Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Duba Samfurin
- 1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Manufa
- 2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Manufa
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Ƙimar Ƙimar
- 2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da Na Gani
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning
- 4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
- 4.1 Rarraba Spectral
- 4.2 Halin Yanzu na Gaba da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)
- 4.3 Halayen Zafin Jiki
- 4.4 Ƙarfin Radiant na Dangi da Halin Yanzu na Gaba
- 4.5 Zanen Radiation
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin
- 5.1 Girman Bayani
- 5.2 Shawarar Girman Tukunyar Gudanarwa
- 5.3 Ganewar Polarity
- 6. Jagororin Gudanarwa da Haɗawa
- 6.1 Ma'auni na Gudanar Sake Kunnawa
- 6.2 Yanayin Ajiya
- 6.3 Tsaftacewa
- 7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda
- 7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tef da Reel
- 8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
- 8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
- 8.2 La'akari da Ƙira da Hanyar Tuƙi
- 9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
- 11. Ƙira mai Aiki da Amfani da Shari'a
- 12. Gabatarwar Ka'ida
- 13. Trends na Ci gaba
1. Duba Samfurin
LTE-S9511-E wani ɓangare ne na infrared da aka ƙera don aikace-aikace masu yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar ingantaccen fitarwa da gano infrared. Yana cikin jerin samfuran da ke biyan buƙatun ƙarfin wutar lantarki, saurin gudu, da kuma faɗin kusurwar kallo a cikin hanyoyin warware infrared.
1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Manufa
An ƙera wannan ɓangaren don biyan ƙa'idodin masana'antu da muhalli na zamani. Samfuri ne mai bin ka'idojin RoHS, ana ba da shi a cikin tef na 8mm akan reels masu diamita 13-inch don dacewa da kayan aikin sanya atomatik mai sauri. Ƙirarsa tana goyan bayan hanyoyin gudanar infrared, wanda ya sa ya dace da haɗin PCB mai yawa. Aikace-aikacen farko sun haɗa da tsarin sarrafa nesa, na'urori na watsa bayanai ta infrared, ƙararrawar tsaro, da sauran kayan lantarki na mabukaci da na masana'antu inda ake buƙatar gano infrared ko sigina.
2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Manufa
Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin aiki da halayen aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin daidaitaccen (TA=25°C).
2.1 Matsakaicin Ƙimar Ƙimar
Waɗannan ƙimar suna ƙayyade iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba don ci gaba da aiki ba ne.
- Ragewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):100 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya watsawa a matsayin zafi.
- Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IFP):1 A. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin yanzu da aka ba da izini a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi (300 pps, faɗin bugun jini na 10μs).
- Halin Yanzu na DC na Gaba (IF):50 mA. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba don aiki mai aminci.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya (VR):5 V. Ba a ƙera na'urar don aikin karkatar da baya ba; wuce wannan ƙarfin wutar lantarki na iya haifar da rushewa.
- Kewayon Zafin Jiki na Aiki (Topr):-40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon zafin yanayi don aikin na'urar na yau da kullun.
- Kewayon Zafin Jiki na Ajiya (Tstg):-55°C zuwa +100°C.
- Yanayin Gudanar Infrared:Yana jure 260°C har zuwa matsakaicin dakika 10, yana ayyana iyakar bayanin sake kunnawa.
2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da Na Gani
Waɗannan sune ma'auni na aikin da aka auna a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji.
- Ƙarfin Radiant (IE):4.0 (Mafi ƙarancin), 6.0 (Typ) mW/sr. An auna a IF= 20mA. Wannan yana nuna fitarwar ƙarfin gani kowane kusurwa mai ƙarfi.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗin Fitowa (λPeak):940 nm (Typ). Tsawon raɗin da aka fi ƙarfin fitar da infrared.
- Rabin Faɗin Layin Spectral (Δλ):50 nm (Typ). Faɗin bakan da aka fitar a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfi.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (VF):1.2 (Typ), 1.5 (Matsakaicin) V. An auna a IF= 20mA. Faɗin ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin na'urar lokacin gudanarwa.
- Halin Yanzu na Baya (IR):10 μA (Matsakaicin). An auna a VR= 5V. Ƙaramin halin yanzu na ɓarna a ƙarƙashin karkatar da baya.
- Kusurwar Kallo (2θ1/2):20 (Mafi ƙarancin), 25 (Typ) digiri. Cikakken kusurwar inda ƙarfin radiant ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar sa akan-axis.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning
Ana samun na'urar a cikin nau'ikan ayyuka daban-daban, ko \"kwantena,\" dangane da ƙarfin radiant. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar ɓangaren da ya dace daidai da hankalin aikace-aikacensu ko buƙatun ƙarfin fitarwa.
Jerin lambobin kwantena suna ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin da matsakaicin ƙarfin radiant ga kowane mataki a halin yanzu na gwaji na 20mA:
- Bin K:4 zuwa 6 mW/sr
- Bin L:5 zuwa 7.5 mW/sr
- Bin M:6 zuwa 9 mW/sr
- Bin N:7 zuwa 10.5 mW/sr
Zaɓin lambar kwantena mafi girma (misali, N akan K) yawanci yana tabbatar da mafi ƙarancin fitarwa na gani, wanda zai iya zama mahimmanci don cimma tazara mai tsawo ko mafi kyawun rabo sigina-zuwa-amo a cikin tsarin.
4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
Bayanin bayanin yana ba da lanƙwasa halaye da yawa waɗanda ke nuna halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don cikakken ƙira na'urar lantarki da fahimtar ciniki na aiki.
4.1 Rarraba Spectral
Lanƙwasa (Fig.1) yana nuna ƙarfin radiant na dangi da tsawon raɗi. Yana tabbatar da matsakaicin fitarwa a 940nm da kusan rabin faɗin spectral na 50nm, wanda ya zama ruwan dare ga masu fitar da infrared na tushen GaAs. Wannan bakan mai faɗi ya dace don amfani da masu gano hoto na silicon, waɗanda ke da faɗin hankali a yankin infrared na kusa.
4.2 Halin Yanzu na Gaba da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)
Wannan lanƙwasa (Fig.3) yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta layi ba tsakanin halin yanzu da ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Yana nuna cewa ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba yana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu, yana farawa kusan 1.0V kuma yana kusantar 1.5V a 100mA. Wannan lanƙwasa yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar na'urar lantarki mai iyakance halin yanzu.
4.3 Halayen Zafin Jiki
Lanƙwasa da yawa suna nuna dogaro na na'urar akan zafin yanayi (Ta).
- Halin Yanzu na Gaba da Zafin Yanayi (Fig.2):Mai yiwuwa yana nuna yadda matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba da aka ba da izini yana raguwa yayin da zafin yanayi ya ƙaru don hana wuce iyakar ragewar wutar lantarki.
- Ƙarfin Radiant na Dangi da Zafin Yanayi (Fig.4):Yana nuna cewa ƙarfin fitarwa na gani yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi. Wannan ƙimar zafin jiki mara kyau shine mahimmin la'akari don aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a cikin yanayin zafi daban-daban, saboda yana iya buƙatar ramuwa na zafin jiki a cikin na'urar tuƙi ko mai karɓa don kiyaye aiki mai daidaito.
4.4 Ƙarfin Radiant na Dangi da Halin Yanzu na Gaba
Wannan lanƙwasa (Fig.5) yana nuna cewa ƙarfin radiant gabaɗaya yana daidai da halin yanzu na gaba, amma alaƙar na iya zama ƙasa da layi a halin yanzu masu yawa saboda dumama da raguwar inganci. Yana taimakawa tantance mafi kyawun halin yanzu na aiki don matakin fitarwa da ake so.
4.5 Zanen Radiation
Zanen polar (Fig.6) yana wakiltar kusurwar kallo a zahiri. Ƙarfin yana da mafi girma a 0° (akan-axis) kuma yana raguwa daidai, yana faɗuwa zuwa rabi a kusan ±12.5° (don kusurwar kallo na 25°). Wannan tsari yana da mahimmanci don daidaita mai fitarwa tare da mai gano ko don ƙirar kayan gani don siffantar katako.
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin
5.1 Girman Bayani
Na'urar ta yi daidai da daidaitaccen kunshin EIA. Mahimman girma sun haɗa da girman jiki, tazarar jagora, da tsayin gabaɗaya. Duk girma ana ba da su a cikin millimeters tare da matsakaicin iyakar ±0.1mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. Kunshin yana da ruwa mai tsabta na filastik tare da tsarin kallon gefe, wanda ke jagorantar hasken da aka fitar daidai da jirgin PCB.
5.2 Shawarar Girman Tukunyar Gudanarwa
Zanen yana ba da shawarar girman tsarin ƙasa na PCB don tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin gudanarwa da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya yayin da kuma bayan aikin sake kunnawa. Yin bin waɗannan jagororin yana da mahimmanci don yawan samarwa da amincin dogon lokaci.
5.3 Ganewar Polarity
Ana nuna cathode ta gefe mai lebur, tsaga, ko gajeriyar jagora akan kunshin. Dole ne a lura da polarity daidai yayin haɗawa, saboda amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya fiye da matsakaicin ƙimar na iya lalata na'urar nan take.
6. Jagororin Gudanarwa da Haɗawa
6.1 Ma'auni na Gudanar Sake Kunnawa
Na'urar ta dace da hanyoyin sake kunnawa na infrared. Yanayin da aka ba da shawarar sun haɗa da:
- Dumama Kafin:150–200°C har zuwa matsakaicin dakika 120.
- Matsakaicin Zafin Jiki:260°C matsakaicin.
- Lokaci Sama da Liquidus:Dakika 10 matsakaicin (har zuwa matsakaicin sake zagayowar kunnawa biyu).
Waɗannan ma'auni sun yi daidai da ƙa'idodin JEDEC da ƙayyadaddun manne gudanar maras gubar. Ya kamata a siffanta bayanin don takamaiman ƙirar PCB, ɓangarori, da tanda da aka yi amfani da su.
6.2 Yanayin Ajiya
Na'urar tana da Matakin Hankalin Danshi (MSL) na 3.
- Kunshin da aka Rufe:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤90% RH. Yi amfani da shi cikin shekara guda daga ranar rufe jakar.
- Kunshin da aka Buɗe:Don ɓangarorin da aka cire daga jakar kariya daga danshi, yanayin ajiyar bai kamata ya wuce 30°C/60% RH ba. Ana ba da shawarar kammala sake kunnawar infrared cikin mako guda (sauri 168). Don ajiya mai tsawo a waje da marufi na asali, yi amfani da akwati mai rufi tare da busassun abu. ɓangarorin da aka ajiye fiye da mako guda yakamata a gasa su a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin gudanarwa don cire danshin da aka sha da hana \"popcorning\" yayin sake kunnawa.
6.3 Tsaftacewa
Idan tsaftacewa ya zama dole bayan gudanarwa, yi amfani da kaushi na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol. Ya kamata a guji sinadarai masu tsauri ko masu ƙarfi.
7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda
7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tef da Reel
Ana ba da na'urar a cikin tef mai ɗaukar kaya na 8mm akan reels masu diamita 13-inch (330mm). Kowane reel yana ɗauke da kusan guda 9000. Kunshin ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA 481-1-A-1994. Tef yana da hatimi na murfin sama, kuma ana ba da izinin fanko ɓangarori biyu a jere.
8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
- Sarrafa Nesa:Don TV, tsarin sauti, da sauran kayan lantarki na mabukaci.
- Watsa Bayanai ta IR:Sadarwar mara waya ta gajeren zango, mai sauƙi don masu firikwensin ko sigina na sarrafawa.
- Tsarin Tsaro:A matsayin wani ɓangare na katako na gano kutsawa ko masu firikwensin kusanci.
- Gano Abu:Masu firikwensin da aka sanya akan PCB don ƙidaya, gano matsayi, ko gano gefe.
8.2 La'akari da Ƙira da Hanyar Tuƙi
LED na'urar ce mai aiki da halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da ƙarfi daidai da tsawon rai, dole ne a tuƙa ta tare da tushen halin yanzu ko tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki tare da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu. Ƙimar resistor (Rs) za a iya ƙididdige ta ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: Rs= (Vsupply- VF) / IF. Inda VFshine ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba daga bayanin bayanin a halin yanzu na aiki da ake so IF. Lokacin tuƙa LED da yawa a layi daya, ana ba da shawarar sosai don amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu daban-daban ga kowane LED don hana cin halin yanzu saboda ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin VF characteristics.
9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
LTE-S9511-E, tare da tsawon raɗin 940nm, yana ba da fa'ida mai mahimmanci akan LED masu gani ko sauran tsawon raɗin IR: kusan ba a gan shi da idon ɗan adam, wanda ya sa ya dace don aiki mai hankali. Idan aka kwatanta da masu fitarwa na 850nm, 940nm yawanci yana da ƙaramin hayaniyar baya na hasken rana, wanda zai iya inganta rabo sigina-zuwa-amo a cikin yanayin hasken yanayi. Kunshin ruwan tabarau na kallon gefe an ƙera shi musamman don aikace-aikacen inda katakon IR ke buƙatar tafiya daidai da saman PCB, buƙatu na gama gari a cikin masu firikwensin irin rami ko allunan hasken gefe.
10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED kai tsaye daga filin microcontroller na 3.3V ko 5V?
A: A'a. Dole ne ka yi amfani da resistor a jere don iyakance halin yanzu. Misali, tare da wadata 5V da manufa IFna 20mA (VF~1.2V), Rs= (5V - 1.2V) / 0.02A = 190Ω. Resistor na 200Ω zai zama daidaitaccen ƙimar daidaitaccen.
Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin \"Ƙarfin Radiant\" da \"Kusurwar Kallo\"?
A: Ƙarfin Radiant (mW/sr) yana auna nawa ƙarfin gani aka tattara a wata takamaiman hanya (kowane steradian). Kusurwar Kallo tana ayyana faɗin wannan katako. Na'urar mai ƙarfin radiant mai girma amma kusurwar kallonta ta kunkuntar tana jefa katako mai ƙarfi amma mai matsi. Wannan na'urar tana da matsakaicin kusurwar kallo na 25°, tana ba da daidaito mai kyau tsakanin tattara katako da ɗaukar hoto.
Q: Me yasa Matakin Hankalin Danshi (MSL 3) yake da mahimmanci?
A: Kunshin filastik na iya sha danshi daga iska. A lokacin babban zafin jiki na sake kunnawar gudanarwa, wannan danshin da aka kama zai iya yin tururi da sauri, yana haifar da rabuwa na ciki, tsaga, ko \"popcorning,\" wanda ke lalata na'urar. Bin ƙa'idodin ajiya, sarrafawa, da hanyoyin gasa yana da mahimmanci don hana wannan yanayin gazawa.
11. Ƙira mai Aiki da Amfani da Shari'a
Shari'a: Ƙirar Mai Firkicin Gano Abu Mai Sauƙi na IR.
Ƙira na gama gari yana amfani da LTE-S9511-E a matsayin mai fitarwa da mai gano (a cikin yanayin firikwensin tunani) ko kuma yana amfani da phototransistor daban. Ana buga mai fitarwa a takamaiman mitar (misali, 38kHz). Na'urar mai karɓa ta haɗa da tacewa da aka daidaita zuwa wannan mitar. Lokacin da wani abu ya nuna katakon IR zuwa mai gano, na'urar lantarki tana yin rajista sigina. Matakai masu mahimmanci na ƙira:
1. Na'urar Tuƙi:Yi amfani da transistor (misali, NPN ko N-channel MOSFET) wanda microcontroller ke kunna don buga LED a halin yanzu da ake so (misali, bugun jini na 50mA) da mitar. Haɗa da resistor na jere da aka ƙididdige.
2. Na'urar Mai Karɓa:Ana ciyar da fitarwar phototransistor zuwa amplifier da tacewa mai faɗin bakan da aka tsakiya a mitar daidaitawa (38kHz). Wannan yana ƙi hasken yanayi (DC da ƙananan mitar) da sauran hayaniyar IR.
3. Daidaitawa:Yi amfani da zanen radiation don daidaita mai fitarwa da mai gano. Don firikwensin tunani, galibi ana sanya su tare a kusurwa, tare da filayen kallonsu suna haɗuwa a tazarar firikwensin da ake so.
4. Shimfidar PCB:Sanya ɓangarorin bisa ga shimfidar kafa da aka ba da shawarar. Tabbatar cewa ruwan tabarau mai tsabta bai toshe shi da maskar gudanarwa ko wasu ɓangarori ba.
12. Gabatarwar Ka'ida
LTE-S9511-E, a matsayin mai fitar infrared, diode ne na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka karkata gaba, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a yankin aiki (wanda aka yi da kayan kamar GaAs ko AlGaAs), suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Takamaiman abun da ke ciki yana ƙayyade tsawon raɗin waɗannan photons; a wannan yanayin, an tsakiya shi kusan 940nm, wanda yake cikin bakan infrared na kusa. Ruwan tabarau na kallon gefe an ƙera shi daga epoxy mai tsabta, wanda ke fitar da haske daga guntuwar semiconductor da kyau kuma ya jagorance shi a gefe. Na'urar kuma tana iya aiki azaman mai gano saboda haɗin PN na semiconductor zai iya haifar da ƙaramin halin yanzu na hoto lokacin da aka fallasa shi da isasshen makamashi na haske (photons tare da tsawon raɗin gajarta fiye da tsayin yanke na kayan). Kodayake, babban aikin da aka inganta shine fitarwa.
13. Trends na Ci gaba
Filin ɓangarorin infrared na ci gaba da haɓaka. Trends sun haɗa da:
- Mafi Girman Ingantacciyar:Haɓaka sabbin kayan semiconductor da tsarin (misali, rijiyoyin ƙidaya da yawa) don fitar da ƙarin ƙarfin gani kowane naúrar shigarwar lantarki, rage haɓakar zafi da amfani da wutar lantarki.
- Ƙara Sauri:Don aikace-aikacen watsa bayanai, ɓangarorin tare da lokutan tashi/faɗuwa masu sauri suna ba da damar ƙimar bayanai mafi girma.
- Haɗawa:Haɗa mai fitarwa, mai gano, da dabaru na sarrafawa (kamar daidaitawa/daidaitawa) cikin kunshi ɗaya ko na'ura yana sauƙaƙa ƙira da inganta aiki.
- Ƙananan Girma:Ci gaba da rage girman kunshin don dacewa da buƙatun ƙananan kayan lantarki na mabukaci yayin kiyayewa ko inganta ƙayyadaddun aiki.
- Ƙarfafa Aminci:Ingantattun kayan kunshin da hanyoyin don jure yanayi mafi tsauri da tsawon rayuwar aiki.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |