LTR-C951-TB IR Mai Fitowa da Mai Gano Bayanai - Kunshin 5mm - 30V Mai Tattara-Mai Fitowa - 940nm - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

LTR-C951-TB wani ɓangaren phototransistor infrared (IR) ne mai banɗe wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen ganowa. Yana cikin babban iyali na na'urorin lantarki na gani waɗanda aka yi niyya don amfani a cikin tsarin da ke buƙatar ingantaccen ganowar infrared. Babban aikin wannan ɓangaren shine canza hasken infrared da ke faruwa zuwa madaidaicin siginar lantarki a tashoshinsa na mai tattara-mai fitowa. An inganta ƙirarsa don haɗawa cikin tsare-tsaren haɗa kai da atomatik da kuma layukan fasahar haɗawa da saman (SMT).

Babban fa'idar wannan na'urar yana cikin amfani da tsarin phototransistor, wanda ke ba da riba na ciki, yana haifar da mafi girman hankali idan aka kwatanta da photodiodes na asali. Ruwan tabarau na dome na epoxy baƙar fata da aka haɗa yana taimakawa wajen ayyana kusurwar kallo kuma yana iya ba da ɗan matakin ƙin hasken muhalli, ko da yake bayanan bayanan ba su ƙayyadad da takamaiman tacewa don rage hayaniyar haske a cikin wannan takamaiman samfurin ba. An ƙayyade ɓangaren a matsayin mai bin ka'idojin RoHS da ƙaddamarwar Samfurin Kore.

Kasuwa da aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya suna karkata sosai zuwa ga na'urorin lantarki masu tsada, masu yawan amfani da masana'antu. Manyan wuraren aikace-aikace sun haɗa da masu karɓar infrared don tsarin sarrafa nesa da kuma masu gano infrared da aka ɗora akan PCB don ganin kusanci, ganon abu, da kuma hanyoyin watsa bayanai na asali inda babban aikin saurin ba shine buƙatun farko ba.

2. Zurfin Bincike na Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha

2.1 Cikakkun Ƙididdiga na Matsakaici

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a ba da shawarar aiki da na'urar a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan da suka wuce waɗannan ƙimomi ba.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_D):100 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya watsawa a matsayin zafi a yanayin yanayi (T_A) na 25°C. Wucewa wannan iyaka yana haifar da haɗarin guduwar zafi da gazawa.
• Ƙarfin lantarki na Mai Tattara-Mai Fitowa (V_CEO):30 V. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da za'a iya amfani da shi tsakanin fil ɗin mai tattara da mai fitowa tare da buɗe tushe (yanayin phototransistor).
• Ƙarfin lantarki na Mai Fitowa-Mai Tattara (V_ECO):5 V. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da za'a iya amfani da shi tsakanin mai fitowa da mai tattara.
• Kewayon Yanayin Zafin Aiki (T_opr):-40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon zafin yanayi wanda aka tabbatar da na'urar ta cika ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun lantarki da aka buga.
• Kewayon Yanayin Zafin Ajiya (T_stg):-55°C zuwa +100°C. Kewayon zafin jiki don adana na'urar ba tare da amfani da wutar lantarki ba.
• Yanayin Solder na Infrared Reflow:Matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 10. Wannan yana ayyana juriyar yanayin zafi don haɗin SMT.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & Na Gani

Ana auna waɗannan sigogi a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin gwaji a T_A=25°C kuma suna ayyana matsakaicin aikin na'urar.

