Bayanin Fasaha na LTE-11L2D Mai Fitowa da Infrared - Kunshin T1 3mm - Tsawon Ra'ayi 940nm - Ƙarfin Gaba 1.8V - Rushewar Wutar Lantarki 170mW - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTE-11L2D diyodi ne mai fitowa da infrared mai inganci wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingantaccen fitar da hasken da ba a iya gani ba. Aikin sa na asali shine canza makamashin lantarki zuwa hasken infrared a tsayin ra'ayi mai kololuwa na 940 nanometers. Wannan tsayin ra'ayi ya dace sosai don aikace-aikacen da ake buƙatar rage katsalandan daga hasken da ake iya gani, saboda ya faɗi a waje da yanayin gani na ɗan adam. Na'urar tana cikin daidaitaccen kunshin T-1 mai diamita 3mm, tare da ruwan tabarau mai launin shuɗi mai duhu wanda ke taimakawa wajen gano kayan aikin kuma yana iya ba da wasu kaddarorin tacewa. Babban fa'idar wannan mai fitowa shine babban ƙarfin haskensa, yana ba da damar watsa siginar ƙarfi ko da a cikin igiyoyin tuƙi masu matsakaici. Tsarin sa yana niyya ga kasuwanni da aikace-aikacen da ƙaramin girma, ingantaccen tsada, da kuma aikin gani akai-akai suke da muhimmanci.

1.1 Siffofi na Asali da Aikace-aikacen Manufa

Manyan siffofi na LTE-11L2D sun haɗa da siffar sa ta T-1 da aka fi sani, wanda ke tabbatar da dacewa da tsarin PCB na yau da kullun da hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik. Ruwan tabarau mai launin shuɗi mai duhu alama ce ta gani. Fitowar sa mai kololuwa a 940nm daidaitacce ce don sadarwar infrared, yana ba da daidaito mai kyau tsakanin hankalin mai gano hoto na silicon da watsa yanayi. Na'urar tana goyan bayan aikin bugun jini, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga tsarin sarrafa nesa mai inganci da ƙa'idodin watsa bayanai. Kasancewar maras gubar kuma yana bin ka'idojin RoHS ya sa ya dace don masana'antar lantarki ta duniya. Manyan wuraren aikace-aikace sune siginar infrared a cikin sarrafa nesa na mabukaci don talabijin, tsarin sauti, da sauran kayan aikin gida. Hakanan ya dace don hanyoyin watsa bayanai na ɗan gajeren zango da dabarun firikwensin daban-daban, kamar firikwensin kusanci, ƙidaya abubuwa, da maɓallan gani masu nuni, inda ake fifitar tushen haske da ba a iya gani ba.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Manufa

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bincike game da halayen lantarki, gani, da zafi da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardun bayanan, yana bayyana mahimmancinsu ga injiniyoyin ƙira.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici yana ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Waɗannan ba sharuɗɗan aiki na yau da kullun ba ne. Rushewar wutar lantarki (P_V) an ƙididdige shi a 170 mW a yanayin zafin yanayi (T_A) na 25°C. Wannan ƙimar yana raguwa tare da ƙara yawan zafin yanayi, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin lanƙwasa rage ƙima. Ci gaba da gaba na gaba (I_F) shine 100 mA, yayin da mafi girman igiyar igiyar ruwa (I_FSM) na 700 mA an yarda da shi don ƙananan bugun jini (100 µs), wanda ya zama na yau da kullun don watsa fashewar sarrafa nesa. Ƙarancin ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na baya (V_R= 5V) yana nuna cewa haɗin PN na diyodi ba a tsara shi don jure babban bambance-bambancen baya ba, don haka kariyar da'ira (kamar resistor na jeri ko diyodin kariya a layi daya) sau da yawa yana da mahimmanci. Matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa (T_j) shine 100°C, kuma juriyar zafi daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa yanayi (R_thJA) shine 300 K/W lokacin da aka sayar da jagororin zuwa PCB tare da tsawon 7mm. Wannan ma'aunin zafi yana da mahimmanci don ƙididdige matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka yarda a manyan yanayin zafin yanayi don hana yin zafi sosai.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Gani

Waɗannan ma'auni ana auna su a ƙarƙashin takamaiman sharuɗɗan gwaji (yawanci I_F= 100mA, faɗin bugun jini = 20ms) a 25°C kuma suna wakiltar aikin na'urar na yau da kullun. Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (I_E) yana da ƙimar al'ada na 68 mW/sr, tare da mafi ƙarancin 40 mW/sr. Wannan yana auna ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar a kowane kusurwar daki kuma babban adadi ne na cancantar don hasken mai fitowa. Yakamata a yi la'akari da jurewar ±10% a cikin ƙirar gani. Tsayin Ra'ayi Mai Kololuwa (λ_P) yawanci 940nm ne. Faɗin Bandwidth na Spectral (Δλ) yana kusan 50nm, yana ayyana kewayon tsayin ra'ayoyin da aka fitar. Ƙarfin Gaba (V_F) yawanci 1.8V ne tare da matsakaicin 1.5V a gwajin gwaji, wanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙididdige ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ake buƙata da ƙimar resistor na jeri. Halin Baya (I_R) yana da ƙasa sosai (matsakaicin 10 µA a 5V). Lokutan Tashi da Faɗuwa (t_r, t_f) suna 20 ns, suna nuna cewa ana iya sauƙaƙe na'urar da sauri, yana goyan bayan aikin bugun jini mai sauri. Rabin Kusuwa (θ_1/2) shine ±22°, ma'ana kusurwar fitarwa inda ƙarfin ya faɗi zuwa 50% na ƙimar kololuwar sa. Wannan yana ayyana faɗin katako da tsarin radiation.

3. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardun bayanan yana ba da jadawali da yawa waɗanda ke nuna halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don ingantaccen tsarin tsarin.

3.1 Rarraba Spectral Dangane

Hoto na 1 yana nuna ƙarfin haske dangane da tsayin ra'ayi. Lanƙwasa tana tsakiya a kusa da 940nm tare da ƙayyadadden bandwidth na 50nm. Wannan jadawali yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da dacewa tare da hankalin mai karɓar mai gano hoto na spectral, wanda kuma yawanci yana kololuwa a yankin kusa da infrared. Dole ne masu ƙira su tabbatar cewa bakan fitarwa na mai fitowa ya yi daidai da lanƙwasa amsawar mai gano don mafi kyawun ƙarfin siginar.

3.2 Zafi da Rage Ƙimar Halin Yanzu

Hoto na 2 yana nuna iyakar halin yanzu na gaba dangane da yanayin zafin yanayi. Yana nuna yadda matsakaicin ci gaba da ci gaba da halin yanzu yana raguwa yayin da yanayin zafin yanayi ya tashi sama da 25°C don kiyaye zafin haɗin gwiwa a ƙasa da matsakaicin 100°C. Wannan rage ƙimar sakamako ne kai tsaye na juriyar zafi da rushewar wutar lantarki na na'urar. Don aiki mai aminci a cikin yanayi mai zafi, dole ne a rage yawan tuƙin tuƙi daidai.

3.3 Halin Yanzu na Gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki da Fitowa Dangane

Hoto na 3 shine daidaitaccen lanƙwasa halayen I-V (halin yanzu-ƙarfin lantarki). Yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni, yana tabbatar da V na yau da kullun_Fna kusan 1.8V a 100mA. Hoto na 4 da Hoto na 5 suna nuna yadda ƙarfin haske dangane ya canza tare da halin yanzu na gaba da yanayin zafin yanayi. Fitowar ba ta da daidaito daidai da halin yanzu kuma tana raguwa tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki saboda raguwar ingancin ƙididdiga na ciki. Waɗannan lanƙwasa suna taimakawa wajen zaɓar mafi kyawun wurin aiki don cimma fitowar gani da ake so yayin sarrafa amfani da wutar lantarki da kayan aikin zafi.

3.4 Zanen Radiation

Hoto na 6 zanen tsarin radiation ne na iyakacin duniya. Yana wakiltar rabin kusurwa na ±22° a zahiri, yana nuna yadda ƙarfin yake rarraba ta sararin samaniya. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar hanyar gani, ko don watsa shirye-shiryen faɗi (kamar sarrafa nesa) ko ƙarin katako mai mai da hankali. Tsarin gabaɗaya yana kama da Lambertian don irin wannan fakitin, ma'ana ƙarfin yana daidai da kusan cosine na kusurwar kallo.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

4.1 Girman Bayani

Zanen injiniya yana ba da duk mahimman girma. Kunshin daidaitaccen T-1 ne tare da diamita jiki na 3.2mm ±0.15mm da tsayin ruwan tabarau na yau da kullun. Diamita jagora shine 0.5mm. Tazarar jagora, wanda aka auna inda jagororin suka fito daga kunshin, shine 2.54mm na al'ada, wanda shine daidaitaccen fil 0.1-inch don abubuwan rami. Mafi ƙarancin tsawon jagora shine 25.4mm. Wani siffa sananne shine yuwuwar har zuwa 0.7mm na resin da aka fitar a ƙarƙashin flange, wanda dole ne a yi la'akari da shi don tsayawa da tsaftacewar PCB. An yiwa anode da cathode alama a sarari a kan zane; mafi tsayin jagora shine anode na yau da kullun, amma zanen shine cikakken tunani.

