Bayanin Kayan Aikin LTE-C9501-E-T Mai Fitowa da Gano Infrared - Tsawon Tsinkayar 940nm - Kallon Kwanar 20 - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin infrared (IR) da aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen hawa sama (surface-mount). Na'urar tana haɗa aikin mai fitar da infrared da na mai gano infrared, tana nufin magungunan da ke buƙatar amintaccen watsa da karɓar siginar IR. Babban fa'idodinsa sun haɗa da dacewa da hanyoyin haɗa kayan atomatik, bin ka'idojin RoHS da samfuran kore, da kuma dacewa da samar da yawa ta hanyar haɗa ta infrared reflow. Kasuwannin da ake nufi sun haɗa da na'urorin lantarki na gida don tsarin sarrafa nesa, aikace-aikacen masana'antu don watsa bayanai mara waya, da tsarin tsaro don ayyukan ƙararrawa da hankali.

Aikin yau da kullun ana auna shi a TA=25°C sai dai idan an nuna wani abu.

2.1 Ƙayyadaddun Iyaka na Cikakke

Duk ƙayyadaddun an ƙayyade su a yanayin zafi (TA) na 25°C. Wucewa waɗannan iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):Matsakaicin 100 mW.
• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Halin Yanzu na Lokaci (IFP):Matsakaicin 800 mA a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (pulsed conditions) (300 pps, 10 μs faɗin bugun).
• Ƙarfin Halin Yanzu na DC (IF):Matsakaicin 60 mA na ci gaba da halin yanzu.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya (VR):Matsakaicin 5 V.
• Kewayon Yanayin Zafi na Aiki (Topr):-40°C zuwa +85°C.
• Kewayon Yanayin Zafi na Ajiya (Tstg):-55°C zuwa +100°C.
• Yanayin Haɗa ta Infrared:Matsakaicin zafi na kololuwa na 260°C na tsawon dakika 10.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

Typical performance is measured at TA=25°C unless otherwise noted.

• Ƙarfin Haske (I_E):Ya bambanta daga 1.0 zuwa 6.0 mW/sr a ƙarfin halin yanzu (I_F) na 20mA. Ƙimar daidai ana ƙayyade ta ta lambar rarrabuwa (bin code).
• Tsawon Tsinkayar Fitowa (λ_p):940 nm (na yau da kullun). Wannan tsawon tsinkaya yana cikin kewayon infrared na kusa, ba a iya ganinsa da idon ɗan adam, wanda ya sa ya dace don sarrafa nesa da hanyoyin haɗin bayanai.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Tsinkaya (Δλ):50 nm (na yau da kullun). Wannan ma'auni yana bayyana faɗin kewayon tsinkaya na hasken IR da ake fitarwa.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):1.2V na yau da kullun, tare da kewayon 1.1V zuwa 1.5V a I_F=20mA.
• Ƙarfin Halin Yanzu na Baya (I_R):Matsakaicin 10 μA a ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya (V_R) na 5V.
• Kwanar Kallo (2θ_1/2):Digiri 20. Wannan shine cikakken kwanar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar da ke tsakiyar axis (0°). Ƙaramin kwanar kallo yana haifar da ƙarin haske mai jagora.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Ana rarraba na'urori zuwa rukunoni (bins) bisa ga ƙarfin hasken da aka auna a daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na I_F=20mA. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar kayan aiki masu daidaitaccen fitowar gani don aikace-aikacensu.

• BIN A:Ƙarfin Haske daga 1.0 mW/sr (Ƙarami) zuwa 2.0 mW/sr (Mafi girma).
• BIN B:Ƙarfin Haske daga 2.0 mW/sr (Ƙarami) zuwa 3.0 mW/sr (Mafi girma).
• BIN C:Ƙarfin Haske daga 3.0 mW/sr (Ƙarami) zuwa 6.0 mW/sr (Mafi girma).

Tolerance na +/-15% ya shafi ƙarfin haske a cikin kowane rukuni. Babu wani rarrabuwa daban don tsawon tsinkaya ko ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba da aka nuna a cikin wannan takardar bayanan.

4. Binciken Maƙallan Aiki

Takardar bayanan tana ba da jadawali da yawa masu mahimmanci don ƙira da'ira da fahimtar halayen na'ura a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Rarraba Tsinkaya (Spectral Distribution)

Hoto na 1 yana nuna ƙarfin haske mai dangi daidai da tsawon tsinkaya. Maƙallan yana tsakiya a 940 nm tare da rabin faɗi na yau da kullun na 50 nm, yana tabbatar da tsabtar tsinkaya na hasken infrared da ake fitarwa.

