muhalli kamar RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa masu haɗari). Kunshin mai faɗin kusurwar kallo shine babban fasalin ƙira wanda ke haɓaka amfani a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ɗaukar faɗi maimakon katako mai mai da hankali.