LTE-3273DL Mai Fitowa da Gano Infrared - Tsawon Ra'ayi 940nm - Kunshin 5mm - Ƙarfin Gaba 1.6V - Ragewar Ƙarfi 150mW - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTE-3273DL wani kayan aikin infrared ne mai banƙyama wanda ya haɗa mai fitowa da mai gano. An tsara shi don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amintaccen watsa da karɓar siginar infrared. Tsarin na'urar ya dogara ne akan fasahar Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), wanda shine ma'auni don samar da ingantaccen fitar da hasken infrared a tsawon ra'ayi na 940nm. Wannan tsawon ra'ayi ya dace da na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani saboda idon ɗan adam ba ya gani amma ana iya gano shi cikin sauƙi ta hanyar na'urorin gano haske na silicon, wanda ke rage tsangwama na hasken muhalli.

Babban aikin kayan aikin shine ya zama mai watsawa a cikin hanyoyin haɗin bayanai na IR masu sauƙi. Tsarinsa ya jaddada daidaito tsakanin aiki da ingancin farashi, wanda ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke da yawa, masu mahimmanci na farashi. Kunshin shuɗi mai gani yana taimakawa wajen gano nau'in kayan aikin kuma yana ba da damar hasken IR na 940nm ya wuce tare da ƙarancin raguwa.

1.1 Siffofi

• An inganta don Babban Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki, Ƙarancin Ƙarfin Gaba:An ƙera shi don yin aiki yadda ya kamata a manyan igiyoyin kuzari yayin da yake riƙe da ƙaramin faɗuwar wutar lantarki, wanda ke taimakawa wajen rage amfani da wutar lantarki a cikin na'urorin da ake amfani da baturi.
• Ƙarfin Aikin Bugun Jini:Yana iya ɗaukar manyan igiyoyin gaba na kololuwa (har zuwa 2A) a yanayin bugun jini, yana ba da damar ƙirƙirar ƙaƙƙarfan fashewar IR na ɗan gajeren lokaci wanda ya dace da umarnin sarrafa nesa ko watsa bayanai.
• Faɗin Kallon Kallo (45° rabin kusurwa):Yana ba da tsarin fitarwa da gano mai faɗi, yana sa daidaitawa tsakanin mai watsawa da mai karɓa ya zama ƙasa da mahimmanci kuma yana ƙara ƙarfin tsarin.
• Kunshin Shuɗi Mai Gani:Gidan yana da launin shuɗi, wanda ke aiki azaman tace haske mai gani, yana rage hankali ga hasken muhalli mai gani kuma yana inganta ma'auni na sigina zuwa hayaniya don mai gano IR.

1.2 Aikace-aikace

• Na'urori masu auna Infrared:Ana amfani da su a cikin na'urori masu auna kusanci, gano abu, da mutum-mutumi masu bin layi.
• Sarrafa Nesa:Madaidaicin kayan aiki a cikin TV, tsarin sauti, da sarrafa nesa na akwatin saiti don watsa umarni.
• Hanyoyin Haɗin Bayanai na IR Masu Sauƙi:Don sadarwar mara waya ta ɗan gajeren zango, ƙananan gudu tsakanin na'urori.
• Tsarin Tsaro:Ana iya amfani da su a cikin na'urorin gano kutsawa ta hanyar katse katako.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Manufa

2.1 Cikakkun Iyakokin Iyaka

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a ba da shawarar yin aiki a ko kusa da waɗannan iyakokin na tsawon lokaci.

• Ragewar Ƙarfi (Pd): 150 mW:Matsakaicin jimlar ƙarfin (daga duka na'urorin fitarwa da na'urorin gano) wanda za a iya watsar da shi cikin aminci azaman zafi ta hanyar kunshin a yanayin zafin muhalli (TA) na 25°C. Wucewa wannan na iya haifar da zafi da gazawa.
• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Gaba (I_FP): 2 A:Matsakaicin ƙarfin da aka yarda da shi ta hanyar diode mai fitar da IR a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (bugun jini 300 a kowace dakika, faɗin bugun jini 10μs). Wannan yana ba da damar ƙaƙƙarfan walƙiya na IR.
• Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Gaba (I_F): 100 mA:Matsakaicin ƙarfin DC wanda zai iya gudana ta hanyar mai fitarwa ci gaba. Don aikin yau da kullun, tuƙi a 20-50mA ya zama gama gari.
• Ƙarfin Juyawa (V_R): 5 V:Matsakaicin ƙarfin juyawa-juyawa wanda za'a iya amfani da shi a kan diode mai fitarwa kafin rushewar ta faru. Wannan yana da ƙasa kaɗan, don haka dole ne a kula don guje wa haɗin polarity na baya.
• Yanayin Aiki & Ajiya:An ƙididdige su daga -40°C zuwa +85°C da -55°C zuwa +100°C bi da bi, yana nuna dacewa ga yanayin masana'antu da na masu amfani.
• Zafin Solder na Jagora: 260°C na dakika 5:Ya ƙayyade iyakar bayanin solder na sake kunnawa, mai mahimmanci ga haɗin PCB ba tare da lalata kayan aikin ba.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki & Na Gani

Waɗannan su ne ma'auni na aikin da aka garant a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji a 25°C.

• Ƙarfin Radiant (I_E):Yana auna ƙarfin fitarwa na gani kowane kusurwa mai ƙarfi (mW/sr). A I_F=20mA, yawanci 8.0 mW/sr ne (m 5.6). A I_F=100mA, yana tsalle zuwa 40.0 mW/sr (m 28.0). Wannan ƙarin mara layi yana nuna inganci mafi girma a manyan igiyoyin ruwa cikin iyakoki.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Ra'ayi na Fitowa (λ_P): 940 nm:Tsawon ra'ayin da mai fitarwa ke fitar da mafi yawan ƙarfin gani. Wannan ya dace da mafi girman hankali na photodiodes na silicon kuma yana waje da bakan gani.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ): 50 nm:Faɗin band na hasken da aka fitar. Ƙimar 50nm tana nuna hasken ba ya da launi ɗaya amma ya faɗo daga kusan 915nm zuwa 965nm a rabin ƙarfin kololuwa.
• Ƙarfin Gaba (V_F):Faɗuwar wutar lantarki a kan diode mai fitarwa lokacin gudanarwa. Yawanci 1.6V ne a 50mA da 2.3V a 500mA. Wannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar da'irar tuƙi mai iyakancewa.
• Ƙarfin Juyawa (I_R): 100 μA max:Ƙananan ƙarfin ɗigon ruwa wanda ke gudana lokacin da diode ke juyawa-juyawa a 5V. Ƙimar ƙasa tana da kyawawa.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2): 45°:Cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin radiant ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwa. Wannan yana ayyana mazugi na fitarwa/ganowa.

3. Bincike na Madaidaicin Aiki

Takardun bayanai yana ba da jadawali da yawa da ke kwatanta mahimman alaƙa. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba daidai ba.

3.1 Rarraba Bakan (Hoto.1)

Wannan lanƙwasa yana zana alaƙar ƙarfin radiant dangane da tsawon ra'ayi. Yana tabbatar da kololuwa a 940nm da kusan rabin faɗin bakan na 50nm. Siffar tana da halayen GaAs IRED.

3.2 Ƙarfin Gaba vs. Yanayin Yanayi (Hoto.2)

Wannan jadawali yana nuna raguwar matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba na ci gaba da aka yarda da shi yayin da yanayin yanayi ke ƙaruwa. Sama da 25°C, dole ne a rage matsakaicin ƙarfin don hana wuce iyakar raguwar ƙarfin 150mW, saboda ikon kayan aikin na kawar da zafi yana raguwa.

3.3 Ƙarfin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Gaba (Hoto.3)

Madaidaicin halayen IV na diode mai fitarwa. Yana da ma'ana kamar diode na yau da kullun. Lanƙwasa yana ba masu ƙira damar tantance ƙarfin tuƙi da ake buƙata don ƙarfin aiki da ake so, musamman ma mahimmanci ga tsarin baturi na ƙarancin wutar lantarki.

3.4 Dangantakar Ƙarfin Radiant vs. Yanayin Yanayi (Hoto.4) & vs. Ƙarfin Gaba (Hoto.5)

Hoto na 4 yana nuna cewa ƙarfin fitarwa na gani yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya karu (ma'auni mara kyau na zafin jiki), wanda dole ne a biya diyya a cikin ƙira masu buƙatar ingantaccen aiki a kan faɗin yanayin zafi. Hoto na 5 yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta dace ba tsakanin ƙarfin tuƙi da fitarwa na haske, yana nuna ƙaruwar inganci har zuwa wani lokaci kafin yuwuwar jikewa ko tasirin zafi.

3.5 Zanen Radiation (Hoto.6)

Zanen polar wanda ke kwatanta rarraba sararin samaniya na hasken IR da aka fitar. Zanen ya tabbatar da faɗin rabin kusurwa na 45° a zahiri, yana nuna ƙarfi da aka daidaita zuwa kololuwa a 0°.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

4.1 Girman Zane

Kayan aikin yana da daidaitaccen kunshin radial mai jagora na 5mm. Manyan girma sun haɗa da diamita na jiki kusan 5mm, matsakaicin tazarar jagora na 2.54mm (0.1\") inda jagororin suka fito daga jiki, da tsayin gabaɗaya. Flange a gindin yana taimakawa wajen sanyawa yayin haɗin PCB. An ƙayyade resin da aka fitar a ƙarƙashin flange ya zama matsakaicin 0.5mm. Filin lebur a gefen ruwan tabarau yawanci yana nuna cathode (maras kyau) jagora ga sashin mai fitarwa.

4.2 Gano Polarity

Ga sashin mai fitarwa, dogon jagora yawanci shine anode (tabbatacce). Sashin mai gano (photodiode) a cikin kunshin ɗaya zai kasance yana da nasa anode da cathode. Zanen pinout na takardun bayanai yana da mahimmanci don haɗin daidai. Rashin daidaiton polarity na iya lalata diode mai fitarwa idan ƙarfin juyawa ya wuce 5V.

5. Jagororin Solder da Taro

• Solder na sake kunnawa:Matsakaicin ƙimar iyaka don solder jagora shine 260°C na dakika 5, wanda aka auna 1.6mm daga jikin kunshin. Wannan ya yi daidai da madaidaitan bayanan sake kunnawa marasa jagora (zafin kololuwa ~250°C).
• Solder na Hannu:Idan solder na hannu ya zama dole, yi amfani da ƙarfe mai sarrafa zafin jiki kuma a rage lokacin tuntuɓar zuwa ƙasa da dakika 3 kowane jagora don hana lalacewar zafi ga die semiconductor na ciki da kunshin filastik.
• Tsaftacewa:Yi amfani da kaushi masu tsaftacewa masu dacewa waɗanda suka dace da resin na epoxy shuɗi mai gani na kunshin.
• Yanayin Ajiya:Ajiye a cikin busasshiyar yanayi, anti-static a cikin ƙayyadaddun kewayon zafin jiki (-55°C zuwa +100°C) don hana ɗaukar danshi (wanda zai iya haifar da \"popcorning\" yayin sake kunnawa) da lalacewar fitarwa na electrostatic.

6. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da La'akari da Ƙira

6.1 Daidaitawar Da'ira ta Yau da Kullun

Ga mai fitarwa: Ana amfani da resistor na jerin sauƙi don iyakance ƙarfin gaba. An ƙididdige ƙimar resistor kamar R = (V_CC- V_F) / I_F. Misali, tare da wadata 5V, V_F=1.6V, da kuma so I_F=20mA, R = (5 - 1.6) / 0.02 = 170Ω. Ana sanya transistor (NPN ko N-channel MOSFET) sau da yawa a cikin jerin don sauya ƙarfin wuta/kashe ta hanyar microcontroller.

Ga mai gano (photodiode): Yawanci ana aiki da shi a cikin yanayin hasken rana (sifili bias) ko yanayin photoconductive (juyawa bias). Don sauƙin gano dijital, ana iya haɗa photodiode a cikin jerin tare da resistor nauyi. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki a wannan resistor yana canzawa tare da hasken IR da ya faru, wanda za'a iya ciyar da shi cikin mai kwatanta ko amplifier.

6.2 La'akari da Ƙira

• Rashin hana hayaniya:Tsawon ra'ayi na 940nm da tace shuɗi suna taimakawa, amma hasken muhalli daga hasken rana ko fitilun fluorescent (waɗanda ke ɗauke da IR) na iya haifar da tsangwama. Yin amfani da siginar IR da aka daidaita (misali, 38kHz mai ɗaukar kaya) da mai karɓa mai rushewar IC shine daidaitaccen hanyar don cimma babban rashin hana hayaniya.
• Tuƙi na Yanzu:Don aikin bugun jini kusa da kololuwar 2A, tabbatar da cewa transistor mai tuƙi zai iya ɗaukar ƙarfin kuma cewa alamun PCB suna da faɗi isa don guje wa faɗuwar wutar lantarki mai yawa.
• Hanyar Gani:Kiyaye ruwan tabarau da tsafta kuma ba tare da cikas ba. Faɗin kusurwar dubawa yana sauƙaƙa daidaitawa amma yana rage matsakaicin kewayon idan aka kwatanta da ƙunƙun katako. Don tsayin dogon zango, yi la'akari da ƙara ruwan tabarau mai sauƙi.
• Gudanar da Thermal:Lokacin aiki a manyan igiyoyin ci gaba ko a cikin manyan yanayin yanayi, tabbatar da isasshen iska a kusa da kayan aikin don ci gaba da kasancewa cikin iyakokin raguwar wutar lantarki.

7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun LED na IR na 940nm, LTE-3273DL ya haɗa mai gano, yana adana sararin allo a aikace-aikacen mai watsawa. Idan aka kwatanta da phototransistors masu sauri, photodiode da aka haɗa yana ba da lokutan amsa masu sauri, masu dacewa da watsa bayanai da aka daidaita. Ƙarfinsa na ƙarfin bugun jini (2A) shine babban fa'ida akan yawancin LED na IR na asali, yana ba da damar ƙaƙƙarfan sigina. Haɗin siffofi (babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki, faɗin kusurwa, mai gano ya haɗa) a cikin kunshin mai arha yana sanya shi da kyau ga kasuwannin sarrafa nesa da hankali na masu amfani.

8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan mai fitar da IR kai tsaye daga filin GPIO na microcontroller?

A: A'a. Filin GPIO na yau da kullun zai iya fitarwa/karkatar da 20-50mA kawai, wanda zai iya zama a babban iyaka, kuma ba zai iya ba da jujjuyawar wutar lantarki da ake buƙata don ~1.6V V ba_F. Koyaushe yi amfani da transistor azaman maɓalli.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin ƙarfin radiant (mW/sr) da jimlar ƙarfin fitarwa (mW)?

A> Ƙarfin Radiant shine yawa na kusurwa. Jimlar ƙarfin zai buƙaci haɗa ƙarfi a kan dukan yanayin fitarwa. Ga mai fitarwa mai faɗi kamar wannan, jimlar ƙarfin ya fi ƙimar ƙarfi sosai.

Q: Ta yaya zan haɗa fitarwar photodiode zuwa shigarwar dijital?

A: Fitarwar ƙarfin photodiode ƙanƙanta ce. Kuna buƙatar amplifier na transimpedance don canza shi zuwa wutar lantarki, sannan mai kwatanta don ƙirƙirar siginar dijital. Don sauƙin gano kunna/kashe tare da kasancewar hasken muhalli, ana ba da shawarar ƙaƙƙarfan na'urar karɓar IR (tare da gina amplifier, tacewa, da demodulator) maimakon amfani da photodiode ɗin danye.

Q: Me yasa ƙimar ƙarfin juyawa kawai 5V?

A> Wannan shine na yau da kullun ga diodes masu fitar da IR na GaAs. Kayan semiconductor da tsarin suna da ƙaramin ƙarfin rushewa. Ana buƙatar ƙayyadaddun ƙira na da'ira don guje wa juyawa-juyawa na bazata.

9: Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi: Gina Mai Gano Abu/Kusanci na IR Mai Sauƙi.

Ana iya amfani da LTE-3273DL a cikin tsarin mai gano mai nunawa. Ana buga mai fitarwa a takamaiman mitar (misali, 1kHz). Mai gano, wanda aka sanya kusa da shi, yana neman siginar da aka nuna daga wani abu a gaba. Tace band-pass da aka kunna zuwa 1kHz a cikin sarkar amplifier na mai gano yana ƙi hayaniyar hasken muhalli. Lokacin da wani abu ya zo cikin kewayon, siginar da aka nuna yana ƙaruwa, yana haifar da da'ira. Wannan ya zama ruwan dare a cikin masu rarraba tawul ta atomatik, gano takarda a cikin firintoci, da gano gefen mutum-mutumi.

10. Ka'idar Aiki

Na'urar tana aiki akan ƙa'idodin kimiyyar semiconductor da aka kafa da kyau. TheMai FitowaGallium Arsenide (GaAs) Light Emitting Diode (LED) ne. Lokacin da aka nuna bambanci, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin haɗin PN, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Bandgap na GaAs yana ƙayyade makamashin photon, wanda ya dace da tsawon ra'ayi na infrared na 940nm. TheMai Ganophotodiode na silicon PIN ne. Lokacin da photons tare da makamashi mafi girma fiye da bandgap na silicon (ciki har da 940nm IR) suka buga yankin raguwa, suna haifar da nau'ikan ramuka na electron. Waɗannan masu ɗaukar kaya ana share su ta hanyar filin lantarki na ciki (daga gina ko amfani da son rai), suna haifar da photocurrent daidai da ƙarfin hasken da ya faru.

11. Trends na Masana'antu da Ci gaba

Kasuwancin kayan aikin IR mai banƙyama yana ci gaba da haɓaka. Trends sun haɗa da:

Ƙananan Girma:Matsowa zuwa kunshin na'urar da'ira (SMD) kamar 0805 ko 0603 don ƙananan na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani.

Haɗin Kai Mafi Girma:Haɗa mai fitarwa, mai gano, direba, da amplifier zuwa na'ura ɗaya tare da hanyoyin sadarwa na dijital (I2C, UART).

Ingantaccen Aiki:Ci gaban masu fitarwa tare da mafi girman ƙarfin radiant da ƙunƙun kusurwoyi don aikace-aikacen dogon zango, da masu gano tare da ƙarancin ƙarfin duhu da sauri.

Sabbin Tsawon Ra'ayi:Binciken tsawon ra'ayi fiye da 940nm don takamaiman aikace-aikacen hankali kamar gano iskar gas, kodayake 940nm ya kasance mafi rinjaye don sarrafa nesa da hankali na gabaɗaya saboda farashi da dacewa.