• Ƙarfin lantarki na Rushewar Mai Tattara-Mai Fitowa (V_(BR)CEO):30 V (Min). Ya tabbatar da Cikakken Ƙididdiga na Matsakaici a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin gwaji (I_R= 100µA, babu haske).
• Ƙarfin lantarki na Rushewar Mai Fitowa-Mai Tattara (V_(BR)ECO):5 V (Min). Ya tabbatar da ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na baya.
• Ƙarfin lantarki na Cikakken Mai Tattara-Mai Fitowa (V_CE(SAT)):0.4 V (Max). Lokacin da phototransistor ya kasance cikakke "a kunne" (cikakke) a ƙarƙashin haske (E_e=0.5 mW/cm² a 940nm) kuma tare da halin yanzu na mai tattara (I_C) na 100µA, faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin mai tattara da mai fitowa zai zama 0.4V ko ƙasa da haka. Ƙananan V_CE(SAT)gabaɗaya yana da kyau don aikace-aikacen sauyawa.
• Lokacin Tashi (T_r) & Lokacin Faɗuwa (T_f):15 µs (Typ). Waɗannan sigogi suna ƙayyadad da saurin na'urar. Tare da yanayin gwaji na V_CE=5V, I_C=1mA, da R_L=1kΩ, fitarwa yana ɗaukar kusan microsecond 15 don tashi daga 10% zuwa 90% na ƙimar sa ta ƙarshe lokacin da aka haskaka shi, kuma wani 15 µs don faɗuwa lokacin da aka cire hasken. Wannan yana nuna na'urar da ta dace da aikace-aikace masu ƙarancin zuwa matsakaicin mitar (har zuwa dubunnan kHz), ba saurin watsa bayanai ba.
• Halin yanzu na Duhu na Mai Tattara (I_CEO):100 nA (Max). Wannan shine halin yanzu na ɓarna wanda ke gudana ta hanyar haɗin mai tattara-mai fitowa lokacin da na'urar ke cikin duhu cikakke (E_e= 0 mW/cm²) kuma tare da V_CE=20V. Ƙananan halin yanzu na duhu yana da kyawawa don mafi kyawun rabo siginar-zuwa-hayaniya a cikin yanayi mara haske.
• Halin yanzu na Mai Tattara a Yanayin Kunne (I_C(ON)):5.5 mA (Typ). Wannan shine matsakaicin halin yanzu na mai tattara da aka samar lokacin da aka haskaka na'urar tare da takamaiman hasken haske na 0.5 mW/cm² na hasken infrared na 940nm kuma aka bambanta shi da V_CE=5V. Wannan sigogi yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da hankalin na'urar.

3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Bayanan bayanan suna nufin wani sashe don "Lanƙwasa Halaye na Lantarki / Na Gani na Yau da Kullun." Duk da yake ba a ba da takamaiman zane-zane a cikin rubutun ba, zamu iya ƙididdige daidaitattun abubuwan su da mahimmancinsu don ƙira.

Lanƙwasa na yau da kullun don phototransistor kamar LTR-C951-TB zai haɗa da:

• Halin yanzu na Mai Tattara (I_C) vs. Irradiance (E_e):Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin lanƙwasa, yana nuna alaƙar tsakanin ƙarfin hasken da ke faruwa da halin yanzu na fitarwa don ƙarfin lantarki daban-daban na mai tattara-mai fitowa (V_CE). Yana nuna daidaito (ko rashin daidaito) na amsawa kuma yana ba masu ƙira damar ƙididdige hasken haske da ake buƙata don cimma halin yanzu na fitarwa da ake so.
• Halin yanzu na Mai Tattara (I_C) vs. Ƙarfin lantarki na Mai Tattara-Mai Fitowa (V_CE):Waɗannan su ne lanƙwasa halaye na fitarwa, waɗanda aka tsara don matakan haske daban-daban. Suna nuna yankunan aiki (cikakke da aiki) na phototransistor kuma suna taimakawa wajen zaɓar madaidaicin resistor na kaya (R_L).
• Amsa na Spectral:Lanƙwasa da ke nuna madaidaicin hankali na na'urar a duk faɗin tsayin daban-daban na haske. Duk da yake ana gwada na'urar tare da hasken 940nm, wannan lanƙwasa zai nuna amsarsa ga sauran tsayin IR (misali, 850nm, 880nm) kuma yuwuwar haske mai gani, yana nuna buƙatar tacewa na gani idan ana buƙatar keɓancewar takamaiman tsayi.
• Dogaro da Zafin Jiki:Lanƙwasa da ke nuna yadda manyan sigogi kamar halin yanzu na duhu (I_CEO) da hankali ke canzawa akan kewayon zafin aiki. Halin yanzu na duhu yawanci yana ƙaruwa da yawa tare da zafin jiki, wanda zai iya zama muhimmin al'amari a cikin aikace-aikacen zafi ko daidaito.

Dole ne masu ƙira su tuntubi waɗannan zane-zane don yin ƙirar halayen na'urar daidai a cikin takamaiman da'irar su da yanayin muhalli, kamar yadda ƙididdiga na yau da kullun kawai ke ba da hoto a 25°C.

4. Bayanin Injiniya & Kunshi

4.1 Girman Bayyani

Na'urar tana bin daidaitaccen tsarin kunshi. Zanen girma da aka bayar (wanda aka ambata a cikin bayanan bayanan) yana ƙayyadad da girman jiki, tazarar jagora, da lissafin ruwan tabarau. Manyan fasalulluka sun haɗa da jikin epoxy baƙi tare da ruwan tabarau na dome, wanda ke taimakawa wajen sarrafa amsawar jagora (kusurwar kallo) na firikwensin. An tsara kunshin don ya dace da kayan aikin zaɓe da sanyawa ta atomatik, yana sauƙaƙa samarwa mai yawa.

4.2 Ganewar Ƙarfi

Phototransistors na'urori ne masu ƙarfi. Zanen bayyani na bayanan bayanan zai nuna a fili pinout: Mai Tattara (C) da Mai Fitowa (E). Kuskuren haɗin ƙarfi yayin haɗin PCB zai hana na'urar yin aiki.

4.3 Tsarin Kafet ɗin Solder da aka Ba da Shawara & Girman Kunshi

Bayanan bayanan sun haɗa da zanen "Shawarar Girman Kafet ɗin Solder". Wannan muhimmin tunani ne ga masu ƙira na shimfidar PCB. Yana ba da shawarar lissafin kafet ɗin tagulla (girma da siffa) akan allon da'ira da aka buga don tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin gwiwar solder yayin sake fasalin solder yayin da ake rage damuwa akan ɓangaren. Bin waɗannan shawarwari yana da mahimmanci don yawan samarwa da dogon lokacin dogaro.

Bugu da ƙari, sashin "Girman Kunshi na Tepe da Reel" ya yi cikakken bayani game da yadda ake samar da ɓangarorin don haɗawa ta atomatik. Yana ƙayyadad da girman tepe mai ɗaukar kaya, tazarar aljihu, diamita na reel (inci 7), da kuma yanayin sassan a cikin tepe. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don shirya injin sanyawa na SMT daidai.

5. Jagororin Haɗawa, Ajiya & Sarrafawa

5.1 Solder da Bayanin Reflow

An ƙididdige na'urar don hanyoyin solder na infrared reflow. Matsakaicin yanayi shine matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 10. Bayanan bayanan suna ba da shawarar bin bayanin reflow na ma'aunin JEDEC, wanda yawanci ya haɗa da matakin pre-heat (150-200°C), rampi mai sarrafawa zuwa matsakaicin zafin jiki, da kuma lokacin sanyaya mai sarrafawa. An kuma jaddada bin ƙayyadaddun masana'anta na manna solder. Don gyara na hannu, zafin gwangwani solder bai kamata ya wuce 300°C ba, tare da lokacin tuntuɓe na dakika 3 matsakaicin kowane haɗin gwiwa.

5.2 Yanayin Ajiya

Hankalin danshi wani muhimmin al'amari ne ga ɓangarorin SMD na filastik. LEDs/phototransistors an tattara su a cikin jakar hana danshi tare da desiccant.

• Kunshi Mai Rufi:Ya kamata a adana a ≤30°C da ≤90% Danshi Dangi (RH). Rayuwar shiryayye a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan shekara ɗaya ce.
• Kunshi da aka Buɗe:ɓangarorin da aka fallasa ga iskar yanayi ya kamata a adana su a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Ana ba da shawarar sosai don kammala tsarin sake fasalin IR a cikin mako ɗaya (sauri 168) bayan buɗe jakar. Don ajiya mai tsawo a waje da fakitin asali, dole ne a adana ɓangarorin a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da desiccant ko a cikin yanayin nitrogen. Idan an adana fiye da mako ɗaya, ana buƙatar gasa a 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin solder don cire danshin da aka sha kuma don hana lalacewar "popcorning" yayin reflow.

5.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan solder, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da kaushi na tushen barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Tsaftataccen ko masu tsaftace sinadarai masu ƙarfi na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy ko kunshi.

6. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

Ana samar da LTR-C951-TB a cikin daidaitaccen kunshin EIA don haɗawa ta atomatik. Ana loda ɓangarorin cikin tepe mai ɗaukar kaya, wanda aka saka shi a kan reels masu diamita inci 7. Kowace reel tana ɗauke da guda 1500. Tepe yana da hatimin murfi don kare ɓangarorin yayin sarrafawa da jigilar kaya. Bayanan bayanan sun lura da bin ƙa'idar ANSI/EIA 481-1-A-1994 don tepe da kunshin reel.

7. La'akari da Ƙirar Aikace-aikace

7.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Bayanan bayanan suna ba da shawarar da'irar tuƙi na asali. Phototransistor na'urar fitarwa ce ta halin yanzu. A cikin aikace-aikacen sauyawa na yau da kullun, an haɗa shi a cikin tsarin mai fitowa na gama-gari:

• An haɗa mai tattara zuwa ƙarfin lantarki na wadata (V_CC) ta hanyar resistor na kaya (R_L).
• An haɗa mai fitowa zuwa ƙasa.
• Ana ɗaukar siginar fitarwa daga kumburin mai tattara.

Lokacin da babu haske da ke faruwa, phototransistor yana kashewa (babban impedance), kuma ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa a mai tattara yana jan sama zuwa V_CC(rage ƙaramin faɗuwar halin yanzu na duhu a kan R_L). Lokacin da aka haskaka shi, phototransistor yana kunna, halin yanzu yana gudana, kuma ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa yana faɗuwa zuwa ƙananan matakin (kusa da V_CE(SAT)). Ƙimar R_Lana zaɓa bisa ga girgizar ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa da ake so, sauri (kamar yadda yake samar da lokaci na RC tare da parasits na da'ira), da kuma halin yanzu na hoto da ake samu (I_C(ON)).

7.2 Bayanin Kula da Ƙira da Gargaɗi

• Rigakafin Hasken Yanayi:Ruwan tabarau baƙar fata yana ba da wasu tacewa, amma don aiki a cikin yanayi mai ƙarfi na IR na yanayi (hasken rana, ƙwanƙwaran fitila), ƙarin tacewa na waje na IR-wucewa/gani mai toshewa na iya zama dole don inganta rabo siginar-zuwa-hayaniya.
• Ƙayyadaddun Sauri:Tare da lokutan tashi/faɗuwa a cikin dubunnan microseconds, wannan na'urar bata dace da saurin sadarwar bayanai (misali, IrDA) ba. Yana da kyau ga lambobin sarrafa nesa (misali, RC-5, NEC) da sauƙi akan/kashe ganowa.
• Bambance-bambance don Aikin Layi:Idan ana amfani da shi a cikin yanayin layi (analog) maimakon a matsayin maɓalli, dole ne a yi aiki da na'urar a cikin yankin aiki (V_CE> V_CE(SAT)). Dole ne a yi la'akari da halayen da ba na layi ba da aka nuna a cikin I_Cvs. E_elanƙwasa.
• Iyakar Aikace-aikace:Bayanan bayanan sun haɗa da gargaɗi na yau da kullun cewa ɓangaren an yi niyya ne don na'urorin lantarki na gabaɗaya. Aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingantaccen dogaro, musamman a cikin tsarin tallafin rayuwa, aminci, ko sufuri, suna buƙatar tuntuba kafin kuma mai yiwuwa cancantar matakin ɓangaren.

8. Ka'idar Aiki

Phototransistor transistor ne na haɗin gwiwa na bipolar (BJT) inda yankin tushe ya fallasa ga haske maimakon a tuntuɓe shi ta hanyar lantarki. Haɗin tushe-mai tattara yana aiki azaman photodiode. Lokacin da photons masu isasshen kuzari (infrared, a wannan yanayin) suka bugi wannan haɗin, suna haifar da nau'ikan electron-ramuwa. Wannan halin yanzu na hoto yana aiki azaman halin yanzu na tushe (I_B) don transistor. Sannan transistor yana haɓaka wannan halin yanzu ta hanyar ribar halin yanzu na DC (h_FE), yana haifar da mafi girma halin yanzu na mai tattara (I_C= h_FE* I_B(photo)). Wannan riba ta ciki shine abin da ya ba phototransistor babban hankalinsa idan aka kwatanta da sauƙi photodiode, wanda ba shi da haɓakawa na ciki. Kunshin epoxy baƙi yana ɗauke da guntun semiconductor kuma yana samar da ruwan tabarau na dome, wanda ke mayar da hankali ga hasken da ke shigowa zuwa yankin mai hankali.

9. Tambayoyin da aka Yi Akan Sigogi na Fasaha

Q1: Menene matsakaicin kusurwar kallo na wannan na'urar?

A1: Bayanan bayanan ba su ƙayyade lambar kusurwar kallo ba. Ruwan tabarau na dome baƙar fata yawanci yana ba da matsakaicin kusurwar kallo (misali, ±20° zuwa ±40° ya zama gama gari don irin waɗannan fakitin), amma dole ne a tabbatar da daidai ƙimar daga cikakken zanen bayyani ko ta hanyar tuntuɓar masana'anta.

Q2: Zan iya amfani da wannan tare da LED IR na 850nm?

A2: An gwada na'urar kuma an ƙayyade I_C(ON)a 940nm. Phototransistors gabaɗaya suna da faɗin amsa na spectral a cikin kewayon kusa-infrared. Zai yiwu ya amsa ga hasken 850nm, amma tare da yuwuwar hankali daban-daban. Don mafi kyawun aiki da matakan siginar da ake iya hasasawa, ana ba da shawarar haɗa shi da mai fitar da IR a tsayin tsayin hankalinsa (mai yiwuwa a kusa da 940nm). Tuntubi lanƙwasa amsa na spectral.

Q3: Ta yaya zan zaɓi ƙimar resistor na kaya (R_L)?

A3: R_Lana zaɓa bisa ga ƙarfin lantarki na wadata (V_CC), matakan dabaru na fitarwa da ake so, da kuma saurin da ake buƙata. Don wadata na 5V: Don tabbatar da kyakkyawan dabaru 'ƙananan' (misali,<0.8V) lokacin da transistor yake kunna, R_L≤ (V_CC- V_CE(SAT)) / I_C(ON). Tare da V_CC=5V, V_CE(SAT)=0.4V, I_C(ON)=5.5mA, R_L≤ (5-0.4)/0.0055 ≈ 836Ω. Daidaitaccen resistor 1kΩ zaɓi ne na gama gari, yana ba da kyakkyawan sulhu tsakanin amfani da halin yanzu da girgizar fitarwa. Don sauri mafi sauri, ƙananan R_Lyana da kyau (yana rage lokaci na RC), amma yana ƙara amfani da wutar lantarki.

Q4: Me yasa halin yanzu na duhu yake da mahimmanci?

A4: Halin yanzu na duhu (I_CEO) yana saita ƙasan hayaniya na firikwensin. A cikin yanayi mai duhu, wannan halin yanzu har yanzu yana gudana ta R_L, yana haifar da ƙaramin faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki. Wannan yana iyakance mafi ƙarancin siginar haske da za a iya gano shi. A cikin aikace-aikacen zafi mai girma, halin yanzu na duhu yana ƙaruwa sosai kuma zai iya cika fitarwa, yana sa firikwensin ba zai iya amfani da shi ba.