4.2 Gano Polarity

An nuna polarity a sarari a cikin zanen bayani. Haɗin polarity mara daidaituwa zai hana na'urar fitar da haske kuma yana iya sanya shi cikin damuwa na ƙarfin lantarki na baya. Filayen wuri a gefen kunshin sau da yawa yana daidaitawa da gefen cathode, wanda shine mafi gajeren jagora. Koyaushe ku tabbatar da zanen takardun bayanin yayin haɗawa.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

5.1 Tsarin Solder Pad da Aka Ba da Shawara

Hoto na 8 yana nuna shafin solder da aka ba da shawarar don ƙirar PCB. An nuna kushin don cathode da anode, tare da girma don yankin jan ƙarfe da juriya na solder. Kyakkyawan kushin yana tabbatar da haɗin gwiwar solder mai aminci, daidaitaccen kwanciyar hankali na injiniya, kuma yana taimakawa wajen zubar da zafi yayin solder. Bin waɗannan shawarwari yana taimakawa wajen hana kabari da ƙananan filayen solder.

5.2 Bayanin Solder da Kariya

Takardun bayanan ya ƙayyade zafin jikin gubar na 260°C matsakaicin don dakika 5, wanda aka auna 2.0mm daga jiki. Wannan ma'auni ne mai mahimmanci don hanyoyin solder na igiyar ruwa ko solder na hannu. Wucewa wannan bayanin lokacin-zafin jiki na iya lalata mutuwar ciki, haɗin waya, ko kunshin epoxy, yana haifar da gazawar da wuri ko lalacewar aikin gani. Hoto na 9 yana kwatanta shawarar bayanin zafin jiki na solder na igiyar ruwa, yana nuna matakan dumama, jiƙa, sake kwarara, da sanyaya. Yana da mahimmanci don bin wannan bayanin don rage girgizar zafi. Yanayin ajiya na gabaɗaya yana cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon zafin ajiya na -40°C zuwa +100°C, a cikin yanayi mai bushewa don hana shan danshi wanda zai iya haifar da \"popcorning\" yayin sake kwarara (ko da yake wannan ya fi mahimmanci ga sassan SMD).

6. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira

6.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun

Mafi yawan aikace-aikace shine a cikin mai watsa sarrafa nesa na infrared. Da'ira ta asali ta ƙunshi filin microcontroller GPIO yana tuƙi mai fitowa ta hanyar resistor mai iyakancewa halin yanzu. An ƙididdige ƙimar resistor kamar R = (V_CC- V_F) / I_F. Misali, tare da wadata 3.3V, V_F=1.8V, da kuma I da ake so_F=100mA, R = (3.3 - 1.8) / 0.1 = 15Ω. Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na resistor dole ne ya isa (P = I_F²* R = 0.15W). Don aikin bugun jini, tabbatar da microcontroller zai iya samar da / zubar da mafi girman halin yanzu da ake buƙata. Ana amfani da direba transistor (BJT ko MOSFET) sau da yawa don manyan igiyoyin ruwa ko lokacin da filin MCU ba zai iya samar da isasshen halin yanzu ba.

6.2 Abubuwan Ƙira na Gani

Don mafi kyawun kewayon da amincin siginar, haɗa mai fitowa tare da mai gano hoto ko phototransistor mai hankali a 940nm. Yi la'akari da tsarin radiation: don sarrafa nesa mai faɗi, kusurwar ±22° ta dace. Don ƙarin hanyar haɗi mai jagora, ana iya ƙara ruwan tabarau don daidaita katako. Ruwan tabarau mai launin shuɗi mai duhu na iya rage wasu hasken da ake iya gani, yana rage hayaniyar baya a mai karɓa. Tabbatar da cewa mai fitowa da mai karɓa suna daidaita daidai. Hasken yanayi daga hasken rana ko kwan fitila ya ƙunshi abubuwan IR kuma na iya haifar da katsalandan; amfani da siginar da aka daidaita (misali, 38kHz mai ɗaukar hoto) da mai karɓa da aka daidaita yana taimakawa wajen ƙin wannan hayaniyar yanayi na DC.

6.3 Gudanar da Zafi

Ko da yake ƙanana, na'urar tana zubar da zafi. A matsakaicin ci gaba da halin yanzu na 100mA da V_F=1.8V, wutar lantarki da aka tarwatsa shine 180mW, wanda ya ɗan wuce ƙimar 170mW a 25°C. Don haka, don ci gaba da aiki, yakamata a rage halin yanzu, ko kuma dole ne yanayin zafin yanayi ya kasance ƙasa. A cikin aikace-aikacen bugun jini (kamar sarrafa nesa tare da ƙananan aikin hidima), matsakaicin wutar lantarki ya fi ƙasa sosai, don haka batutuwan zafi ba su da damuwa. Samar da isasshen yanki na jan ƙarfe akan PCB a kusa da jagororin yana taimakawa zubar da zafi.

7. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED infrared kai tsaye daga filin microcontroller 5V?

A: A'a, ba tare da resistor mai iyakancewa halin yanzu ba. Haɗa shi kai tsaye zai yi ƙoƙarin jawo babban halin yanzu, mai yiwuwa ya lalata LED kuma mai yiwuwa ya lalata filin microcontroller. Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jeri wanda aka ƙididdige shi bisa ga ƙarfin wutar lantarki da halin yanzu na gaba da ake so.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (mW/sr) da Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (mW)?

A: Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken yana da alaƙa da kusurwa—ƙarfi kowace kusurwar daki. Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken shine jimillar ƙarfin gani da aka fitar a kowane bangare. Don nemo jimillar ƙarfi, za ku haɗa ƙarfin a kan duk kusurwar daki ta fitarwa (wanda aka ayyana ta hanyar tsarin radiation). Takardun bayanan suna ba da ƙarfi, wanda ya fi amfani don ƙididdige haske a takamaiman nisa da kusurwa akan mai karɓa.

Q: Me yasa ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na baya kawai 5V?

A> An inganta LED infrared don gudanar da gaba da fitar da haske. Ba a tsara haɗin PN ɗin su don toshe manyan ƙarfin lantarki na baya ba. Aikata kuskuren amfani da bambance-bambancen baya sama da 5V na iya haifar da rushewa da lalacewa ta dindindin. A cikin da'irori inda ƙarfin lantarki na baya zai yiwu, ƙara diyodin kariya a layi daya (cathode zuwa cathode, anode zuwa anode) ko tabbatar da cewa da'irar tuƙi ba ta taɓa amfani da bambance-bambancen baya ba.

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara rabin kusurwa don ƙirar ta?

A: Rabin kusurwa na ±22° yana nufin katakon yana da jimillar faɗin kusan 44° inda ƙarfin ya fi 50% na kololuwa. A manyan kusurwoyi fiye da wannan, ƙarfin yana faɗuwa da sauri. Don sarrafa nesa da ke buƙatar aiki lokacin da aka nuna shi a wani ɓangare, wannan yana ba da isasshen ɗaukar hoto. Don hanyar haɗin bayanai ta zahiri, daidaitawa a cikin wannan mazugi yana da mahimmanci don karɓar siginar ƙarfi.

8. Ka'idar Aiki da Trends na Fasaha

8.1 Ka'idar Aiki ta Asali

LTE-11L2D diyodi ne mai fitar da haske na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfinsa na haɗin gwiwa (kusan 1.8V), ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yanki mai aiki na kayan semiconductor (yawanci bisa aluminum gallium arsenide - AlGaAs). Waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suna sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Takamaiman abun da ke cikin yadudduka na semiconductor yana ƙayyade tsayin ra'ayin photons da aka fitar, wanda shine 940nm don wannan na'urar. Ana kiran wannan tsari electroluminescence. Kunshin epoxy mai launin shuɗi mai duhu yana aiki don ɗaukar da kare ƙwanƙwasa semiconductor mai laushi, siffanta katakon hasken da aka fitar, kuma ya zama ruwan tabarau.

8.2 Trends na Masana'antu

Kasuwannin mai fitowa na infrared na ci gaba da haɓaka. Trends sun haɗa da haɓaka masu fitowa tare da mafi girman ƙarfin haske da inganci daga girman kunshin iri ɗaya, yana ba da damar tsawon zango ko ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Har ila yau, ana ci gaba da aiki don inganta saurin (lokutan tashi/faɗuwa) don aikace-aikacen watsa bayanai masu sauri kamar IrDA. Haɗin kai wani trend ne, tare da haɗaɗɗun modules masu fitowa-diraba suna samuwa. Bugu da ƙari, tuƙin ƙananan ƙira ya ci gaba, ko da yake kunshin T-1 ya kasance babban abu don aikace-aikacen rami saboda ƙarfin sa da sauƙin sarrafawa. Kimiyyar kayan da ke ƙasa tana mai da hankali kan inganta ingancin ƙididdiga na ciki da kwanciyar hankali na zafi don kiyaye aiki a kan mafi faɗin yanayin zafi.