Bayanin Fasaha na IR Emitter da Detector LTE-R38386AS-ZF - Tsawon Zango 850nm - Halin Gaba 1A - Matsakaicin Karfin Lantarki 3.6V - Watsawar Wutar Lantarki 3.6W - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun ƙayyadaddun bayanan fasaha na wani ɓangaren infrared da aka tsara don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, sauri mai girma, da kusurwar kallo mai faɗi. Na'urar ita ce mai fitar da infrared wanda ke aiki a kololuwar tsawon zango na 850nm, wanda aka ƙera ta amfani da fasahar AlGaAs don aikin sauri. Yana cikin jerin samfuran da suka haɗa da masu fitar da infrared da masu gano kamar GaAs 940nm IREDs, PIN Photodiodes, da Phototransistors. An ƙera ɓangaren don cika ka'idojin RoHS kuma an rarraba shi azaman Samfurin Kore.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Manufa

Babban fa'idodin wannan ɓangaren sun haɗa da tushen haske na LED mai ƙarfi, aiki mai inganci tare da tsawon rayuwar aiki, da ikon sarrafa igiyoyin tuƙi masu ƙarfi. Waɗannan fasalulluka sun sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen infrared masu ƙarfi. Kasuwanni da aikace-aikacen manufa sun fi kasancewa a cikin kayan lantarki na mabukaci da na masana'antu, musamman inda ake buƙatar siginar infrared mai aminci.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bayani, fassarar haƙiƙa na mahimman ma'auni na lantarki, na gani, da na zafi kamar yadda aka ƙayyade a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun (TA=25°C).

2.1 Matsakaicin Ƙimar Ƙarfafawa

An ƙera na'urar don yin aiki a cikin ƙayyadaddun iyaka don tabbatar da aminci da hana lalacewa. Matsakaicin watsawar wutar lantarki shine Watts 3.6. Zai iya ɗaukar matsakaicin halin gaba na Amperes 5 a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (bugun jini 300 a kowace dakika, faɗin bugun jini 10μs) da ci gaba da halin gaba na DC na Ampere 1. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da aka yarda shine Volts 5. An ƙayyade juriyar zafi daga haɗin gwiwa a 9 K/W, wanda yake da mahimmanci don ƙirar sarrafa zafi. Kewayon zafin aiki daga -40°C zuwa +85°C, kewayon zafin ajiya daga -55°C zuwa +100°C. Bangaren zai iya jure wa soldering na infrared a 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 10.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da na Gani

A ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na halin gaba 1A (IF), na'urar tana nuna ƙarfin haske (IE) tare da ƙimar al'ada na 320 mW/sr da mafi ƙarancin 200 mW/sr. Jimlar ƙarfin haske (Фe) yawanci 1270 mW ne. Kololuwar tsawon zango mai fitarwa (λPeak) shine 850 nm, tare da rabin faɗin layin gani (Δλ) na 50 nm, yana ƙayyade faɗin gani. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) ya bambanta daga 2.5V (ƙarami) zuwa 3.6V (matsakaici), tare da ƙimar al'ada na 3.1V a 1A. Halin baya (IR) shine matsakaicin 10 μA a ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V. Lokutan tashi da faɗuwar siginar (Tr/Tf) yawanci nanoseconds 30 ne (wanda aka auna daga 10% zuwa 90%). Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2) shine digiri 150, inda θ1/2 shine kusurwar kashe-axis inda ƙarfin haske ya rabi ƙimar akan tsakiyar axis.

3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa na Aiki

Bayanin bayanan ya haɗa da wasu lanƙwasa na halaye waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira da hasashen aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

3.1 Rarraba Gani

Hoto na 1 yana nuna ƙarfin haske na dangi a matsayin aiki na tsawon zango. Lanƙwasa tana tsakiya a 850 nm, tana tabbatar da kololuwar tsawon zango mai fitarwa, tare da rabin faɗin 50 nm yana nuna yaduwar gani na hasken infrared da aka fitar.

3.2 Halin Gaba vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Hoto na 2 yana kwatanta alaƙa tsakanin halin gaba da aka yarda da yanayin yanayi. Wannan lanƙwasa rage ƙima yana da mahimmanci don tantance matsakaicin halin aiki mai aminci a yanayin zafi don guje wa wuce iyakar zafin haɗin gwiwa.

3.3 Halin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Hoto na 3 yana gabatar da lanƙwasa halayen IV (Hali-Ƙarfin Lantarki). Yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta layi ba, wanda shine al'ada ga diodes, kuma ana amfani da shi don ƙididdige watsawar wutar lantarki (Vf * If) da kuma ƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu da ta dace.

3.4 Ƙarfin Hasken Dangi vs. Yanayin Yanayi da Halin Gaba

Hotuna na 4 da 5 suna nuna yadda ƙarfin fitarwa na gani (dangane da ƙimarsa a IF=1A) ke canzawa tare da yanayin yanayi da halin gaba, bi da bi. Waɗannan jadawalin suna taimaka wa masu ƙira su fahimci bambance-bambancen inganci da kwanciyar hankali na fitarwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki daban-daban.

3.5 Tsarin Radiation

Hoto na 6 jadawalin radiation ne na polar wanda ke nuna rarraba sararin samaniya na hasken infrared da aka fitar. Faɗin lobe mai faɗi mai santsi yana tabbatar da kusurwar kallo na digiri 150, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ɗaukar hoto mai faɗi ko jurewar daidaitawa.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

4.1 Girman Bayani

Takardar tana ba da cikakken zanen injiniya na ɓangaren. Duk girmansun an ƙayyade su a cikin milimita, tare da ƙimar jurewar daidaitaccen ±0.1 mm sai dai idan an lura da haka. Zanen ya haɗa da mahimman fasalulluka da suka wajaba don ƙirar sawun PCB da haɗin kai na injiniya.

4.2 Girman Kafet ɗin Solder da aka Ba da Shawara

An ba da tsarin ƙasa na PCB da aka ba da shawarar (tsarin kafet ɗin solder) don tabbatar da samuwar haɗin gwiwar solder daidai, kwanciyar hankali na injiniya, da aikin zafi yayin tsarin haɗawa. An ba da shawarar bin waɗannan girmansun don samarwa mai aminci.

4.3 Ganewar Polarity

An yiwa alama cathode a sarari a cikin zanen girmansun fakitin. Daidaitaccen jagorar polarity yayin haɗawa yana da mahimmanci don na'urar yin aiki.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Sarrafa da haɗawa daidai suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye amincin na'urar da aiki.

5.1 Yanayin Ajiya

Don fakitin da aka rufe, ajiya ya kamata ya kasance a 30°C ko ƙasa da haka da 90% Danshi na Dangi (RH) ko ƙasa da haka, tare da lokacin amfani da shi na shekara guda da aka ba da shawarar. Don buɗaɗɗen fakitin, yanayin bai kamata ya wuce 30°C ko 60% RH ba. Abubuwan da aka cire daga ainihin fakitinsu ya kamata a yi musu solder-reflow a cikin mako guda. Don ajiya mai tsawo a waje da ainihin fakitin, ana ba da shawarar ajiya a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da busassun abu ko a cikin desiccator na nitrogen. Abubuwan da aka ajiye a waje da marufi fiye da mako guda ya kamata a gasa su a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin solder.

5.2 Tsaftacewa

Idan tsaftacewa ya zama dole, kawai abubuwan kaushi na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol ne ya kamata a yi amfani da su.

5.3 Ma'auni na Solder

An ba da cikakkun yanayin solder don duka hanyoyin reflow da solder na hannu. Don solder reflow: pre-heat a 150–200°C na matsakaicin dakika 120, tare da kololuwar zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba na matsakaicin dakika 10 (matsakaicin sake zagayowar reflow guda biyu da aka yarda). Don amfani da ƙarfe na solder: matsakaicin zafin jiki na 300°C na matsakaicin dakika 3 kowace jagora. Takardar tana nuni ga ƙayyadaddun bayanan daidaitattun JEDEC a matsayin tushen saitin tsari kuma tana jaddada buƙatar ƙayyadaddun bayanan takarda na musamman saboda bambance-bambance a cikin ƙira, mannewa, da kayan aiki.

6. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

6.1 Girman Fakitin Tape da Reel

Ana ba da ɓangaren akan reels inci 7, tare da guda 600 a kowace reel. Marufin ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA 481-1-A-1994. An ba da cikakkun girmansun don tef ɗin ɗaukar kaya da reel. Bayanan kula sun ƙayyade cewa an rufe buɗaɗɗen aljihun ɓangaren tare da tef ɗin murfi kuma an yarda da matsakaicin ɓangarorin da suka ɓace guda biyu a jere.

7. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira

7.1 Amfani da An Nufa da Gargaɗi

Na'urar an yi niyya don kayan lantarki na yau da kullun a cikin aikace-aikacen ofis, sadarwa, da gida. Ana buƙatar tuntuba kafin amfani a aikace-aikacen da ake buƙatar aminci na musamman, musamman inda gazawar za ta iya haifar da rayuwa ko lafiya (misali, jiragen sama, tsarin likita, na'urorin aminci).

7.2 Ƙirar Da'irar Tuƙi

Kamar yadda LED ke aiki da na'urar halin yanzu, dole ne a yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a cikin jerin tare da kowane LED lokacin da aka haɗa na'urori da yawa a layi daya. Wannan aikin, wanda aka kwatanta shi azaman "Samfurin Da'ira (A)" a cikin bayanin bayanan, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da daidaiton ƙarfi a cikin duk LEDs. Madadin da'irar ba tare da resistors ɗaya ɗaya ba ("Samfurin Da'ira (B)") na iya haifar da bambance-bambancen haske saboda rarraba ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) na halitta a tsakanin LEDs, yana haifar da rashin daidaiton halin yanzu.

7.3 Gudanar da Zafi

Ganin ƙimar watsawar wutar lantarki na 3.6W da juriyar zafi (Rθj) na 9 K/W, sarrafa zafi mai inganci akan PCB yana da mahimmanci. Dole ne masu ƙira su tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla ko dumama don kiyaye zafin haɗin gwiwa a cikin iyakoki masu aminci, musamman lokacin aiki a manyan igiyoyin ruwa ko a cikin yanayin yanayi mai girma, kamar yadda lanƙwasa rage ƙima ya nuna.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Wannan 850nm AlGaAs IRED an sanya shi don aikace-aikacen sauri. Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun GaAs IREDs 940nm waɗanda galibi ake amfani da su a cikin sarrafa nesa, tsawon zango na 850nm zai iya ba da ingantaccen aiki tare da masu gano silicon (waɗanda ke da mafi girman hankali a kusa da 800-900nm) kuma galibi ana amfani da su a cikin watsa bayanai da tsarin sa ido. Babban ƙarfin fitarwa (320 mW/sr na al'ada) da saurin sauyawa mai sauri (30 ns na al'ada) sune manyan bambance-bambance don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar sigina mai ƙarfi ko manyan ƙimar bayanai.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin ƙarfin haske (mW/sr) da jimlar ƙarfin haske (mW)?

A: Ƙarfin haske yana auna ƙarfin gani da aka fitar kowace naúrar kusurwa mai ƙarfi (steradian) tare da tsakiyar axis, yana nuna yadda aka tattara katakon. Jimlar ƙarfin haske shine haɗaɗɗen ƙarfin gani da aka fitar a duk kwatance. Faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 150 na wannan na'urar yana nufin jimlar ƙarfinta ya fi girma sosai fiye da yadda ƙarfin axial ɗinsa zai nuna ga mai fitarwa mai kunkuntar kusurwa.

Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da tushen ƙarfin lantarki na dindindin?

A: Ba a ba da shawarar ba. LEDs suna buƙatar sarrafa halin yanzu. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) yana da kewayon (2.5V zuwa 3.6V). Tushen ƙarfin lantarki na dindindin da aka saita a cikin wannan kewayon zai iya haifar da bambancin halin yanzu mai yawa tsakanin raka'a, yana iya yin tuƙi fiye da kima ga wasu kuma yana haifar da haske mara daidaituwa ko lalacewa. Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jerin ko direban halin yanzu na dindindin.

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara kusurwar kallo na digiri 150 (2θ1/2)?

A: Kusurwar kallo ita ce cikakkiyar kusurwa inda ƙarfin ya kasance aƙalla rabin kololuwar (akan-axis) ƙarfi. Don haka, θ1/2 shine digiri 75 daga axis. An fitar da haske tare da ƙarfin amfani a cikin wannan mazugi mai faɗi na digiri 150.

10. Misalan Ƙira da Amfani

Hali na 1: Na'urar Gano Kusa / Gano Abu:Mai fitarwa za a iya haɗa shi da wani mai gano phototransistor ko photodiode daban. Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana sauƙaƙa daidaitawa. Wani abu da ke wucewa tsakanin mai fitarwa da mai ganowa yana katse katakon, yana haifar da siginar ganowa. Babban ƙarfin yana ba da damar tsayin ganowa mai tsawo ko aiki a cikin yanayi tare da wasu hayaniyar IR na yanayi.

Hali na 2: Haɗin Bayanan Infrared Mai Sauƙi:Saurin lokacin tashi/faɗuwa na 30 ns yana ba shi damar daidaitawa a manyan mitoci (zuwa cikin kewayon MHz), wanda ya dace da watsa bayanai mara waya na ɗan gajeren zango. Ta hanyar tuƙa shi tare da halin yanzu da aka daidaita daga microcontroller ko encoder IC, da kuma amfani da da'irar mai karɓa mai daidaitawa tare da photodiode, za a iya kafa hanyar haɗin kai ta serial.

Hali na 3: Tsararrun Masu Fitarwa da yawa don Haskakawa:Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haskakawa na yanki a cikin bakan infrared (misali, don kyamarori na CCTV tare da hangen nesa na dare), ana iya shirya raka'a da yawa akan PCB. Da'irar tuƙi dole ne ta haɗa da resistors masu iyakance halin yanzu na kowane mai fitarwa (kamar yadda Da'ira A ta kasance) don tabbatar da fitarwa iri ɗaya a cikin tsararrun duk da bambance-bambancen Vf.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

Wannan na'urar ita ce Diode mai Fitar da Infrared (IRED). Tana aiki akan ka'idar electroluminescence a cikin haɗin gwiwar p-n na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da halin gaba, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki (wanda aka yi da AlGaAs), suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Takamaiman abun da ke ciki (AlGaAs) da tsarin an ƙera su ta yadda bandgap na makamashi ya yi daidai da tsawon zango na photon na nanometers 850, wanda ke cikin yankin kusa da infrared na bakan lantarki, wanda ba a iya gani da idon ɗan adam amma ana iya gano shi ta hanyar na'urori na silicon.

12. Trends na Masana'antu da Mahallin

Abubuwan infrared suna ci gaba da haɓaka zuwa mafi inganci, mafi sauri, da mafi haɗin kai. Trends sun haɗa da haɓaka VCSELs (Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers) don mafi daidaitaccen sadarwar bayanai mai sauri (misali, a cikin LiDAR da haɗin gwiwar bayanan gani) da haɗa masu fitarwa tare da direbobi da masu gano tare da masu ƙara ƙarfi zuwa ɗayan modules ɗaya. Koyaya, ɓangarorin daban-daban kamar wannan IRED sun kasance masu mahimmanci don ingantaccen tsada, sassauƙan ƙira, da aminci a cikin ɗimbin aikace-aikacen da aka kafa da sababbin, daga kayan lantarki na mabukaci zuwa sarrafa masana'antu da na'urori na IoT. Mayar da hankali kan RoHS da cika Samfurin Kore yana nuna sauyin masana'antu gaba ɗaya zuwa masana'antar da ke da hankali ga muhalli.