Bayanin Fasaha na IR Emitter LTE-2871 - Tsarin T-1 3/4 - Ƙarfin Gaba 1.6V - Tsawon Zango 940nm - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun bayanai na fasaha na kayan aikin infrared (IR) mai inganci. An ƙera na'urar don samar da ƙarfin haske mai ƙarfi a cikin kunkuntar kusurwar gani, wanda ya sa ta dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar hasken infrared mai jagora. Babban fa'idodinta sun haɗa da ƙira mai tsada da keɓaɓɓen halaye don fitarwa mai ƙarfi. Kasuwannin da aka yi niyya sun haɗa da sarrafa masana'antu, tsarin gano abubuwa, gano kusanci, da hanyoyin sadarwa na gani inda ingantaccen hasken infrared mai mai da hankali ya zama dole.

2. Cikakken Bincike na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Cikakken Iyakar Ƙimar

An ƙayyade duk ƙimar a yanayin zafin muhalli (T_A) na 25°C. Wucewa waɗannan iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar.

• Rushewar Ƙarfi:90 mW
• Ƙarfin Gaba na Kololuwa:1 A (a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini: 300 pps, faɗin bugun jini 10 μs)
• Ƙarfin Gaba na Ci gaba (I_F):60 mA
• Ƙarfin Baya (V_R):5 V
• Kewayon Zazzabin Aiki:-40°C zuwa +85°C
• Kewayon Zazzabin Ajiya:-55°C zuwa +100°C
• Zazzabin Solder na Jagora:260°C na dakika 5 (an auna 1.6mm daga jikin tsarin)

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

An auna mahimman sigogi na aiki a T_A=25°C tare da daidaitaccen gwajin ƙarfin I_F= 20 mA, sai dai idan an lura da wani abu.

• Ƙarfin Gaba (V_F):Al'ada 1.6 V, Matsakaici 1.6 V a I_F=20mA. Wannan sigogi yana bayyana raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan mai fitarwa lokacin aiki.
• Ƙarfin Baya (I_R):Matsakaici 100 μA a V_R=5V. Wannan yana nuna ƙarfin ɓarna lokacin da aka sanya na'urar a baya.
• Tsawon Zango na Kololuwa (λ_Kololuwa):940 nm. Wannan shine tsawon zango da mai fitarwa ke watsa mafi girman ƙarfinsa na gani, yana sanya shi a cikin kewayon infrared na kusa.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Tsawon Zango (Δλ):50 nm. Wannan yana ƙayyade faɗin band na hasken da aka fitar, wanda aka auna shi azaman cikakken faɗi a rabin matsakaici (FWHM) na jadawalin rarraba tsawon zango.
• Kusurwar Gani (2θ_1/2):Digiri 16. Wannan kunkuntar kusurwar katako tana tabbatar da fitarwa mai mai da hankali na na'urar, wanda aka ayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwar inda ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwa.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

An rarraba kayan aikin zuwa rukunin aiki bisa ga fitarwar haskensa. Wannan yana ba da damar zaɓi bisa ga matakan ƙarfin da ake buƙata. Manyan sigogi da aka rarraba sune Abin da ya faru na Hasken Hasken Budewa (E_ea cikin mW/cm²) da Ƙarfin Hasken (I_Ea cikin mW/sr), dukansu an auna su a I_F=20mA.

• Rukunin A: E_e: 0.44 - 0.96 mW/cm²; I_E: 3.31 - 7.22 mW/sr.
• Rukunin B: E_e: 0.64 - 1.20 mW/cm²; I_E: 4.81 - 9.02 mW/sr.
• Rukunin C: E_e: 0.80 - 1.68 mW/cm²; I_E: 6.02 - 12.63 mW/sr.
• Rukunin D: E_e: 1.12 mW/cm² (Mafi ƙanƙanta); I_E: 8.42 mW/sr (Mafi ƙanƙanta). Wannan yana wakiltar rukunin fitarwa mafi girma.

Dole ne masu ƙira su ƙayyade lambar rukunin da ake buƙata don tabbatar da ƙarfin gani ya cika buƙatun hankali na aikace-aikacen don tsarin mai gano.

4. Binciken Jadawalin Aiki

Takardar bayanai ta ƙunshi jadawali da yawa na halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Rarraba Tsawon Zango (Spectral Distribution)

Jadawalin fitarwa na tsawon zango (Hoto 1) ya tsaya a tsakiya sosai a kusa da tsayin zango na kololuwa na 940nm tare da ƙayyadadden rabin faɗi na 50nm. Wannan siffa yana da mahimmanci don dacewa da masu gano silicon, waɗanda ke da mafi girman hankali a wannan yanki, da kuma tabbatar da dacewa da matatun gani don ƙin hasken muhalli.

4.2 Ƙarfin Gaba da Ƙarfin Gaba (Jadawalin I-V)

Jadawalin halayen I-V (Hoto 3) yana nuna alaƙar al'ada ta ma'auni don diode semiconductor. Ƙayyadadden ƙarfin gaba na 1.6V (matsakaici) a 20mA yana ba da bayanan da ake buƙata don ƙira da'irar direba mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki. Jadawalin yana taimakawa wajen lissafin rushewar ƙarfi (V_F* I_F) a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin lantarki daban-daban na aiki.

4.3 Ƙarfin Hasken Dangi da Ƙarfin Gaba

Wannan jadawali (Hoto 5) yana kwatanta yadda ƙarfin fitarwa na gani ke auna tare da ƙarfin tuƙi. Yawanci yana da layi a kan babban kewayon amma yana iya nuna jikewa ko raguwar inganci a ƙarfin lantarki mai girma sosai. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don ƙayyade wurin aiki don cimma fitarwar gani da ake so ba tare da wuce iyakar ƙimar ƙarfi ba.

4.4 Dogaro da Zazzabi

Jadawali biyu suna cikakken bayanin aikin zafi. Hoto na 2 yana nuna yadda matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba da aka yarda yana raguwa yayin da zafin muhalli ya ƙaru sama da 25°C, wani muhimmin abin la'akari don amincin aiki. Hoto na 4 yana nuna ƙarfin hasken dangi a matsayin aiki na zafin muhalli, yana nuna raguwar ingancin fitarwa yayin da zafin ya tashi, wanda dole ne a biya diyya a aikace-aikacen gano daidai.

4.5 Tsarin Watsa Hasken (Radiation Pattern)

Jadawalin watsa haske na polar (Hoto 6) yana tabbatar da kunkuntar kusurwar gani na digiri 16. Tsarin yana nuna rarraba sararin samaniya na hasken infrared da aka fitar, wanda yake da mahimmanci don ƙira daidaitawar gani da kuma tabbatar da girman wurin da aka haskaka ya cika buƙatun aikace-aikacen.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Tsarin

5.1 Nau'in Tsari da Girman

Na'urar tana amfani da gyare-gyaren tsarin T-1 3/4 (5mm) mai ratsa rami. Manyan bayanan girma daga zanen sun haɗa da:

• Duk girma suna cikin millimeters (an ba da inci a cikin maƙallan).
• Daidaituwar al'ada ita ce ±0.25mm (±0.010") sai dai idan wani siffa na musamman ya buƙaci wani daidaito daban.
• Matsakaicin tsinkaya na resin a ƙarƙashin ƙwanƙolin tsarin shine 1.0mm (0.039").
• An auna tazarar jagora a wurin da jagororin suka fita daga jikin tsarin, wanda yake da mahimmanci don ƙira sawun PCB.

An ƙera tsarin don daidaitaccen aikin solder na igiyar ruwa ko na hannu.

5.2 Gano Polarity

Don tsare-tsare masu ratsa rami, yawanci ana nuna polarity ta wurin fili a gefen tsarin ko ta jagororin tsayi daban-daban (jagoran mafi tsayi yawanci shine anode). Dole ne a duba zanen girma na takardar bayanai don ainihin tsarin alama. Daidai polarity yana da mahimmanci don hana aikace-aikacen baya wuce iyakar 5V.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Dole ne a bi tsarin solder sosai don hana lalacewar zafi ga guntun semiconductor da ruwan tabarau na epoxy.

• Zazzabin Solder:Jagororin za su iya jure zafin 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5. An ɗauki wannan ma'aunin 1.6mm (0.063") daga jikin tsarin.
• Shawarar Tsari:Don solder na igiyar ruwa, daidaitaccen bayanin martaba tare da matakan dumama, zama, da sanyaya ya dace. Kada a wuce iyakar 260°C/5s a haɗin jagora-da-jiki.
• Tsaftacewa:Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa, yi amfani da kaushi masu dacewa da kayan epoxy na tsarin don guje wa hazo ko fashewar ruwan tabarau.
• Yanayin Ajiya:Ya kamata a adana na'urori a cikin ainihin jakar shinge na danshi a cikin zafin jiki da aka ƙayyade na ajiya (-55°C zuwa +100°C) kuma a cikin yanayi mai ƙarancin danshi don hana oxidization na jagora.

7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Haɗin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da kunkuntar katako ya sa wannan mai fitarwa ya dace da:

• Gano Kusanci da Kasancewa:Ana amfani dashi a cikin famfo na atomatik, masu ba da sabulu, busassun hannu, da gano mazauni.
• Masu Gano Gani na Masana'antu:Ƙidaya abu, gano gefe, da gano matsayi a cikin layukan masana'antu.
• Shinge na Gani da Masu Katsewa:Ƙirƙirar katako mai mai da hankali don gano abu a cikin tsarin tsaro ko labulen amincin injina.
• Hanyoyin Haɗin Bayanai na Gajeren Zango:Watsa bayanan infrared (IrDA) inda hasken jagora yana rage tsangwama da amfani da wutar lantarki.
• Hasken Hangon Dare:A matsayin tushen haske marar ganuwa don kyamarorin CCTV tare da masu gano infrared.

7.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

• Da'irar Direba:Tushen ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun ko resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki a jere tare da LED ya zama dole don saita I_F. Lissafa ƙimar resistor ta amfani da R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F, ta amfani da matsakaicin V_Fdon ƙira mai aminci.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Duk da cewa rushewar ƙarfi yana da ƙasa, yin aiki a yanayin zafi mai girma ko kusa da matsakaicin ƙarfin ci gaba yana buƙatar kulawa ga jadawalin rage ƙimar. Tabbatar da isasshen iska akan PCB.
• Daidaitawar Gani:Kunkuntar katako yana buƙatar daidaitaccen daidaitawar injiniya tare da mai gano abokin tarayya ko yankin da aka yi niyya. Yi amfani da jadawalin tsarin watsa haske don ƙirar gani.
• Kariyar Lantarki:Haɗa kariya daga haɗin ƙarfin baya da sauye-sauyen ƙarfin lantarki akan layin wadata, saboda matsakaicin ƙarfin baya shine 5V kawai.
• Zaɓin Rukunin (Bin):Zaɓi rukunin fitarwa da ya dace (A zuwa D) bisa ga hankalin mai karɓa da ƙimar sigina-zuwa-amo da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacen. Manyan rukunoni suna ba da ƙarin ƙarfin gani amma suna iya haifar da tasirin farashi.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambanci

Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun masu fitar da infrared, waɗanda ba su mai da hankali ba, wannan na'urar tana ba da fa'idodi na musamman:

• Mafi Girman Ƙarfin Hasken a cikin Kunkuntar Katako:Masu fitarwa na al'ada sau da yawa suna da kusurwar gani na 30° ko fiye, suna watsa haske a kan yanki mai faɗi. Wannan kayan aiki yana mai da hankali kan fitarwarsa zuwa katako na 16°, yana ba da mafi girman ƙarfi akan axis, wanda ke haifar da yuwuwar tazara mai tsayi na gano ko ƙarancin ƙarfin tuƙi da ake buƙata don sigina ɗaya da aka karɓa.
• An inganta don Gano:Kunkuntar katako yana rage yuwuwar tsangwama ta gani a cikin jerin masu gano da yawa kuma yana rage tunanin haske daga saman da ba a yi niyya ba, yana inganta daidaiton tsarin da amincin aiki.
• Aiki Mai Tsada Mai Inganci:Yana ba da halayen katako mai mai da hankali wanda sau da yawa yana da alaƙa da tsare-tsare masu ruwan tabarau masu tsada, amma a cikin daidaitaccen tsarin T-1 3/4 mai arha.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

Tambaya 1: Menene bambanci tsakanin Abin da ya faru na Hasken Budewa (E_e) da Ƙarfin Hasken (I_E)?

Amsa 1: Ƙarfin Hasken (I_E, mW/sr) ma'auni ne na ƙarfin gani da aka fitar kowace raka'ar kusurwa mai ƙarfi, yana bayyana "taro" na katako. Abin da ya faru na Hasken Budewa (E_e, mW/cm²) shine yawan ƙarfin lantarki da ya faru akan wani saman (kamar mai gano) a wani tazara na musamman, ya dogara da ƙarfi da nisa. I_Esiffa ce ta asali na mai fitarwa; E_eya dogara da ilimin lissafi na tsarin.

Tambaya 2: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan mai fitarwa da wadata 3.3V?

Amsa 2: A'a, yawanci. Tare da V na al'ada_Fna 1.6V a 20mA, ana iya amfani da resistor na jere don rage sauran ƙarfin lantarki (3.3V - 1.6V = 1.7V). Ƙimar resistor zata kasance R = 1.7V / 0.02A = 85 Ohms. Daidaitaccen resistor na 82 ko 100 Ohm zai dace, sake lissafin ainihin ƙarfin lantarki.

Tambaya 3: Me yasa tsayin zango na kololuwa yake 940nm ba 850nm ba?

Amsa 3: 940nm ba a iya gani da idon ɗan adam (yana bayyana ja mai duhu ko ba a iya gani ba) idan aka kwatanta da 850nm, yana sa ya fi dacewa don haske mai hankali. Dukansu tsayin zango ana iya gano su da inganci ta hanyar photodiodes na silicon, kodayake hankali ya ɗan yi girma a 850nm. Zaɓin ya dogara da buƙatar ganuwa da amsawar mai gano mafi girma.

Tambaya 4: Ta yaya zan fassara lambobin rarraba (A, B, C, D)?

Amsa 4: Rukunoni suna wakiltar ƙungiyoyin da aka tsara bisa ga aunannen fitarwar gani a masana'anta. Rukunin D yana da mafi girman tabbataccen fitarwa mafi ƙanƙanta, yayin da Rukunin A yana da mafi ƙanƙanta. Zaɓi rukunin bisa ga mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin gani da ake buƙata don da'irar mai karɓa ta yi aiki da aminci a ƙarƙashin duk yanayi (ciki har da tasirin zafin jiki da tsufa).

10. Nazarin Ƙira da Amfani

Yanayi: Ƙirar Ƙidaya Takarda don Fitarwa.

An sanya mai fitarwa da phototransistor a ɓangarorin gaba da baya na hanyar takarda. Kunkuntar katako na 16° na LTE-2871 yana da mahimmanci. Yana tabbatar da cewa an mai da hankali kan haske kai tsaye a kan tazarar zuwa mai gano, yana rage watsawa da tunani daga injinan cikin na'urar bugawa, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙidaya na ƙarya. Za a zaɓi mai fitarwa na Rukunin C ko D don samar da sigina mai ƙarfi ko da ƙurar takarda ta taru kaɗan akan ruwan tabarau. Da'irar direba za ta yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun na 20-40mA, kuma za a ƙera da'irar mai karɓa don gano faɗuwar sigina lokacin da takarda ta katse katakon da aka mai da hankali. Za a duba jadawalin rage ƙimar zafin jiki don tabbatar da aiki mai aminci a cikin na'urar bugawa, inda zafin muhalli zai iya kai 50-60°C.

11. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki

Mai fitar da infrared diode ne na semiconductor p-n junction. Lokacin da aka sanya shi a gaba (an sanya ƙarfin lantarki mai kyau ga anode dangane da cathode), electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki na kayan semiconductor (yawanci bisa aluminum gallium arsenide - AlGaAs). Wannan tsarin sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (ɓangarorin haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin yadudduka na semiconductor yana ƙayyade tsayin zango na photons da aka fitar; don wannan na'urar, an ƙera shi don zama 940nm, wanda yake cikin kewayon infrared na kusa. Gyaran tsarin ya haɗa da ruwan tabarau na epoxy wanda ke siffanta hasken da aka fitar zuwa ƙayyadadden tsarin kunkuntar katako, yana daidaita fitarwa don aikace-aikacen jagora.

12. Trends na Fasaha

A fagen masu fitar da infrared, trends na gabaɗaya suna mai da hankali kan ƙara inganci (ƙarin ƙarfin fitarwa na gani kowace wutar lantarki ta shigar da lantarki), ba da damar yin aiki da sauri don sadarwar bayanai, da haɓaka tsare-tsaren na'urar hawa saman (SMD) don haɗawa ta atomatik. Har ila yau, ana ci gaba da aiki don faɗaɗa zaɓuɓɓukan tsawon zango don takamaiman aikace-aikacen gano (misali, gano iskar gas) da haɗa masu fitarwa tare da direbobi da dabaru na sarrafawa cikin ƙirar wayo. Ainihin ka'idar electroluminescence a cikin kayan semiconductor ya kasance tushen wannan fasaha.