Bayanin LED Mai Fitowa da Infrared LTE-1650 - Kwandon Bayyananne - Ƙarfin Gaba 1.6V - Ƙarfi 100mW - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTE-1650 ƙaramin fitowa ne na infrared (IR) mai kallon ƙarshe wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar babban tuƙin ƙarfi da halayen ƙarancin ƙarfin gaba. Babban aikinsa shine fitar da hasken infrared a kololuwar tsawon zango na 940 nanometers. Na'urar tana cikin kwandon filastik mai tsabta da bayyananne, wanda shine mafita mai tsada ga tsarin gani daban-daban. Babban fa'idodin wannan sashi sun haɗa da ikonsa na ɗaukar mahimman ƙarfin bugun jini, ƙarancin aikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki wanda ke rage amfani da wutar lantarki a cikin da'irori, da faɗin kusurwar kallonsa wanda ke sauƙaƙa daidaitawar gani a aikace-aikacen mai amfani. Yawanci ana yiwa kasuwanni da suka haɗa da tsarin sarrafa nesa, na'urori masu gano kusanci, gano abu, da sarrafa masana'antu inda ake buƙatar siginar infrared mai dogaro.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Cikakkun Ma'auni na Ƙarshe

An ƙayyade na'urar don aiki a cikin ƙayyadaddun iyaka don tabbatar da dogaro da tsawon rai. Matsakaicin rarrabawar ƙarfi na ci gaba shine 100 mW a yanayin zafin muhalli (T_A) na 25°C. Zai iya jurewa kololuwar ƙarfin gaba na 1 Ampere a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (bugun jini 300 a kowace dakika, faɗin bugun jini na 10 microsecond). Matsakaicin ci gaba na ci gaba shine 60 mA. Ana iya amfani da ƙarfin baya har zuwa 5 Volts ba tare da lalata haɗin gwiwa ba. Kewayon zafin aiki daga -40°C zuwa +85°C ne, yayin da kewayon zafin ajiya ya faɗa daga -55°C zuwa +100°C, yana nuna juriya mai ƙarfi ga muhalli. Ana iya siyar da igiyoyin a zafin 260°C na tsawon dakika 5 lokacin da aka auna 1.6mm daga jikin kwandon.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Ana auna mahimman sigogi na aiki a T_A=25°C. Ana siffanta fitarwa ta hanyar Tasirin Radiant na Budewa (E_e, a cikin mW/cm²) da Ƙarfin Radiant (I_E, a cikin mW/sr), dukansu ana gwada su a ƙarfin gaba (I_F) na 20mA. Waɗannan sigogi suna cikin kwandon (duba Sashe na 3). Kololuwar tsawon zango na fitarwa (λ_P) yawanci 940 nm ne, wanda yake cikin bakan infrared na kusa, wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen gano abu da sadarwa da yawa saboda ba a iya ganinsa da idon ɗan adam. Ramin layin bakan (Δλ) shine 50 nm, yana ayyana tsaftar bakan hasken da aka fitar. Ƙarfin gaba (V_F) yawanci 1.6 Volts ne a I_F=50mA, tare da matsakaicin 1.8V, yana tabbatar da ƙarancin aikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Ƙarfin baya (I_R) matsakaicin 100 µA ne a ƙarfin baya (V_R) na 5V. Kusurwar kallo (2θ_1/2) shine digiri 60, yana ba da tsarin radiation mai faɗi.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Kwandon

LTE-1650 yana amfani da tsarin kwandon aiki da farko bisa Ƙarfin Radiant da Tasirin Radiant na Budewa. Wannan tsarin yana rarraba sassa zuwa nau'ikan matakan aiki daban-daban (Kwandon A, B, C, D) don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa. Misali, a I_F=20mA, na'urorin Kwandon A suna da ƙarfin radiant daga 1.383 zuwa 4.06 mW/sr, yayin da na'urorin Kwandon D suka fara daga 5.11 mW/sr. Wannan yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar sassan da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun hankali na mai gano su ko ƙarfin siginar da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacensu. Babu ƙayyadaddun kwandon da aka nuna don ƙarfin gaba ko tsawon zango a cikin wannan takardar bayanan; an ƙayyade tsawon zango a matsayin ƙima na yau da kullun na 940nm.

4. Binciken Lanƙwan Aiki

Takardar bayanan tana ba da jadawali da yawa da ke kwatanta mahimman alaƙa. Hoto na 1 yana nuna Rarraba Bakan, yana zana ƙarfin radiant dangi da tsawon zango. Wannan lanƙwan yana tabbatar da kololuwa a 940nm da faɗin bakan na 50nm. Hoto na 2 yana nuna alaƙar tsakanin Ƙarfin Gaba da Yanayin Muhalli, yana nuna yadda matsakaicin ƙarfin ci gaba da aka halatta ke raguwa yayin da zafin muhalli ke ƙaruwa don ci gaba da kasancewa cikin iyakokin rarrabawar ƙarfi. Hoto na 3 shine lanƙwan Ƙarfin Gaba da Ƙarfin Gaba (I-V), yana nuna halayen alaƙar ƙima na diode da ƙarancin V_F. Hoto na 4 yana nuna yadda Ƙarfin Radiant Dangi ya bambanta da Yanayin Muhalli, yawanci yana nuna raguwar fitarwa yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi. Hoto na 5 yana kwatanta yadda Ƙarfin Radiant Dangi ke canzawa tare da Ƙarfin Gaba, yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta dace ba tsakanin tuƙin tuƙi da fitarwar haske. A ƙarshe, Hoto na 6 shine Zanen Radiation, zanen polar wanda ke wakiltar kusurwar kallo na digiri 60 a zahiri, yana nuna rarraba kusurwar hasken infrared da aka fitar.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kwandon

Na'urar tana amfani da ƙaramin kwandon filastik mai kallon ƙarshe. Muhimman bayanan girma sun haɗa da: duk girmansu suna cikin millimeters, tare da juriya na gabaɗaya na ±0.25mm sai dai an ƙayyade akasin haka. Gubar da ke ƙarƙashin flange na iya fitowa har zuwa matsakaicin 1.5mm. Ana auna tazarar jagora a wurin da igiyoyin suka fita daga jikin kwandon. Kwandon yana da tsabta kuma bayyananne, wanda yana da amfani ga aikace-aikacen da fitowa zai iya ganuwa ko kuma inda ake buƙatar gano ainihin matsayin guntu don daidaitawar gani. Ƙirar kallon ƙarshe tana nufin babban fitarwar haske daga saman saman kwandon.

6. Jagororin Siyayya da Haɗawa

Babban ƙayyadaddun siyar da aka bayar shine don zafin siyar da jagora. Igiyoyin za su iya jure zafin 260°C na dakika 5 lokacin da aka auna 1.6mm (0.063 inci) daga jikin kwandon. Wannan sigogi ne mai mahimmanci don hanyoyin siyar da igiyar ruwa ko siyar da hannu. Don siyar da sake kunnawa, ana iya amfani da daidaitattun bayyanannun infrared (IR) ko bayyanannun sake kunnawa na sake kunnawa don sassan da aka yi da filastik gabaɗaya, amma matsakaicin zafin jikin kwandon bai kamata ya wuce matsakaicin zafin ajiya na 100°C na tsawon lokaci ba. Yana da kyau a guji matsin lamba na injiniya akan igiyoyin yayin haɗawa da bayansa. Yanayin ajiya mai kyau zai haɗa da kiyaye sassan a cikin yanayi mai bushewa, amintacce daga tsayayyen wutar lantarki a cikin ƙayyadaddun kewayon zafin ajiya (-55°C zuwa +100°C) don hana ɗaukar danshi ko wani lalacewa.

7. Bayanin Kwandon da Oda

Ba a yi cikakken bayani game da takamaiman tsarin kwandon (misali, tef da reel, girma) a cikin abubuwan da aka bayar ba. An gano lambar sashi a fili a matsayin LTE-1650. Takardar bayanan kanta ana komawa da ita ta hanyar Lambar Spec: DS-50-95-0017, Bita B. Lambar kwandon (A, B, C, D) zai zama muhimmin sashi na bayanin odar don tabbatar da cewa an ba da daidaitaccen matakin aiki. Dole ne masu zane su ƙayyade kwandon da ake buƙata lokacin yin oda don tabbatar da halayen ƙarfin radiant don aikace-aikacensu.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

LTE-1650 ya dace da aikace-aikace iri-iri. Babban ƙarfinsa na bugun jini ya sa ya dace da masu watsa sarrafa nesa na infrared, inda ake amfani da gajerun fashe-fashe masu ƙarfi don isar da siginofi. Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana da fa'ida a cikin gano kusanci da gano abu, inda ainihin daidaitawa tsakanin mai fitarwa da mai gano ba za a iya sarrafa su daidai ba. Ana iya amfani da shi a cikin sarrafa masana'antu don ƙidaya, rarrabawa, ko gano matsayi. Sauran amfani da yuwuwar sun haɗa da watsa bayanai a kan tazara gajere, karya katako na tsarin tsaro, da maɓallan da ba su taɓa su ba.

8.2 Abubuwan da ake la'akari da Zane

Lokacin yin zane tare da LTE-1650, dole ne a yi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa. Da'irar tuƙi dole ne ta iyakance ƙarfin ci gaba zuwa 60mA ko ƙasa, girmama lanƙwan raguwa a mafi girman yanayin zafin muhalli. Don aikin bugun jini, tabbatar cewa faɗin bugun jini da tsarin aiki ba sa haifar da matsakaicin rarrabawar ƙarfi ya wuce 100mW. Ƙarancin ƙarfin gaba yana ba shi damar tuƙi kai tsaye daga ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar lantarki (misali, tsarin 3.3V ko 5V) tare da mai iyakance ƙarfin resistor mai sauƙi. Zaɓin kwandon (A zuwa D) zai yi tasiri kai tsaye kan ƙarfin siginar da mai gano ya karɓa; babban kwandon yana ba da ƙarin ƙarfi, wanda zai iya inganta rabo siginar zuwa amo ko ba da damar tazara mai tsayi na aiki. Kwandon bayyananne baya tace hasken, don haka ana iya buƙatar tacewa na waje idan ana buƙatar toshe takamaiman tsawon zango. Gabaɗaya ba a buƙatar zubar da zafi don wannan kwandon a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun, amma shimfidar allon ya kamata ya ba da damar ɗan zubar da zafi ta hanyar igiyoyin.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun masu fitar da infrared, babban fa'idar bambance-bambancen LTE-1650 shine haɗinsa naiyawar babban ƙarfi(1A bugun jini, 60mA ci gaba) daƙarancin ƙarfin gaba(1.6V na yau da kullun). Yawancin masu fitar da infrared suna sadaukar da ɗaya don ɗayan. Wannan haɗin yana sa ya fi inganci kuma ya fi sauƙin tuƙi daga wadataccen wutar lantarki.faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 60wani muhimmin fa'ida ne akan masu fitarwa masu ƙunƙuntaccen kusurwa, yana rage buƙatun daidaitaccen daidaitawa a cikin haɗawa da amfani da samfurin ƙarshe.kwandon bayyananne mai tsabtaba ya ba da tace tsawon zango na asali, wanda zai iya zama fa'ida ko rashin lahani dangane da aikace-aikace; yana ba da cikakken fitarwar bakan na guntu, yayin da kwandon da aka yi da launi na iya ɗaukar wasu infrared da ake so ko hasken ja mai gani wanda wasu guntu ke fitarwa.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED kai tsaye daga fil ɗin microcontroller na 5V?

A: Ee, amma dole ne ka yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance ƙarfi. Lissafa ƙimar resistor ta amfani da R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F. Misali, tare da V_wadata=5V, V_F=1.6V, da I_Fda ake so=20mA, R = (5 - 1.6) / 0.02 = 170 Ohms. Yi amfani da ƙimar da ta gaba, misali, 180 Ohms.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin Tasirin Radiant na Budewa (E_e) da Ƙarfin Radiant (I_E)?

A: Ƙarfin Radiant (I_E, mW/sr) yana auna ƙarfin gani da aka fitar kowace kusurwa mai ƙarfi (steradian), yana bayyana yadda aka mayar da hankali kan katako. Tasirin Radiant na Budewa (E_e, mW/cm²) shine yawan ƙarfin da ke faruwa akan saman (kamar mai gano) a takamaiman nisa, wanda ya dogara da duka ƙarfi da nisa/geometry. I_Edukiya ce na tushe; E_eshine abin da mai gano yake gani.

Q: Ta yaya zafin jiki ke shafar aiki?

A: Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin lanƙwan, ƙara yanayin zafin muhalli yana rage matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba na ci gaba da aka halatta (Hoto na 2) kuma yawanci yana rage fitarwar radiant don wani ƙarfi (Hoto na 4). Ƙarfin gaba kuma yana da ƙimar zafin jiki mara kyau (yana raguwa tare da ƙara zafin jiki), wanda ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi a cikin ƙirar tuƙi na ci gaba.

Q: Me yasa aka sanya na'urar a kwandon?

A: Bambance-bambancen masana'antu suna haifar da ɗan bambanci a ingancin fitarwar haske tsakanin LED ɗin mutum ɗaya. Kwandon yana rarraba su zuwa ƙungiyoyin aiki (A, B, C, D) don haka masu zane za su iya zaɓar daidaitaccen matakin aiki don da'irar su, suna tabbatar da halayen tsarin da ake iya hasashen.

11. Nazarin Shari'ar Aikace-aikace na Aiki

Shari'a: Mai Gano Abu Mai Sauƙi.Amfani na gama gari shine a cikin tsarin gano infrared da aka daidaita don guje wa tsangwama na hasken muhalli. LTE-1650 yana tuƙi ta hanyar murabba'in 38kHz (mitar gama gari don masu karɓar IR) ta hanyar maɓallin transistor, yana ba da damar bugun jini har zuwa ƙimar 1A don isar da siginar mai ƙarfi. An haɗa shi da madaidaicin mai gano hoto na infrared mai daidaitawa 38kHz. Faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 60 na LTE-1650 yana ba mai fitarwa da mai gano damar sanya su a gefe a kan PCB, tare da filayen kallonsu suna mamaye a gaban na'urar. Lokacin da wani abu ya shiga wannan yanki mai mamaye, yana nuna hasken infrared da aka daidaita daga mai fitarwa zuwa mai gano. Na'urorin lantarki na tsarin sai su gano wannan siginar da aka nuna. Za a zaɓi babban fitarwa na LED na Kwandon C ko D don wannan yanayin gano mai nuni don tabbatar da isasshen siginar ya dawo ga mai gano. Ƙarancin ƙarfin gaba yana ba da damar dukan da'ira, gami da tuƙin LED, a yi amfani da shi daga dogo guda 3.3V ko 5V.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

LTE-1650 diode ne mai fitar da haske na semiconductor (LED). Aikinsa ya dogara ne akan electroluminescence a cikin haɗin gwiwar p-n semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin gaba, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi. A cikin wannan takamaiman na'urar, kayan semiconductor (yawanci bisa aluminum gallium arsenide, AlGaAs) an ƙera shi ta yadda wannan makamashi ya fi saki a matsayin photons na hasken infrared tare da kololuwar tsawon zango kusan 940 nm. Kwandon epoxy mai tsabta yana ɗauke da guntu na semiconductor, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, kuma yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau wanda ke siffanta hasken da aka fitar zuwa ƙayyadadden tsarin kusurwar kallo na digiri 60.

13. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin

Infrared emitters like the LTE-1650 represent a mature and reliable technology. Current trends in this field focus on increasing efficiency (more light output per unit of electrical input power), enabling higher modulation speeds for faster data transmission, and further miniaturization of packages. There is also a trend toward integrating the emitter with a driver circuit or even a detector into a single module to simplify system design. The 940nm wavelength remains highly popular because it offers a good balance between silicon detector sensitivity (which peaks around 900-1000nm) and low absorption in the atmosphere. While newer materials may offer slightly different wavelength options or higher efficiencies, the fundamental principles and application areas for devices like the LTE-1650 remain stable and widely applicable across consumer electronics, industrial controls, and automotive systems.