Bayanin Fasaha na IR Emitter da Detector LTE-C9501 - Tsawon Ra'ayi 940nm - Halin Gaba na 20mA - Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Gaba na 1.2V - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTE-C9501 wani ɓangare ne na infrared da aka ƙera don ɗimbin aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingantaccen fitarwa da gano infrared. Yana cikin jerin samfuran da ke biyan buƙatun tsarin lantarki na zamani inda babban aiki, ƙaramin fakitin, da dacewa da hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik suke da muhimmanci.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Manufa

Babban fa'idodin wannan ɓangaren sun haɗa da bin ka'idojin RoHS da samfuran kore, yana tabbatar da dacewa da muhalli. Ana ba da shi a cikin kaset mai ɗaukar 12mm akan rillolin diamita 7-inch, wanda ya sa ya dace da kayan aikin sanya atomatik mai sauri da ake amfani da su a cikin layukan haɗa PCB na zamani. An ƙera fakitin kuma ya dace da hanyoyin gishirin reflow na infrared, wanda shine ma'auni na masana'antu don fasahar sanya saman (SMT). Madaidaicin fakitin EIA yana tabbatar da dacewar injiniya tare da sauran ɓangarorin da ɗakunan zance. Ana kaiwa ga kasuwanni kamar na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani don sarrafa nesa, tsarin masana'antu da na kasuwanci don watsa bayanai mara waya ta IR, da tsarin tsaro don aikin ƙararrawa da gano abubuwa.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

Aikin LTE-C9501 an ayyana shi ta hanyar saitin madaidaicin iyaka da cikakkun halaye na lantarki/na gani. Fahimtar waɗannan sigogi yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen zancen da'ira.

2.1 Madaidaicin Iyaka na Cikakke

Waɗannan ƙididdiga sun ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda bayan su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a nufin aiki na al'ada ba ne. Manyan iyakoki sun haɗa da ɓarnawar wutar lantarki na 100 mW, matsakaicin halin gaba na 800 mA a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (300 pps, bugun jini na 10 µs), da ci gaba da halin gaba na DC na 60 mA. Na'urar na iya jure ƙarfin juyawa har zuwa 5V, ko da yake ba a ƙera ta don aikin juyawa ba. An ƙayyade kewayon yanayin aiki daga -40°C zuwa +85°C, tare da faɗaɗa kewayon yanayin ajiya na -55°C zuwa +100°C. Bangaren zai iya jure gishirin reflow na infrared tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 10.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

Waɗannan sigogi, waɗanda aka auna a daidaitaccen yanayin yanayi na 25°C, suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na al'ada. Matsakaicin ƙarfin haske (I_E) ya kewayo daga mafi ƙarancin 1.0 mW/sr zuwa matsakaicin 6.0 mW/sr lokacin da aka tuka shi da halin gaba (I_F) na 20mA. Matsakaicin tsawon ra'ayin fitarwa (λ_p) shine 940 nm, wanda yake cikin kewayon infrared na kusa kuma ba a iya gani da idon ɗan adam. Rabin faɗin layin ra'ayi (Δλ) yawanci shine 50 nm. Ƙarfin gaba (V_F) yawanci shine 1.2V, tare da kewayon daga 1.1V zuwa 1.5V a I_F=20mA. Halin juyawa (I_R) shine matsakaicin 10 µA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin juyawa (V_R) na 5V. Kallon kusurwa (2θ_1/2) shine digiri 20, yana ayyana faɗaɗar kusurwar hasken infrared da aka fitar inda ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar sa akan axis.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Don tabbatar da daidaitaccen aiki a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LTE-C9501 zuwa kwandon daban-daban dangane da ƙarfin haskensa. Wannan yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar ɓangarorin da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun fitarwa don aikace-aikacensu.

3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske (Radiant Intensity Binning)

Jerin lambobin kwandon suna rarraba na'urori zuwa ƙungiyoyi uku dangane da mafi ƙarancin da matsakaicin ƙarfin haskensu da aka auna a I_F=20mA. Kwandon A ya ƙunshi na'urori masu ƙarfi daga 1.0 zuwa 2.0 mW/sr. Kwandon B ya ƙunshi 2.0 zuwa 3.0 mW/sr. Kwandon C ya ƙunshi 3.0 zuwa 6.0 mW/sr. Ana amfani da jurewar +/-15% ga ƙarfin a cikin kowane kwandon. Wannan tsarin rarraba yana taimakawa a aikace-aikacen da daidaitaccen ƙarfin siginar ke da mahimmanci, kamar a cikin hanyoyin haɗin watsa bayanai ko na'urori masu gano kusanci.

4. Bincike na Lankwasa Ayyuka

Bayanan hoto suna ba da haske mai zurfi game da yadda na'urar ke aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban, wanda yake da mahimmanci don ingantaccen tsarin tsarin.

4.1 Rarraba Tsawon Ra'ayi (Spectral Distribution)

Lankwasa rarraba tsawon ra'ayi (Fig.1) yana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin haske a matsayin aikin tsawon ra'ayi. Yana tabbatar da kololuwa a 940 nm da rabin faɗin tsawon ra'ayi na 50 nm, yana nuna faɗin band na hasken infrared da aka fitar. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don dacewa da hankalin tsawon ra'ayi na masu gano hoto masu dacewa da kuma tace hayaniyar hasken yanayi.

4.2 Halin Gaba (I_F) daidai da Yanayin Yanayi (T_A)

Wannan lankwasa (Fig.2) yana kwatanta alaƙa tsakanin halin gaba da aka halatta da yanayin yanayi. Yayin da zafin jiki ya karu, matsakaicin halin gaba da aka halatta yana raguwa saboda iyakokin zafi na haɗin semiconductor. Wannan lankwasa rage ƙima yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da na'urar tana aiki a cikin yankinta na aiki mai aminci (SOA) a ƙarƙashin duk yanayin muhalli.

4.3 Halin Gaba (I_F) daidai da Ƙarfin Gaba (V_F)

Lankwasa halayen IV (Fig.3) yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta da layi tsakanin halin gaba da ƙarfin gaba. Yana taimakawa wajen ƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu don LED. Siffar lankwasa ta al'ada ce don diode, tare da ƙarfin kunna kusan 1V.

4.4 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Haske (Relative Radiant Intensity) daidai da Yanayin Yanayi (T_A) da Halin Gaba (I_F)

Hoto na 4 da 5 suna nuna yadda ƙarfin fitarwa na gani ke canzawa tare da zafin jiki da halin tuƙi. Fitarwa gabaɗaya yana raguwa tare da ƙara zafin jiki (Fig.4) kuma yana ƙaruwa tare da halin tuƙi (Fig.5), ko da yake ba lallai ba ne a layi daya. Waɗannan lankwasanni suna da mahimmanci don rama fitarwa a cikin yanayi masu canjin zafin jiki ko don ƙirar da'irori masu daidaitaccen haske.

4.5 Tsarin Rarraba Haske (Radiation Pattern)

Zanen polar radiation (Fig.6) yana wakiltar kusurwar kallo a zahiri. Ƙarfin yana da mafi girma tare da axis na tsakiya (digiri 0) kuma yana raguwa daidai gwargwado zuwa rabin ƙimarsa a +/-10 digiri daga axis, yana tabbatar da ƙayyadaddun jimlar kusurwar kallo na digiri 20. Wannan tsarin yana da mahimmanci don daidaita gani a cikin tsarin kamar sarrafa nesa ko hanyoyin haɗin bayanai.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin

5.1 Madaidaicin Girman Bayani (Outline Dimensions)

Takardun bayanin yana ba da cikakkun zane-zane na injiniya na ɓangaren. Duk girmansu an ƙayyade su a cikin milimita, tare da daidaitaccen jurewar ±0.1mm sai dai idan an lura da haka. Fakitin shine daidaitaccen siffar EIA tare da ruwa mai tsabta na filastik don fitarwa daga sama.

5.2 Tsarin Gindin Gishiri da Ake Shawarwari (Suggested Soldering Pad Layout)

An ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa (zancen gindin gishiri) don shimfidar PCB. Bin waɗannan girmansu yana tabbatar da ingantaccen samuwar haɗin gishiri yayin reflow, ingantaccen ƙarfin injiniya, da daidaitaccen daidaitawar ɓangaren.

5.3 Madaidaicin Girman Fakitin Kaset da Rilli (Tape and Reel Package Dimensions)

Cikakkun zane-zane suna nuna girmansu na kaset mai ɗauka da rilli mai diamita 7-inch da aka yi amfani da su don sarrafa atomatik. An ƙera aljihunan kaset don riƙe ɓangaren cikin aminci, kuma kaset ɗin murfi na sama yana rufe su. Kowane rilli yana ƙunshe da guda 2000. Fakitin ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA 481-1-A-1994, yana tabbatar da dacewa da daidaitaccen kayan aikin zaɓi da sanya.

6. Jagororin Gishiri da Haɗawa

6.1 Sigogi na Gishirin Reflow

An haɗa shawarar bayanin martaba na reflow na infrared don hanyoyin da ba su da gubar (Pb-free). Manyan sigogi sun haɗa da yankin pre-heat na 150-200°C, lokacin pre-heat na har zuwa dakika 120 matsakaici, matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba, da lokacin da ya wuce wannan kololuwa na dakika 10 matsakaici. Bayanin martaba ya dogara ne akan ma'auni na JEDEC don tabbatar da ingantaccen gishiri ba tare da lalata ɓangaren ba. An jaddada cewa mafi kyawun bayanin martaba na iya bambanta dangane da takamaiman zancen PCB, man gishiri, da tanda da aka yi amfani da su.

6.2 Yanayin Ajiya

Don fakitin da ba a buɗe ba, mai hana danshi tare da busassun abu, ya kamata a adana ɓangarorin a 30°C ko ƙasa da haka da kuma 90% matsakaicin danshi ko ƙasa da haka, tare da lokacin amfani da aka ba da shawarar na shekara guda. Da zarar an buɗe ainihin fakitin, yanayin ajiya bai kamata ya wuce 30°C ko 60% matsakaicin danshi ba. Ya kamata a sake gishiri ɓangarorin da aka cire daga ainihin fakitin su cikin mako guda. Don ajiya mai tsawo a waje da ainihin jakar, ya kamata a adana su a cikin akwati mai rufewa tare da busassun abu ko a cikin desiccator na nitrogen. ɓangarorin da aka adana fiye da mako guda a waje da ainihin fakitin ya kamata a gasa su a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin haɗawa don cire danshin da aka sha da kuma hana "popcorning" yayin reflow.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan tsaftacewa ya zama dole bayan gishiri, ana ba da shawarar kaushi na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol.

6.4 Gishiri da Hannu

Idan ana buƙatar gishiri da hannu tare da ƙarfe, ƙarfen ƙarfen gishiri bai kamata ya wuce 300°C ba, kuma lokacin tuntuɓar ya kamata a iyakance shi zuwa matsakaicin dakika 3 a kowane haɗin gishiri.

7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

LTE-C9501 ya dace don amfani azaman mai fitar da infrared a cikin na'urorin sarrafa nesa don na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani (TVs, tsarin sauti). Hakanan yana dacewa a cikin tsarin watsa bayanai mara waya na IR na ɗan gajeren zango, kamar a wasu hanyoyin haɗin bayanai na gado ko saƙon na'ura mai auna firikwensin sauƙi. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da shi a cikin tsarin ƙararrawa na tsaro a matsayin wani ɓangare na na'urar gano katsewar hasken infrared ko a aikace-aikacen gano kusanci.

7.2 Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su a Zance

Tukin Halin Yanzu:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere ko direban halin yanzu na akai don saita halin gaba (I_F). Kada ku wuce madaidaicin iyaka na DC ko halin bugun jini. Duba lankwasa rage ƙima don aiki mai zafi.
Zancen Gani:Yi la'akari da kusurwar kallo na digiri 20 lokacin ƙirar ruwan tabarau ko masu nuna haske don daidaitawa ko mayar da hankali kan hasken IR. Don karɓa, tabbatar da mai gano hoto mai dacewa (photodiode ko phototransistor) yana da dacewar tsawon ra'ayi a kusa da 940 nm.
Zancen Lantarki:Ko da yake na'urar na iya jure ƙarfin juyawa na 5V, ba a ƙera ta don aiki a cikin juyawa mai juyawa ba. Tabbatar da zancen da'ira suna hana amfani da babban ƙarfin juyawa yayin aiki na al'ada ko wucewa.
Gudanar da Zafi:Tabbatar da shimfidar PCB yana ba da isasshen taimakon zafi, musamman idan ana aiki kusa da madaidaicin ƙididdiga na halin yanzu, don hana zafi da lalacewa da wuri.

7.3 Gargaɗi da Amincewa

Bangaren an yi niyya ne don daidaitaccen kayan aikin lantarki. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amincen da ya fi dacewa inda gazawar za ta iya haifar da rayuwa ko lafiya (misali, jirgin sama, na'urorin likita, tsarin tsaro), takamaiman tuntuba da cancanta sun zama dole. Koyaushe ku bi ƙayyadaddun yanayin ajiya, sarrafawa, da gishiri don kiyaye amincen ɓangaren da aiki.

8. Kwatanta da Bambance-bambancen Fasaha

Yayin da takardun bayanin suka mai da hankali kan ɓangare ɗaya, manyan bambance-bambancen LTE-C9501 a cikin rukuninsa sun haɗa da takamaiman tsawon ra'ayi na 940nm, wanda ke ba da daidaitaccen ma'auni tsakanin ƙarfin fitarwa da dacewa da masu gano hoto na silicon yayin da ba a iya gani fiye da tushen 850nm. Ruwan tabarau mai tsabta (sabanin mai launi) yana haɓaka fitarwar haske. Fakitinsa da dacewa da hanyoyin SMT na atomatik sun sa ya dace da samarwa mai yawa. Samuwar kwandon ƙarfin haske yana ba da damar sassauƙa a zance da inganta farashi dangane da ƙarfin siginar da ake buƙata.

9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

Q: Menene manufar tsawon ra'ayi na 940nm?
A: Hasken infrared na 940nm ba a iya gani da idon ɗan adam, yana mai da shi kyakkyawan aiki a cikin sarrafa nesa da tsarin tsaro. Hakanan ana gano shi yadda ya kamata ta hanyar photodiodes na silicon na gama gari da phototransistors.

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED kai tsaye daga fil ɗin microcontroller na 3.3V ko 5V?
A: A'a. Dole ne ku yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere. Lissafa ƙimar resistor ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F. Misali, tare da wadata na 3.3V, V_F=1.2V, da I_F=20mA: R = (3.3 - 1.2) / 0.02 = 105 Ohms. Yi amfani da ƙimar da ta gaba, kamar 100 Ohms.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin ƙarfin haske (mW/sr) da ƙarfin haske (luminous intensity)?
A: Ƙarfin haske yana auna ƙarfin gani (a cikin watts) kowane kusurwa mai ƙarfi, wanda ya dace da duk tsawon ra'ayi. Ƙarfin haske yana auna ta hanyar hankalin idon ɗan adam kuma ana amfani da shi don haske mai gani. Tunda wannan na'urar IR ce, ƙarfin haske shine ma'aunin daidai.

Q: Me yasa hankalin danshi na ajiya yake da mahimmanci?
A: ɓangarorin SMD da aka lulluɓe da filastik na iya sha danshi daga iska. A lokacin babban zafi na gishirin reflow, wannan danshin da aka kama zai iya yin tururi da sauri, yana haifar da rabuwa a ciki ko fashewa ("popcorning"), wanda zai iya lalata na'urar. Ingantaccen ajiya da gasa suna hana wannan.

10. Misalai na Zance da Amfani na Aiki

Misali na 1: Mai Watsa IR Mai Sauƙi don Sarrafa Nesa:Haɗa LTE-C9501 tare da IC modulation na 38kHz (ko microcontroller da ke samar da siginar PWM na 38kHz) da maɓallin transistor. Resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu yana saita I_Fzuwa 20-40mA don ingantaccen kewayon. Hasken digiri 20 yana ba da yanki mai ma'ana na ɗaukar hoto don nuna nesa ga na'ura.

Misali na 2: Na'urar Gano Kusanci ta IR:Sanya mai fitar da LTE-C9501 da phototransistor mai dacewa a gefe ɗaya, suna fuskantar hanya ɗaya. Abu da ke wucewa a gaba zai nuna hasken IR zuwa mai gano. Yi amfani da aikin bugun jini na mai fitarwa da gano aiki tare a cikin da'irar mai karɓa don ƙin hasken yanayi. Tsarin rarraba yana ba da damar zaɓar mai fitarwa tare da isasshen fitarwa don nisan ganewa da ake buƙata.

Misali na 3: Hanyar Haɗin Bayanai:Don sauƙaƙan watsa bayanai a kan tazara, tuƙi LED tare da siginar bayanai ta hanyar da'irar haɓaka halin yanzu. Babban ƙarfin gudu na kayan semiconductor na asali (wanda aka nuna ta hanyar bayanin jerin samfur) yana goyan bayan modulation don bayanai. Za a yi amfani da photodiode mai dacewa tare da amplifier na transimpedance a ƙarshen mai karɓa.

11. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki

LTE-C9501, a matsayin mai fitar da infrared, diode ne mai fitar da haske (LED). Asalinsa shine guntu na semiconductor, yawanci ana yin shi daga Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) don fitarwa na 940nm. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin gaba a kan haɗin P-N, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke ciki (bandgap) na semiconductor yana ƙayyade tsawon ra'ayi na hasken da aka fitar, wanda a wannan yanayin shine 940nm, a cikin yankin infrared. Fakitin epoxy mai tsabta yana ɗauke da guntun, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, kuma ya haɗa da ruwan tabarau wanda ke siffanta hasken da aka fitar zuwa ƙayyadaddun tsarin kusurwar kallo na digiri 20.

12. Trends da Mahallin Fasaha

ɓangarorin infrared daban-daban kamar LTE-C9501 sun kasance ginshiƙan gini na asali a cikin lantarki. Manyan trends da ke tasiri wannan fannin sun haɗa da ci gaba da buƙatar ƙananan ƙira da haɗin kai mafi girma, wanda ke haifar da fakitin haɗin gwiwa waɗanda zasu iya haɗawa da mai fitarwa da mai gano a cikin gida ɗaya. Hakanan akwai yunƙuri zuwa ga inganci mafi girma (ƙarin fitarwa na gani kowane shigarwar lantarki) da sauri mafi girma don saurin watsa bayanai. Karɓar hanyoyin samarwa marasa gubar (Pb-free) da masu bin RoHS, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wannan ɓangaren, yanzu ma'auni ne na duniya. Bugu da ƙari, dacewa da zaɓi-da-sanya atomatik da gishirin reflow yana da mahimmanci don samarwa mai yawa mai inganci. Yayin da da'irori na musamman na aikace-aikace (ASICs) da ɓangarorin ke zama ruwan dare gama gari, ɓangarorin daban-daban suna ba da sassauƙa a zance, fa'idodin farashi a ma'auni, kuma galibi su ne mafita da aka fi so don zancen gani na al'ada ko ingantacce.