4.2 Ƙarfin Halin Yanzu (Forward Current) daidai da Yanayin Yanayi (Ambient Temperature)

Hoto na 2 yana kwatanta raguwar matsakaicin ƙarfin halin yanzu da aka yarda yayin da yanayin zafi ya ƙaru. Ƙimar halin yanzu tana raguwa a layi daya daga matsakaicinta a ƙananan yanayin zafi zuwa sifili a matsakaicin zafi na haɗin gwiwa, yana tabbatar da aiki mai aminci ta hanyar hana yawan zafi.

4.3 Ƙarfin Halin Yanzu (Forward Current) daidai da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (Forward Voltage)

Hoto na 3 yana nuna maƙallan IV (Current-Voltage). Yana nuna alaƙar exponential na yau da kullun na diode, tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba yana da ɗan kwanciya (kusan 1.2V) a kan faɗin kewayon halin yanzu na aiki.

4.4 Ƙarfin Haske Mai Dangi (Relative Radiant Intensity) daidai da Yanayin Yanayi da Ƙarfin Halin Yanzu

Hotuna na 4 da 5 suna nuna yadda ƙarfin fitowar gani ke canzawa tare da zafi da ƙarfin tuƙi. Fitowa yawanci tana raguwa yayin da zafi ya tashi (Hoto na 4) kuma yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi tare da ƙarfin halin yanzu na gaba (Hoto na 5), yana nuna mahimmancin daidaitaccen ƙarfin tuƙi da sarrafa zafi don daidaitaccen aiki.

4.5 Tsarin Bazuwar Haske (Radiation Pattern)

Hoto na 6 zane ne na bazuwar haske (polar radiation diagram) wanda ke nuna rarraba sararin samaniya na hasken da aka fitar. Tsarin yana tabbatar da kwanar kallo na digiri 20, tare da ƙarfin haske yana raguwa zuwa 50% a +/-10 digiri daga tsakiyar axis.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin Samfur

5.1 Girman Tsari (Outline Dimensions)

Kayan aikin yana cikin daidaitaccen kunshin EIA. An ba da cikakkun girmansu a cikin zane-zanen takardar bayanan, tare da tolerance na gabaɗaya na ±0.1mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade wani abu. Kunshin yana da ruwa mai tsabta na filastik tare da tsarin kallon sama (top-view).

5.2 Tsarin Filin Haɗa da aka Shawarta

An ba da shawarar tsarin filin haɗa don ƙira PCB, tare da girma na 1.0mm x 1.8mm don filayen haɗa. An inganta wannan tsari don amintaccen haɗawa da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya yayin aikin reflow.

5.3 Gano Ƙarshen Lantarki (Polarity Identification)

Alamomin ƙarshen lantarki na diode na yau da kullun suna aiki. Yawanci ana nuna cathode akan kunshin. Dole ne masu ƙira su tuntubi cikakken zanen tsari don ainihin tsarin alama don tabbatar da daidaitaccen alkibla yayin haɗawa.

6. Jagororin Haɗawa da Haɗa Kayan

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Haɗa ta Hanyar Zafi (Reflow Soldering Profile)

An haɗa shawarar bayanin reflow na infrared don hanyoyin marasa gubar (Pb-free). Manyan ma'auni sun haɗa da:

• Pre-heat:150-200°C.
• Lokacin Pre-heat:Matsakaicin dakika 120.
• Matsakaicin Zafi:Matsakaicin 260°C.
• Lokacin Sama da Liquidus:Matsakaicin dakika 10 (ana ba da shawara don matsakaicin sake zagayowar reflow guda biyu).

Bayanin ya dogara ne akan ma'auni na JEDEC don tabbatar da amincin kayan aiki. Takardar bayanan ta jaddada cewa mafi kyawun bayanin ya dogara da takamaiman ƙira PCB, man haɗa, da tanda, don haka ana ba da shawarar siffanta matakin allon.

6.2 Haɗa da Hannu (Hand Soldering)

Idan haɗa da hannu ya zama dole, yi amfani da ƙarfe mai haɗa (soldering iron) a matsakaicin zafi na 300°C ba fiye da dakika 3 a kowane haɗin gwiwa ba. A guji yin amfani da matsi na injiniya mai yawa akan kayan aikin.

6.3 Yanayin Ajiya

Ajiya da kyau yana da mahimmanci don iya haɗawa:

• Kunshin da aka Rufe:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤90% RH. Yi amfani da shi cikin shekara guda bayan buɗe jakar shinge na danshi.
• Kunshin da aka Buɗe:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Ya kamata a sake haɗa kayan aikin cikin mako guda. Don ajiya mai tsawo, yi amfani da akwati da aka rufe tare da desiccant ko yanayin nitrogen. Kayan aikin da aka ajiye daga ainihin jakar fiye da mako guda suna buƙatar gasa a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin haɗawa.

6.4 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan haɗawa, yi amfani da kaushi na barasa kawai kamar isopropyl alcohol. A guji amfani da masu tsaftacewa masu ƙarfi ko na ruwa waɗanda zasu iya lalata kunshin filastik ko ruwan tabarau.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Rili (Tape and Reel)

Ana ba da kayan aikin a cikin kaset mai ɗaukar 8mm akan rili mai diamita inci 7, wanda ya dace da daidaitattun kayan aikin zaɓe da sanyawa ta atomatik. Kowane rili yana ɗauke da guda 2000. Kunshin ya yi daidai da ma'auni na ANSI/EIA 481-1-A-1994.

7.2 Bayanin Lambar Samfur (Model Number Breakdown)

Lambar sashi LTE-C9501-E-T tana gano wannan bambance-bambancen na musamman. Maɓallan "E" da "T" suna nuna takamaiman rarrabuwa (binning), kunshin (Tape & Reel), ko wasu bambance-bambancen samfur bisa ga tsarin lambobin cikin masana'anta.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Yawanci transistor ko takamaiman IC mai tuƙi ne ke tuka mai fitar da IR don samar da ƙarfin halin yanzu da ake buƙata (misali, don lambobin sarrafa nesa). Resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere ya zama dole don saita ƙarfin halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) zuwa ƙimar da ake so, ana ƙididdige shi ta amfani da (Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki - V_F) / I_F. Bangaren mai gano, idan an haɗa photodiode ko phototransistor, za a haɗa shi a cikin tsari mai karkatar da baya tare da resistor mai ɗaukar kaya don canza halin yanzu na gani zuwa ƙarfin wutar lantarki da za a iya aunawa.

8.2 Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su Lokacin Ƙira

• Ƙarfin Tuƙi:Yi aiki a cikin Ƙayyadaddun Iyaka na Cikakke. Don ci gaba da aiki, kar a wuce 60mA DC. Don aikin bugun jini (pulsed operation) (kamar sarrafa nesa), ƙarin halin yanzu na kololuwa har zuwa 800mA sun halatta, wanda ke ƙara ƙarfin fitowar gani na nan take da kewayon watsawa sosai.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Dole ne a mutunta ƙimar rushewar wutar lantarki na 100mW. A kan PCB, tabbatar da isasshen yanki na jan ƙarfe a kusa da filayen haɗa don zama mai kwantar da zafi, musamman lokacin aiki kusa da matsakaicin ƙayyadaddun.
• Hanyar Gani:Kwanar kallo na digiri 20 yana da ɗan ƙunci. Daidaita mai fitarwa da mai gano daidai. Guji cikas da kuma yin la'akari da amfani da ruwan tabarau ko bututun haske idan ana buƙatar wani tsarin haske daban.
• Ƙin Hasken Yanayi:Don aikace-aikacen mai gano, matsakaicin hankali na 940nm yana taimakawa wajen ƙin hayaniyar haske da ake iya gani. Don yanayi masu ƙarfin tushen IR (kamar hasken rana ko kwan fitila), ƙarin tacewa ta gani ko dabarun gano siginar da aka daidaita (AC-coupled) na iya zama dole don inganta rabon siginar zuwa hayaniya.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da LED na IR na gabaɗaya, wannan kayan aikin yana ba da fa'idodi na musamman: dacewarsa da sanyawa ta atomatik da haɗa ta infrared reflow yana sauƙaƙa samar da yawa. Samuwa a cikin rukunoni masu ƙarfi (A, B, C) yana ba da damar daidaitaccen ƙira. Tsawon tsinkaya na 940nm ƙa'ida ce ta gama gari don sarrafa nesa na mabukaci, yana tabbatar da dacewa da ɗimbin masu karɓa. Haɗa cikakkun bayanan haɗawa da jagororin ajiya yana nuna mai da hankali kan ƙira don samarwa.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin Ƙarfin Haske (mW/sr) da Ƙarfin Haskakawa (mcd)?

A: Ƙarfin Haske yana auna jimlar ƙarfin gani da ake fitarwa a kowane kusurwa mai ƙarfi, wanda ya shafi na'urorin IR. Ƙarfin Haskakawa yana auna haske da idon ɗan adam ke gani, wanda aka auna ta hanyar maƙallan amsawar gani (photopic response curve), kuma ana amfani da shi don LED masu gani. Ga wannan na'urar IR, Ƙarfin Haske shine ma'auni daidai.

Q: Zan iya amfani da wannan don watsa bayanai na ci gaba?

A: I, amma dole ne ku yi aiki a cikin iyakar ƙarfin halin yanzu na DC na 60mA. Don watsa sauri ko nisa, aikin bugun jini (pulsed operation) (a cikin matsakaicin ƙimar kololuwa na 800mA) ya fi tasiri, saboda yana ba da damar samun ƙarfin gani na nan take mafi girma.

Q: Ta yaya zan zaɓi BIN daidai?

A: Zaɓi bisa ga ƙarfin gani da ake buƙata don kasafin kuɗin hanyar haɗin ku. BIN C (3-6 mW/sr) yana ba da fitowar mafi girma da kewayon mafi tsawo. BIN A ko B na iya isa don aikace-aikacen ɗan gajeren zango kuma na iya zama mai inganci.

Q: Shin ana buƙatar ruwan tabarau na waje?

A: Na'urar tana da ruwan tabarau na ciki wanda ke ba da haske na digiri 20. Yawanci ba a buƙatar ruwan tabarau na waje sai dai idan kuna buƙatar daidaita haske (ƙaramin kwanar) ko mayar da hankali.

11. Nazarin Aikin Ƙira na Aiki

Yanayi:Ƙirar mai watsa sarrafa nesa mai sauƙi na infrared don kayan aikin gida.

Matakan Ƙira:

1. Zaɓin Kayan Aiki:Zaɓi wannan mai fitar da IR (misali, BIN C don kyakkyawan kewayon).

2. Da'irar Tuƙi:Yi amfani da filin GPIO na microcontroller don samar da siginar mai ɗaukar kaya da aka daidaita (misali, 38kHz). Wannan siginar tana tuƙa transistor (misali, NPN) a cikin tsarin canji. Mai tattara transistor an haɗa shi da anode na mai fitar da IR, kuma an haɗa cathode da ƙasa. Resistor a jere tare da mai fitarwa yana saita halin yanzu: R = (Vcc - V_CE(sat)- V_F) / I_F. Da'awar Vcc=3.3V, V_CE(sat)=0.2V, V_F=1.2V, da I_F da ake so =100mA (bugun jini), R = (3.3 - 0.2 - 1.2) / 0.1 = 19Ω (yi amfani da resistor na yau da kullun na 20Ω). Tabbatar cewa transistor zai iya ɗaukar matsakaicin halin yanzu.

3. Tsarin PCB:Sanya mai fitarwa a gefen PCB. Yi amfani da girma na filin haɗa da aka shawarta. Kawo ɗan ƙaramin yanki na jan ƙarfe don kawar da zafi.

4. Gwaji:Tabbatar da fitarwa ta amfani da na'urar karɓar IR ko kyamara na dijital (wanda zai iya ganin hasken 940nm a matsayin haske mai launin shuɗi).

12. Ka'idar Aiki

Na'urar tana aiki bisa ka'idar electroluminescence don sashin mai fitarwa. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin halin yanzu na gaba zuwa guntu na semiconductor (mai yiwuwa ya dogara ne akan GaAs don fitarwa na 940nm), electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a yankin aiki, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske) a tsawon tsinkaya daidai da ƙarfin bandgap na kayan (940nm). Sashin mai gano, idan yana nan, yana aiki bisa ka'idar tasirin gani (photoelectric effect). Photons na infrared masu isasshen makamashi suna haifar da nau'i-nau'i na electron-rami a cikin semiconductor, suna haifar da halin yanzu na gani lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai karkatar da baya. Wannan halin yanzu yana daidai da ƙarfin hasken IR mai shigowa.

13. Trends na Masana'antu

Kasuwannin kayan aikin IR na keɓance suna ci gaba da kwanciyar hankali, wanda aikace-aikace da aka kafa ke motsa su kamar sarrafa nesa, hankali na kusanci, da canjin gani. Trends sun haɗa da haɗa masu fitar da IR da masu gano zuwa cikin ƙarin rukunoni masu rikitarwa tare da masu tuƙi da dabaru na ciki (misali, na'urori masu hankali na kusanci tare da fitarwa na I2C). Har ila yau, akwai ci gaba da turawa don ƙarin inganci (ƙarin fitowar haske a kowane mA na ƙarfin tuƙi) da ƙananan girman kunshin don dacewa da ƙarin ƙananan na'urorin mabukaci. Ƙarfafa bin ka'idojin RoHS da samar da kore, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wannan takardar bayanan, ƙa'ida ce ta masana'antu ta duniya.