Bayanin Fasaha na LTE-2872U Mai Fitowa da Haske na Infrared - Kunshin 5mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba na 1.6V - Tsawon Zango na 940nm - Bayanin Fasaha na Turanci

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTE-2872U diode ce mai fitowa da haske na infrared (IR) wacce aka ƙera don aiki mai dogaro a aikace-aikacen ganowa da gano abubuwa. Babban aikinta shine fitar da hasken infrared a tsayin zango mafi girma na nanomita 940, wanda idon ɗan adam ba ya gani amma yana da kyau ga tsarin gano na'urorin lantarki. Babban aikace-aikacen da aka nuna a cikin takardar bayani shine na na'urorin gano hayaki, wanda kayan yana da amincewar UL, wanda ke nuna dogararsa da amincinsa don mahimman kayan aikin tsaro na rayuwa. Ana ba da na'urar a cikin kunshi mai tsabta na filastik mai kallo a ƙarshe mai arha, yana ba da tsarin haske mai ƙunƙunta wanda ke haɓaka alkiblar da daidaiton ganowa.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Manufa

Babban fa'idodin jerin LTE-2872U ya samo asali ne daga zaɓin ƙirar sa na musamman. An daidaita shi ta hanyar injina da kuma bakan haske tare da abokan haɗin gwiwa na phototransistor a cikin jerin LTR-3208, yana tabbatar da mafi kyawun aiki a cikin nau'ikan mai fitarwa-mai gano da ake amfani da su a cikin na'urori masu nau'in rami (misali, don gano takarda a cikin firinta, gano abu). Wannan daidaitawa yana sauƙaƙe ƙira da inganta ingancin sigina. Halin ƙunƙun haske yana ƙara ƙarfi a kan ƙaramin yanki, yana inganta rabo sigina-zuwa-amo a cikin tsarin da aka daidaita. Amfani da Layer taga na Gallium Aluminum Arsenide (GaAlAs) akan substrate na Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) fasaha ce ta yau da kullun don ingantaccen fitar da IR. Babban kasuwar manufa ita ce masana'antu da na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarfi, infrared mai arha, tare da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun a cikin tsarin gano hayaki.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

Takardar bayani tana ba da cikakkun ƙididdiga mafi girma da cikakkun halaye na lantarki/na gani, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga ƙirar da'ira da kimanta dogaro.

2.1 Cikakkun Ƙididdiga Mafi Girma

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin da za a iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin a bayansu. Na'urar na iya watsar da ƙarfin wutar lantarki har zuwa 250 mW. Ana ƙididdige ci gaba na gaba na yanzu a 150 mA, yayin da aka ba da izinin mafi girman kololuwar gaba na yanzu na 3 A a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (300 pps, 10 µs faɗin bugun jini), wanda ke da amfani don tuƙi gaggawar gaggawa mai ƙarfi. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya shine 5 V, yana nuna ƙarancin haƙurin diode ga karkatar da baya. Kewayon zafin aiki daga -40°C zuwa +85°C, kuma ajiya na iya kasancewa daga -55°C zuwa +100°C, yana mai da shi dacewa ga yanayi masu wuya. An ƙayyade zafin gyaɗa na gubar a matsayin 260°C na tsawon dakika 5 a nisan 1.6mm daga jikin kunshin, yana ba da jagora ga hanyoyin haɗawa.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & Na Gani

Ana gwada sigogi a daidaitaccen gaba na yanzu (I_F) na 20 mA da zafin yanayi (T_A) na 25°C. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (V_F) yawanci yana kewayo daga 1.2V zuwa 1.6V. Gabaɗaya na baya (I_R) shine matsakaicin 100 µA a ƙarfin lantarki na baya (V_R) na 5V. Tsayin zango mafi girma na fitarwa (λ_Kololuwa) shine 940 nm, kuma bandwidth na bakan (Δλ), wanda aka ayyana shi azaman rabin faɗin, shine 50 nm. Kusurwar kallo (2θ_1/2) shine digiri 16, yana tabbatar da ƙayyadaddun ƙunƙun haske.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

LTE-2872U tana amfani da tsarin binning mai tsauri don fitarwa mai haske, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton aikin gani. Sigogi biyu masu mahimmanci ana bin su: Radiant Incidence na Budewa (E_e, a cikin mW/cm²) da Ƙarfin Radiant (I_E, a cikin mW/sr).

3.1 Binning Fitarwa mai haske

Takardar bayani tana lissafin kwandon da yawa (A, B, C, D1, D2, D3, D4) don duka E_eda I_E. Kwandon yana wakiltar jeri na ikon gani. Misali, Bin A don Ƙarfin Radiant yana da kewayon al'ada na 3.31 zuwa 7.22 mW/sr, yayin da Bin D4 ya fara daga 17.17 mW/sr. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar ɓangaren da ke da madaidaicin matakin fitarwa da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacensu, yana tabbatar da isasshen ƙarfin sigina ba tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai ba. Mafi girman lambobin kwandon gabaɗaya suna dacewa da mafi girman inganci ko na'urorin fitarwa. Dole ne masu ƙira su tuntubi takamaiman lambobin kwandon lokacin yin oda don tabbatar da aikin da ake buƙata.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayani ta haɗa da lanƙwasa halaye na yau da kullun waɗanda ke nuna halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Rarraba Bakan

Hoto na 1 yana nuna rarraba bakan, yana kololuwa sosai a 940 nm tare da rabin faɗin 50 nm da aka ambata a baya. Wannan lanƙwasa yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da dacewa tare da hankalin bakan na mai gano da aka haɗa (kamar LTR-3208).

4.2 Gaba na Yanzu vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba

Hoto na 3 yana nuna halayen IV (Current-Voltage). Yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni ta yau da kullun na diode. Lanƙwasa yana ba masu ƙira damar ƙayyade ƙarfin tuƙi da ake buƙata don yanzun aiki da ake so, wanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakancewa na yanzu.

4.3 Dangantakar Ƙarfin Radiant vs. Gaba na Yanzu

Hoto na 5 yana nuna cewa fitarwa ta gani (ƙarfin haske) kusan layi ne tare da gaba na yanzu a cikin kewayon aiki na yau da kullun. Wannan layi yana sauƙaƙa daidaitawa da sarrafa fitowar haske.

4.4 Dangantakar Ƙarfin Radiant vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Hoto na 4 yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar tasirin zafi. Yana nuna cewa ƙarfin haske yana raguwa yayin da zafin yanayi ya karu. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan raguwa a cikin ƙira da aka yi niyya don yin aiki a cikin cikakken kewayon zafin jiki, musamman kusa da iyaka ta sama (+85°C), don tabbatar da isasshen tazara sigina.

4.5 Zanen Radiation

Hoto na 6 yana ba da tsarin radiation na polar, yana tabbatar da kusurwar kallo na digiri 16 ta gani. Tsarin yana nuna rarraba kusurwar hasken infrared da aka fitar, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga daidaita gani da fahimtar yankin ganowa mai inganci.

5. Bayanin Injiniya & Kunshi

5.1 Girman Kunshi

Na'urar tana amfani da daidaitaccen kunshin radial mai gubar 5mm (wanda ake kira T-1¾ sau da yawa). Mahimman girma sun haɗa da diamita na jiki, tazarar gubar, da tsayin gabaɗaya. Zanen ya ƙayyade cewa ana auna tazarar gubar inda gubar ta fito daga kunshin. An lura da matsakaicin tsinkaya na guduro a ƙarƙashin flange a matsayin 1.5mm. Duk girma suna da daidaitaccen haƙuri na ±0.25mm sai dai idan an faɗi.

5.2 Ganewar Polarity

Ga daidaitaccen mai fitar da IR a cikin wannan kunshin, doguwar gubar yawanci ita ce anode (tabbatacce), kuma guntun gubar shine cathode (maras kyau). Bangaren lebur a gefen kunshin kuma na iya nuna gefen cathode. Dole ne masu ƙira su tabbatar da wannan yayin haɗawa don hana haɗin baya.

6. Jagororin Gyaɗa & Haɗawa

Takardar bayani tana ba da takamaiman umarni don gyaɗa don hana lalacewar zafi ga haɗin semiconductor da kunshin filastik.

6.1 Gyaɗa ta Hannu ko Wave

Cikakkiyar ƙididdiga mafi girma ta ƙayyade cewa za a iya gyaɗa gubar a 260°C na tsawon dakika 5, tare da sharadin cewa wurin gyaɗa yana aƙalla 1.6mm (.063\") nesa da jikin kunshin. Wannan nisa yana ba da damar zafi ya watse tare da jagora kafin ya isa abubuwan da ke cikin kunshin. Amfani da ɗanƙon maƙarƙashiyar zafi akan gubar tsakanin haɗin gyaɗa da jiki shine aikin da aka ba da shawarar.

6.2 Yanayin Ajiya

Duk da yake ba a cikakken bayani ba fiye da kewayon zafin ajiya (-55°C zuwa +100°C), al'ada ce ta ajiye na'urori masu mahimmanci na danshi a cikin yanayi mai bushewa ko a cikin jakunkuna masu shinge na danshi tare da bushewa don hana \"popcorning\" yayin sake gyaɗa, kodayake wannan ɓangaren shine na farko don haɗin rami.

7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikacen Al'ada

• Masu Gano Hayaki:Amincewar UL ta sa ya zama zaɓi na farko. Ana amfani dashi a cikin na'urorin gano hayaki na photoelectric inda barbashi na hayaki ke watsa hasken IR daga mai fitarwa zuwa mai gano hoto.
• Gano Abu/Rami:Haɗe tare da daidaitaccen phototransistor (misali, LTR-3208) a kan rata don gano kasancewa ko rashin wani abu (takarda a cikin firinta, tsabar kuɗi a cikin injin sayar da kaya).
• Gano Kusanci:Ana amfani dashi a cikin tsarin inda ake gano hasken IR da aka nuna don auna nisa ko kasancewa.
• Kayan Aikin Masana'antu:Don ƙidaya, sanya matsayi, da labulen aminci na karya-haske.

7.2 Abubuwan da ake la'akari da ƙira

• Iyakancewa na Yanzu:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jerin don iyakance gaba na yanzu zuwa ƙimar da ake so (misali, 20 mA don ma'aunin spec). Lissafa ƙimar resistor ta amfani da R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Yi lissafi don raguwar fitarwa tare da zafin jiki (duba Hoto na 4). Don aiki mai zafi ko babban yanzu, tabbatar da watsawar wutar lantarki (I_F* V_F) bai wuce 250 mW ba kuma yi la'akari da raguwa.
• Daidaitawar Gani:Ƙunƙun haske na digiri 16 yana buƙatar daidaitaccen daidaitawar injiniya tare da mai gano don mafi kyawun ƙarfin sigina.
• Ƙarar Lantarki:Don aikin bugun jini, tabbatar da saurin da'irar tuƙi kuma yi la'akari da garkuwa don hana tsangwama na lantarki daga shafar da'irori masu hankali na mai gano.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambance-bambance

Duk da yake kwatancen abokin hamayya kai tsaye ba ya cikin takardar bayani, ana iya ƙila manyan bambance-bambancen LTE-2872U. Babban fa'idarsa ita ce tabbataccen daidaitawa ga jerin phototransistor na LTR-3208, yana rage shakkar ƙira. Samun kwandon fitarwa da yawa yana ba da damar inganta farashi-aiki. Ƙunƙun kusurwar kallo wani fasali ne na musamman wanda ba a samu a cikin duk masu fitar da IR ba; masu fitar da haske masu faɗi suna ba da ƙarancin ƙarfi a wani takamaiman batu amma suna rufe babban yanki. Takaddun shaida na UL don na'urorin gano hayaki babbar cancanta ce wacce ba duk LED na IR ke da ita ba, yana buɗe kofa ga kasuwa mai ƙa'ida.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q1: Menene manufar kwandon daban-daban (A, B, C, D1, da sauransu)?
A1: Kwandon yana rarraba LED ɗin dangane da aunannun fitarwa mai haske (ƙarfi). Wannan yana ba ku damar zaɓar ɓangaren da ya cika mafi ƙarancin fitarwa da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacen ku cikin aminci. Yin amfani da mafi girman kwando yana tabbatar da sigina mai ƙarfi amma yana iya ɗan tsada.

Q2: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da wadata 5V kai tsaye?
A2: A'a. Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba shine 1.2-1.6V. Haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa 5V zai haifar da yawan yanzu, yana lalata LED. Dole ne koyaushe kuna amfani da resistor mai iyakance yanzu a cikin jerin.

Q3: Me yasa fitarwa ke faɗuwa a yanayin zafi mafi girma?
A3: Wannan wata halay ce ta asali na tushen hasken semiconductor. Ƙara zafin jiki yana ƙara sake haɗuwa mara haske a cikin kayan semiconductor, yana rage ingancin samar da haske (electroluminescence).

Q4: Menene ma'anar \"daidaitaccen bakan\"?
A4: Yana nufin tsayin zango mafi girma na fitarwa (940nm) yana daidaitawa sosai da tsayin zango mafi girma na hankalin bakan na ƙayyadadden mai gano phototransistor. Wannan yana haɓaka adadin hasken da aka fitar wanda mai gano zai iya \"gani\" kuma ya canza shi zuwa sigina na lantarki.

10. Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira mai Amfani

Yanayi: Ƙirar Mai Gano Fitar Takarda don Firinta.Aikace-aikacen gama gari shine gano lokacin da takarda ba ta nan a cikin tire. An sanya mai fitar da IR na LTE-2872U a gefe ɗaya na hanyar takarda, kuma an sanya phototransistor na LTR-3208 a gaba daidai. Lokacin da takarda ta kasance, tana toshe hasken IR, kuma fitarwa na phototransistor yana da ƙasa (ko high, dangane da tsarin da'ira). Lokacin da takarda ba ta nan, hasken ya isa mai gano, yana canza yanayin fitarwa.Matakan Ƙira:1) Zaɓi kwandon da ya dace (misali, Bin C) don isasshen tazara sigina. 2) Ƙirar da'irar direba: Yi amfani da fil ɗin GPIO microcontroller. Tare da wadata 3.3V da manufa I_Fna 20 mA, lissafa R = (3.3V - 1.4V) / 0.02A = 95Ω. Yi amfani da daidaitaccen resistor 100Ω. 3) Ƙirar da'irar mai gano: Haɗa phototransistor a cikin tsarin mai fitarwa na gama-gari tare da resistor ja sama don ƙirƙirar sigina na dijital. 4) Ƙirar mai riƙe ta injiniya don tabbatar da daidaitaccen daidaitawar mai fitarwa da mai gano a kan hanyar takarda, ta yin amfani da ƙunƙun haske na digiri 16 don ingantaccen ganewar gefe.

11. Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Aiki

LTE-2872U diode ce mai fitar da haske (LED) wacce ke aiki a cikin bakan infrared. Babban ƙa'idarta ita ce electroluminescence a cikin haɗin p-n semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi. A cikin wannan takamaiman tsarin kayan (GaAlAs/GaAs), makamashin da aka saki yayi daidai da photon tare da tsayin zango kusan 940 nm, wanda ke cikin yankin kusa-infrared. Ana samun ƙunƙun haske ta hanyar lissafin lissafin semiconductor die da tasirin ruwan tabarau na kunshin filastik mai tsabta, wanda ke daidaita hasken da aka fitar.

12. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin

Infrared emitters like the LTE-2872U are based on mature III-V semiconductor technology. Trends in the field include the development of emitters at different wavelengths (e.g., 850nm for some surveillance cameras, 1050nm for eye-safe applications) and with higher output powers and efficiencies. There is also a move towards surface-mount device (SMD) packages for automated assembly, though through-hole packages like this 5mm type remain popular for prototyping, repair, and applications requiring higher power handling or simpler manual assembly. The principle of matched emitter-detector pairs remains fundamental to reliable optoelectronic sensing. The integration of the emitter, driver, and sometimes the detector into a single module is another trend, simplifying system design for end-users.