Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
- 2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'aunin Fasaha
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici
- 2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)
- 4. Bincike na Lankwasa Ayyuka
- 4.1 Rarraba Ra'ayi (Hoto na 1)
- 4.2 Halin Yanzu na Gaba da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Lankwasa IV) (Hoto na 3)
- 4.3 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Radiant Dangane da Halin Yanzu na Gaba (Hoto na 5)
- 4.4 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Radiant Dangane da Yanayin Yanayi (Hoto na 4)
- 4.5 Zanen Radiation (Hoto na 6)
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin
- 6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
- 7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
- 7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
- 7.2 Abubuwan da ake la'akari da su na Ƙira
- 8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'aunin Fasaha)
- 10. Misalin Ƙira na Aiki
- 11. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki
- 12. Trends na Fasaha
1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
LTE-4206 ƙaramin LED ne mai fitowa da infrared (IR) mai arha, wanda aka ƙera don amfani a aikace-aikacen gano abu da sadarwa ta hanyar gani. Aikin sa na asali shine fitar da hasken infrared a tsayin ra'ayi mafi girma na 940 nanometers (nm). Ana ajiye na'urar a cikin fakitin filastik mai bayyananne, wanda ke ba da damar fitar da haske yadda ya kamata. Wani muhimmin fasali shine daidaitawar sa na injiniya da na ra'ayi tare da jerin phototransistors masu dacewa, wanda ke sauƙaƙe ƙirar da'irar karɓa ta hanyar tabbatar da dacewa a cikin girma na jiki da amsawar ra'ayi.
2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'aunin Fasaha
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici
Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. An ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin yanayi (TA) na 25°C.
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (PD):90 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya watsawa a matsayin zafi.
- Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IFP):1 A. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin yanzu da aka ba da izini, wanda aka ƙayyade a ƙarƙashin yanayi na bugun jini 300 a kowace dakika (pps) tare da faɗin bugun jini na 10 μs.
- Ci gaba da Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IF):60 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC da za a iya amfani da shi akai-akai.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya (VR):5 V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin bias na baya zai iya lalata haɗin LED.
- Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-40°C zuwa +85°C. An tabbatar da cewa na'urar za ta yi aiki a cikin wannan kewayon zafin yanayi.
- Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-55°C zuwa +100°C.
- Zafin Solder na Jagora:260°C na tsawon dakika 5, wanda aka auna 1.6mm daga jikin fakitin.
2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani
Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a TA=25°C kuma suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na al'ada. Halin yanzu na gaba (IF) don gwada ma'aunin gani yawanci 20mA ne.
- Ƙarfin Radiant na Budewa (Ee):Ana auna shi a cikin mW/cm², wannan shine ƙarfin wutar lantarki a kowace yanki na yanki da ke faruwa akan saman. Ƙimar ta bambanta ta bin (duba sashe na 3).
- Ƙarfin Radiant (IE):Ana auna shi a cikin mW/sr, wannan shine ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ake fitarwa a kowace kusurwa mai ƙarfi. Wannan muhimmin ma'auni ne don siffanta hasken tushen IR. Ana ajiye ƙimomin a cikin kwandon shara.
- Tsawon Ra'ayi Mafi Girma (λMafi Girma):940 nm (na al'ada). Wannan shine tsayin ra'ayi inda mafi girman ƙarfin gani ya kasance. Yana cikin kewayon infrared na kusa.
- Rabin Faɗin Layin Ra'ayi (Δλ):50 nm (na al'ada). Wannan ma'auni, wanda kuma aka sani da Cikakken Faɗi a Rabin Matsakaici (FWHM), yana nuna faɗin ra'ayi. Ƙimar 50 nm tana nufin hasken da aka fitar ya ƙunshi kewayon tsayin ra'ayi kusan 50 nm mai faɗi a kusa da kololuwa.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (VF):1.2 V (m), 1.6 V (typ) a IF=20mA. Wannan shine faɗuwar wutar lantarki a kan LED lokacin da yake gudanar da ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu.
- Halin Yanzu na Baya (IR):100 μA (max) a VR=5V. Wannan shine ƙaramin halin yanzu na ɓarna da ke gudana lokacin da aka yi wa na'urar bias na baya.
- Kusurwar Kallo (2θ1/2):Digiri 20. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin radiant ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar sa mafi girma (a kan-axis). Kusurwar 20° tana nuna katako mai mai da hankali.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)
LTE-4206 yana amfani da tsarin binning don mahimman ma'aunin fitarwa na gani, Ƙarfin Radiant na Budewa (Ee) da Ƙarfin Radiant (IE). Binning tsari ne na masana'antu wanda ke rarraba abubuwan zuwa ƙungiyoyin aiki don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon. Ana rarraba na'urar zuwa kwandon shara huɗu: A, B, C, da D.
- Kwandon A: Ee= 0.184 - 0.54 mW/cm²; IE= 1.383 - 4.06 mW/sr.
- Kwandon B: Ee= 0.36 - 0.78 mW/cm²; IE= 2.71 - 5.87 mW/sr.
- Kwandon C: Ee= 0.52 - 1.02 mW/cm²; IE= 3.91 - 7.67 mW/sr.
- Kwandon D: Ee= 0.68 mW/cm² (m); IE= 5.11 mW/sr (m). Wannan kwandon yana wakiltar ƙungiyar fitarwa mafi girma.
Wannan tsarin yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar kwandon shara wanda ya dace da takamaiman buƙatun hankali ko kewayon don wani aikace-aikace.
4. Bincike na Lankwasa Ayyuka
Bayanin bayanin yana ba da lankwasa halaye da yawa waɗanda ke nuna halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.
4.1 Rarraba Ra'ayi (Hoto na 1)
Wannan lankwasa tana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin radiant a matsayin aikin tsayin ra'ayi. Yana tabbatar da fitowar kololuwa a 940 nm da kusan rabin faɗin ra'ayi na 50 nm. Siffar lankwasa ta al'ada ce ga LED infrared na GaAlAs.
4.2 Halin Yanzu na Gaba da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Lankwasa IV) (Hoto na 3)
Wannan jadawali yana zana IFa kan VF. Yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni na diode. Lankwasa tana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar direba mai iyakance halin yanzu. Na al'ada VFna 1.6V a 20mA ana iya tabbatar da shi a nan.
4.3 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Radiant Dangane da Halin Yanzu na Gaba (Hoto na 5)
Wannan zanen yana nuna cewa fitarwa na gani (ƙarfin radiant) yana kusan layi tare da halin yanzu na gaba a cikin babban kewayon. Wannan layi yana sauƙaƙe sarrafawa; ƙara halin yanzu na tuƙi kai tsaye kuma a iya hasashen yana ƙara fitar da haske.
4.4 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Radiant Dangane da Yanayin Yanayi (Hoto na 4)
Wannan lankwasa mai mahimmanci tana kwatanta dogaron zafin jiki na fitarwar LED. Ƙarfin radiant yana raguwa yayin da zafin yanayi ya ƙaru. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan raguwa a cikin ƙira da aka yi niyya don yin aiki a cikin cikakken kewayon zafin jiki (-40°C zuwa +85°C) don tabbatar da isasshen ƙarfin siginar a yanayin zafi.
4.5 Zanen Radiation (Hoto na 6)
Wannan zanen polar ne wanda ke nuna rarraba sararin samaniya na hasken da aka fitar. Yana tabbatar da kusurwar kallo na 20° a zahiri, yana nuna yadda ƙarfin ya faɗi a kusurwoyi daga tsakiyar axis (0°).
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin
Na'urar tana amfani da ƙaramin fakitin filastik mai kallon ƙarshe. Muhimman bayanan girma daga bayanin bayanin sun haɗa da:
- Duk girma suna cikin millimeters (inci da aka bayar a cikin maƙallan).
- Tolerance na gabaɗaya shine ±0.25mm (±0.010") sai dai idan an ƙayyade.
- Matsakaicin tsinkaya na resin a ƙarƙashin flange shine 1.0mm (0.039").
- Ana auna tazarar jagora a wurin da jagororin suka fito daga jikin fakitin.
- Fakitin yana bayyananne kuma a bayyane yake.
(Lura: Ba a bayar da takamaiman ma'auni na girma daga zane a cikin rubutun, amma yawanci zai haɗa da diamita na jiki, tsayi, diamita na jagora, da tazara).
6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
Babban jagorar da aka bayar shine don solder na hannu: ana iya solder jagororin a 260°C na matsakaicin tsawon lokaci na dakika 5, tare da zafi da aka yi amfani da shi aƙalla 1.6mm (0.063") nesa da jikin fakitin filastik. Wannan shine don hana lalacewar zafi ga resin na epoxy. Don solder na igiyar ruwa ko sake kwarara, yakamata a bi bayanan bayanan LED infrared na al'ada, tare da kula da matsakaicin zafin jiki da lokacin da ya wuce ruwa don tsayawa cikin iyakokin zafin jiki na fakitin.
7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
- Gano Abu & Hankali na Kusa:Haɗe tare da phototransistor mai dacewa (misali, jerin LTR-4206) a cikin tsarin nunin haske ko karya-katako. Ana amfani da shi a cikin na'urorin bugawa, na'urorin kwafi, injinan sayar da kaya, da kuma sarrafa masana'antu.
- Watsa Bayanai na Infrared:Ya dace don gajeriyar hanyar sadarwa ta jerin gwano, ƙananan ƙimar bayanai, na'urorin sarrafa nesa, ko maɓallan gani.
- Gano Hayaki:Ana amfani da shi a cikin na'urorin gano hayaki na gani.
7.2 Abubuwan da ake la'akari da su na Ƙira
- Iyakance Halin Yanzu:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jerin gwano ko direba mai ci gaba da halin yanzu don iyakance IFzuwa ƙimar da ake so (misali, 20mA don aikin spec), kar a haɗa kai tsaye zuwa tushen wutar lantarki.
- Gudanar da Zafi:Yi la'akari da raguwar fitarwa tare da zafin jiki (Hoto na 4). Tabbatar cewa rushewar wutar lantarki (IF* VF) bai wuce 90mW ba, la'akari da yanayin yanayi.
- Daidaitawar Gani:Kusurwar kallo na 20° tana buƙatar daidaitawa a hankali tare da na'urar gano abu don mafi kyawun haɗin siginar, musamman a cikin saitin karya-katako.
- Ƙarar Lantarki:A cikin aikace-aikacen hankali, canza halin yanzu na direban LED kuma yi amfani da gano aiki tare a cikin da'irar karɓa don ƙin hasken yanayi (misali, hasken rana, ƙwan fitila) wanda zai iya ƙunsar abubuwan IR na 940nm.
8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
Babban abin da ya bambanta LTE-4206 shinedaidaitawar injiniya da na ra'ayizuwa takamaiman jerin phototransistors. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa yankin aiki na mai karɓa da lankwasa hankali na ra'ayi suna daidaitawa da yanayin fitarwa da tsayin ra'ayi na mai fitarwa, yana haɓaka ingancin tsarin kuma yana sauƙaƙe ƙirar injiniya. Dafakitin bayyananneyana ba da inganci mafi girma na waje idan aka kwatanta da fakitin da aka yi launi ko watsawa. Datsarin binningyana ba da sassauci a cikin zaɓin matakin fitarwa da ake buƙata. Daarha da ƙaramin girmasun sa ya dace don aikace-aikacen mabukaci da na masana'antu masu yawa, masu ƙarancin sarari.
9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'aunin Fasaha)
Q: Menene manufar tsayin ra'ayi na 940nm?
A: 940nm yana cikin kewayon infrared na kusa, wanda ba a iya gani da idon ɗan adam. Tsayin ra'ayi ne na gama gari saboda yana guje wa tsangwama na hasken da ake iya gani, yawancin na'urorin gano gani na silicon (kamar phototransistors) suna da kyakkyawan hankali a nan, kuma ba shi da sauƙin kamuwa da tsangwama daga hasken fitila na yanayi (wanda ke kololuwa a cikin kewayon ~1000nm) idan aka kwatanta da LED na 850nm.
Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED da samar da wutar lantarki 5V?
A: Ee, amma DOLE ne ka yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu. Misali, don cimma IF=20mA tare da na al'ada VFna 1.6V daga samar da wutar lantarki 5V: R = (5V - 1.6V) / 0.02A = 170Ω. Yi amfani da ƙimar daidaitaccen ƙima mafi kusa (misali, 180Ω) kuma duba ainihin halin yanzu.
Q: Me "kusurwar kallo" ke nufi ga mai fitarwa?
A: Yana ayyana faɗin katako. Cikakken kusurwar 20° yana nufin an tattara hasken da aka fitar a cikin mazugi mai kunkuntar. Ana samun rabin matsakaicin ƙarfin a ±10° daga tsakiyar axis. Ƙaramin kusurwa yana ba da katako mai mai da hankali don tsayin dogon lokaci ko daidaitawa daidai.
Q: Me ya sa ake ajiye fitarwa a cikin kwandon shara?
A: Bambance-bambancen masana'antu suna haifar da ɗan bambanci a cikin ƙarfin fitarwa. Binning yana rarraba LED zuwa ƙungiyoyi tare da tabbataccen mafi ƙarancin da matsakaicin fitarwa. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar kwandon shara wanda ke tabbatar da cewa tsarin su zai yi aiki da aminci, sanin ainihin kewayon aikin kayan.
10. Misalin Ƙira na Aiki
Harka: Ƙirar Na'urar Gano Takarda don Na'urar Buga.
Ana buƙatar na'urar gano karya-katako don gano kasancewar takarda. An sanya LTE-4206 (Kwandon C) a gefe ɗaya na hanyar takarda, kuma an sanya phototransistor mai dacewa na LTR-4206 a gaba daidai.
- Da'irar Direba:Ana tuƙa LED ta hanyar fil ɗin GPIO na microcontroller ta hanyar resistor 180Ω don saita IFzuwa ~20mA lokacin da fil ɗin ya kasance mai girma (3.3V ko 5V na dabaru).
- Canzawa:Microcontroller yana buga LED a 1kHz (50% aikin aiki) don bambanta siginar sa daga hasken yanayi.
- Da'irar Mai Karɓa:An haɗa mai tara phototransistor zuwa resistor mai ja sama. Ana karanta ƙarfin wutar lantarki a mai tara ta hanyar ADC na microcontroller ko mai kwatanta.
- Dabarun Gano:Lokacin da babu takarda, hasken IR ya isa phototransistor, yana gudanarwa, yana ja da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai tara ƙasa. Lokacin da takarda ta toshe katako, phototransistor yana kashewa, kuma ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai tara ya tashi sama. Microcontroller yana samfurin wannan siginar a lokacin bugun jini na LED don gano canjin yanayi.
- Abubuwan da ake la'akari da su:Kusurwar kallo na 20° tana tabbatar da cewa katako yana da kunkuntar isa ga katsewa da kyau ta gefen takarda. Zaɓin Kwandon C yana ba da isasshen ƙarfin radiant don samar da siginar mai ƙarfi a cikin mai karɓa, har ma yana ba da damar tattara ƙura akan lokaci.
11. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki
LED Mai Fitowa da Hasken Infrared (IR LED) diode ne na semiconductor p-n junction. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce bakin kofa (kusan 1.2V ga wannan na'urar), ana shigar da electrons da ramuka a kan haɗin. Waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suna sake haɗuwa, kuma ga wannan takamaiman abun da ke ciki (yawanci Gallium Aluminum Arsenide - GaAlAs), makamashin da aka saki yayin sake haɗuwa yana cikin nau'in photons tare da tsayin ra'ayi a kusa da 940 nm, wanda shine hasken infrared. Ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar yana daidai da yawan sake haɗuwa, wanda ke sarrafa shi ta hanyar halin yanzu na gaba (IF). Fakitin epoxy mai bayyananne yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau, yana siffata katako mai fitarwa zuwa ƙayyadadden kusurwar kallo na 20°.
12. Trends na Fasaha
Trends a fasahar mai fitowa da infrared sun haɗa da:
- Ƙara Ingantaccen Aiki:Haɓaka kayan aiki da tsari (misali, rijiyoyin ƙidaya da yawa) don cimma matsakaicin ƙarfin radiant (mW/sr) don irin wannan halin yanzu na tuƙi, rage amfani da wutar lantarki.
- Ƙananan Girma:Ci gaba da rage girman fakitin (misali, fakitin ma'aunin guntu) don ba da damar haɗawa cikin ƙananan na'urori kamar na'urorin sawa da na'urori masu ƙarancin sarari.
- Ƙarfafa Amincewa & Aiki Mafi Girman Zafin Jiki:Haɓaka kayan aikin fakitin da fasahorin haɗa guntu don tsawaita rayuwa da ba da damar yin aiki a cikin mawuyacin yanayi (misali, motoci, masana'antu).
- Maganganun Haɗe-haɗe:Haɗa mai fitarwa na IR, direba, kuma wani lokacin mai gano abu ko dabaru cikin na'ura ɗaya ko IC don sauƙaƙe ƙirar tsarin da rage sawun ƙafa.
- Tsayin Ra'ayi da yawa & VCSELs:Amfani da Laser na Fitowa na Surface-Emitting na Tsaye (VCSELs) don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaitaccen, sauri, ko tsarin haske, kamar a cikin ingantaccen hankali na kusa, hoton 3D (Lokacin-tashi), da gane fuska.
LTE-4206 yana wakiltar cikakkiyar mafita, mai tsada don buƙatun gano infrared na daidaitaccen, yayin da sabbin fasahori ke magance buƙatun don ƙarin aiki, haɗawa, da aikace-aikace na musamman.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |