Fitilar LED Infrared 5mm Mai Bayyanar Ruwa - Girman 5.0mm Dia x 8.6mm H - Ƙarfin Gaba 1.6-2.0V - Tsawon Tsinkaya 850nm - Ƙarfin Haske 30-45mW/sr - Takardar Bayanan Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun bayanai don diode mai fitar da hasken infrared (IRED) wanda aka ƙera don faɗin aikace-aikacen gani. Na'urar an ƙirƙira ta don fitar da babban ƙarfin haske tare da halayen ƙarfin gaba mai ƙarancin ƙarfi, wanda ya sa ya dace da ƙira masu hankali ga wutar lantarki. Babban fitowar sa yana cikin tsarin hasken infrared na kusa, wanda ya tsaya a tsayin tsinkaya na 850 nanometers.

Babban fa'idodin wannan ɓangaren sun haɗa da ikonsa na aiki da babban halin yanzu, wanda kai tsaye yana fassara zuwa babban ƙarfin haske na gani. An kunna shi a cikin daidaitaccen tsari na 5mm tare da ruwan tabarau mai bayyanar ruwa, yana ba da faɗin kusurwar kallo don haskakawa ko karɓar yanki mai faɗi. Wannan ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai fa'ida don tsarin da ke buƙatar siginar infrared mai dogaro.

Kasuwa da manufa da yanayin aikace-aikace na yau da kullun sun haɗa da na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, sarrafa masana'antu, da tsarin tsaro. Amfanin gama gari ya haɗa da sarrafa nesa na infrared don talabijin da kayan aikin sauti, hanyoyin haɗin bayanai mara waya na ɗan gajeren zango, na'urori masu gano kutsawa a cikin ƙararrawar tsaro, da masu ɓoye gani. Ma'auni na aikin sa an inganta su don aikin bugun jini, wanda shine ma'auni a cikin ka'idojin sarrafa nesa da watsa bayanai.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Cikakkun Ma'auni na Iyaka

Aiki da na'urar fiye da waɗannan iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin. Matsakaicin ci gaba da halin yanzu na gaba an ƙididdige shi a 80 mA, tare da matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba na 1 A wanda aka halatta a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (300 pps, faɗin bugun jini na 10μs). Matsakaicin raguwar wutar lantarki shine 200 mW, wanda ke ƙayyadaddun ƙirar zafi na aikace-aikace. Na'urar na iya jure ƙarfin juyawa har zuwa 5V, ko da yake ba a ƙirƙira ta don aiki a cikin wannan tsarin ba. Yankunan aiki da ajiyar zafin jiki sune -40°C zuwa +85°C da -55°C zuwa +100°C, bi da bi, suna tabbatar da amincin a cikin muhallai masu tsauri. Dole ne a yi solder ɗin gubar a 260°C na fiye da 5 seconds, tare da tsinkayar ƙarfe aƙalla 1.6mm daga jikin epoxy.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

An auna ma'auni na aiki na maɓalli a daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na halin yanzu na gaba na 50 mA (I_F) da yanayin yanayi (T_A) na 25°C.

• Ƙarfin Haske (I_E):Ƙarfin haske na gani a kowane kusurwa mai ƙarfi, wanda ya kewayo daga mafi ƙarancin 30 mW/sr zuwa ƙimar yau da kullun na 45 mW/sr. Wannan shine ma'aunin hasken LED a cikin babban alkiblarsa.
• Tsawon Tsinkaya na Fitowa (λ_P):Tsawon tsinkaya na yau da kullun shine 850 nm, yana sanya shi a cikin yankin infrared na kusa, wanda ya dace da na'urorin gano hoto na silicon kuma ba a ganinsa ga idon ɗan adam fiye da gajerun tsayin daka.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Tsinkaya (Δλ):Kimanin 50 nm. Wannan yana bayyana faɗin tsinkaya, yana nuna kewayon tsayin daka da aka fitar a kusa da kololuwa.
• Ƙarfin Gaba (V_F):Yawanci 1.6V, tare da matsakaicin 2.0V a I_F=50mA. Ƙarancin V_Fwani muhimmin siffa ne don ingantaccen aiki, na'urori masu aiki da baturi.
• Halin Yanzu na Juyawa (I_R):Matsakaicin 100 μA a V_R=5V. Wannan ma'auni ne kawai don dalilai na gwaji; ba a nufin na'urar don aikin juyawa-bias ba.
• Lokacin Tashi/Faɗuwa (T_r/T_f):Nanoseconds 30. Wannan saurin sauyawa yana ba da damar aikin bugun jini mai girma don watsa bayanai.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 30. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwa, yana bayyana faɗin katako.

3. Binciken Lanƙwan Aiki

Takardar bayanai tana ba da lanƙwan halaye da yawa waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙira da'ira da hasashen aiki.

3.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Gaba (Lanƙwan I-V)

Wannan lanƙwan yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin halin yanzu da ke gudana ta LED da ƙarfin lantarki a cikinta. Ba layi ne ba, na yau da kullun na diode. Lanƙwan yana ba masu ƙira damar tantance ƙarfin tuƙi da ake buƙata don halin yanzu na aiki da kuma lissafin raguwar wutar lantarki (V_F* I_F). Ƙarancin ƙarfin gwiwa yana bayyana daga na yau da kullun V_Fna 1.6V.

3.2 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Haske vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Wannan jadawalin yana nuna yadda ƙarfin fitarwa na gani yake auna tare da shigar da halin yanzu. Gabaɗaya, ƙarfin haske yana ƙaruwa daidai da halin yanzu a cikin kewayon aiki na al'ada. Wannan daidaito yana da mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen daidaitawa na analog. Masu ƙira za su iya amfani da wannan don zaɓar halin yanzu na tuƙi da ya dace don cimma takamaiman matakin haske.

3.3 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Haske vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Wannan lanƙwan yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar tasirin zafi. Ƙarfin haske na LED yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗuwa ya ƙaru. Wannan jadawalin yana ƙididdige wannan raguwa, yana nuna ƙarfin fitarwa dangane da ƙimarsa a 25°C a cikin kewayon zafin aiki. Don aiki mai dogaro, dole ne a yi la'akari da sarrafa zafi don kiyaye kwanciyar hankali na fitarwa, musamman a cikin aikace-aikacen babban halin yanzu ko babban yanayin yanayi.

3.4 Rarraba Tsinkaya

Jadawalin tsinkaya yana kwatanta ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar a tsawon daka daban-daban. Yana tabbatar da kololuwa a 850 nm da kusan rabin faɗin 50 nm. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci lokacin daidaita LED tare da na'urar gano hoto, kamar yadda amsawar mai ganowa ta bambanta da tsawon daka.

3.5 Zanen Tsarin Radiation

Wannan zanen iyakacin duniya yana wakiltar kusurwar kallo a zahiri. Tsarin yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi, yana tabbatar da rabin kusurwar digiri 30. Yana taimakawa wajen ƙirar tsarin gani don takamaiman wuraren ɗaukar hoto, kamar tabbatar da mai karɓa yana cikin katakon LED.

4. Bayanan Injiniya da Kunshin

4.1 Girman Bayyanar

Na'urar ta yi daidai da daidaitaccen kunshin LED mai zagaye na 5mm. Mahimman girma sun haɗa da diamita na jiki na 5.0mm da matsakaicin tsayi na 8.6mm daga ƙasan ƙwanƙwasa zuwa saman ruwan tabarau. Tazarar jagora, wanda aka auna inda jagororin suka fita daga kunshin, daidaitaccen ma'auni ne na 2.54mm (0.1 inches). Ana jurewa yawanci ±0.25mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. An ba da izinin matsakaicin resin na 1.5mm a ƙarƙashin ƙwanƙwasa. Anode (ingantaccen jagora) yawanci ana gano shi ta tsayin jagora mai tsayi.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

5.1 Yanayin Ajiya

Ya kamata a adana abubuwan a cikin muhalli ƙasa da 30°C da 70% zafi na dangi. Da zarar an buɗe ainihin kunshin da aka rufe, dole ne a yi amfani da abubuwan cikin watanni 3 a ƙarƙashin sarrafa muhalli na <25°C da <60% RH don hana jijjiga gubar, wanda zai iya shafar solderability.

5.2 Tsaftacewa

Idan tsaftacewa ya zama dole, kawai dole ne a yi amfani da kaushi na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol. Sinadarai masu tsauri na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy.

5.3 Siffantar Ƙafar

Idan jagororin suna buƙatar lanƙwasa, dole ne a yi hakan kafin solder kuma a daidaitaccen zafin ɗaki. Ya kamata a yi lanƙwasa a wani wuri aƙalla 3mm nesa da tushen ruwan tabarau na LED. Kada a yi amfani da tushen tsarin jagora a matsayin fulcrum yayin lanƙwasa don guje wa damuwa akan haɗin mutuwa na ciki.

5.4 Tsarin Solder

Solder na Hannu (Ƙarfe):Matsakaicin zafin jiki na 350°C na fiye da 3 seconds kowace jagora. Dole ne tsinkayar ƙarfe ta zama ba kusa da 2mm daga tushen ruwan tabarau na epoxy ba.
Solder Wave:Shawarar bayanin martaba ya haɗa da pre-heat har zuwa 100°C na 60 seconds max, sannan kuma a biye da igiyar solder a 260°C max na 5 seconds. Matsayin tsoma dole ne ya zama ba ƙasa da 2mm daga tushen ruwan tabarau ba.
Gargadi Mai Muhimmanci:Dole ne a guje wa tsoma ruwan tabarau cikin solder. Yawan zafin jiki ko lokaci na iya haifar da nakasar ruwan tabarau ko gazawar bala'i. Solder na sake kunnawa na Infrared (IR) bai dace da wannan nau'in kunshin ta hanyar rami ba.

6. Bayanan Kunshin da Oda

An kunna abubuwan a cikin jakunkuna masu hana tashin hankali. Daidaitaccen tsarin shiryawa shine guda 1000 a kowace jakar. An shirya jakunkuna takwas a cikin akwati na ciki, kuma akwatunan ciki takwas sun zama akwatin jigilar kaya na waje guda ɗaya, wanda ya haifar da jimillar guda 64,000 a kowace akwatin waje.

7. Shawarwarin Ƙira na Aikace-aikace

7.1 Ƙira na Da'irar Tuƙi

LEDs na'urori ne masu aiki da halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske da hana cin abinci na halin yanzu, ana ba da shawarar sosai don amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na jerin ga kowane LED, ko da lokacin da aka haɗa LED da yawa a layi daya zuwa tushen wutar lantarki. Samfurin da'ira mai sauƙi (A) tare da resistor a cikin jerin tare da kowane LED shine madaidaicin hanya. Madadin samfurin (B), haɗa LED da yawa kai tsaye a layi daya ba tare da resistors ɗaya ba, ba a ƙarfafa shi ba kamar yadda ɗan bambanci a cikin ƙarfin gaba (V_F) na kowane LED zai haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin rabon halin yanzu kuma, saboda haka, haske.

Ƙimar resistor na jerin (R_s) za a iya ƙididdige shi ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R_s= (V_supply- V_F) / I_F, inda I_Fshine halin yanzu na aiki da ake so (misali, 50mA) kuma V_Fshine ƙarfin gaba na yau da kullun daga takardar bayanai (misali, 1.6V).

7.2 Kariya daga Zubar da Lantarki (ESD)

Wannan ɓangaren yana da hankali ga zubar da lantarki. Dole ne a aiwatar da ingantaccen sarrafa ESD yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa:

• Ma'aikata ya kamata su sanya bel ɗin wuyan hannu ko safar hannu masu hana tashin hankali.
• Dole ne duk tashoshin aiki, kayan aiki, da kayan aiki su zama daidaitattun tushe.
• Yi amfani da masu ionizer don kawar da cajin tsaye wanda zai iya taruwa akan ruwan tabarau na filastik.
• Ajiye da jigilar abubuwa a cikin kunshin mai ɗaukar hoto ko mai hana tashin hankali.

7.3 Iyakar Aikace-aikace da Amincewa

An yi nufin wannan samfurin don amfani da shi a cikin daidaitattun kayan aikin lantarki na kasuwanci da masana'antu, gami da sarrafa ofis, sadarwa, da kayan aikin gida. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amincin musamman inda gazawar za ta iya haifar da haɗarin rayuwa ko lafiya (misali, jirgin sama, tallafin rayuwa na likita, tsarin tsaro na sufuri), takamaiman tuntuba da cancanta suna da mahimmanci kafin ƙira.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambanci

Wannan IRED na 850nm ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar haɗuwababban ƙarfin fitarwa(30-45 mW/sr) daƙarancin ƙarfin gaba(1.6V typ.). Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun LED na gani ko ƙarancin ƙarfi na IRED, wannan yana ba da damar haskakawa mai haske ko tsayi mai tsayi a cikin na'urori masu amfani da baturi. Kusurwar kallon digiri 30 tana ba da daidaitaccen ma'auni tsakanin ƙarfin mayar da hankali da yankin ɗaukar hoto. Saurin saurin sauyawa na 30ns ya sa ya dace da sauƙaƙan sarrafa nesa da kuma ka'idojin watsa bayanai masu girma, sabanin na'urori masu jinkirin iyakance ga sauƙaƙan sauyawa.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED kai tsaye daga fil ɗin microcontroller na 3.3V ko 5V?
A: A'a. Dole ne koyaushe kuna amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na jerin. Fil ɗin microcontroller yana da iyakacin ikon samar da halin yanzu / nutsewa kuma ba shi da ingantaccen ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu. Haɗa LED kai tsaye zai wuce matsakaicin halin yanzu na fil, yana lalata microcontroller, kuma zai iya tuƙi LED.

Q: Me ya sa ƙimar halin yanzu na juyawa kawai don gwaji, ba don aiki ba?
A: LED diode ne da aka inganta don gudanar da gaba. Yin amfani da ƙarfin juyawa, ko da a cikin matsakaicin ƙimar 5V, baya sa shi yin aiki da amfani. Ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu na juyawa ma'auni ne na ɓarna da ake amfani da shi don gwajin inganci, ba ma'auni na ƙira don aikin da'ira ba.

Q: Ta yaya zan iya ƙididdige resistor da ake buƙata don wadatar 5V a 50mA?
A: Yin amfani da na yau da kullun V_Fna 1.6V: R = (5V - 1.6V) / 0.05A = 68 Ohms. Mafi kusancin ƙimar ma'auni shine 68Ω. Matsayin wutar lantarki na resistor ya kamata ya zama aƙalla P = I²R = (0.05)²* 68 = 0.17W, don haka resistor 1/4W ya isa.

Q: Menene manufar kunshin bayyanar ruwa idan hasken ba a gani ba?
A> Epoxy mai bayyanar ruwa yana da haske sosai ga hasken infrared na 850nm, yana rage asarar gani a cikin kunshin da kansa. Ruwan tabarau mai launi zai ɗauki wasu fitarwar IR, yana rage inganci. Kunshin bayyananne yana ba da damar matsakaicin ƙarfin haske.

10. Nazarin Ƙira da Amfani

Yanayi: Ƙira Mai Sauƙi na Watsa Sarrafa Nesa na Infrared.
Manufar ita ce watsa umarnin lambobi daga naúrar hannu zuwa mai karɓa har zuwa mita 10 a nesa a cikin ɗakin zama na yau da kullun.

Zaɓin Bangaren:Wannan IRED na 850mm zaɓi ne mai kyau saboda babban ƙarfin fitarwa (don kyakkyawan kewayon), aikin ƙarancin wutar lantarki (mai dacewa da ƙananan batura kamar sel 2xAA waɗanda ke ba da 3V), da saurin sauyawa (mai iya ɗaukar mitar 38kHz da ake amfani da ita a cikin sarrafa nesa).

Ƙira na Da'ira:Babban da'irar watsawa ya ƙunshi microcontroller yana samar da lambar da aka daidaita. Fil ɗin microcontroller yana tuƙa transistor (misali, NPN mai sauƙi kamar 2N3904) a cikin tsarin canji. IRED da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu an sanya su a cikin da'irar mai tattara transistor. Transistor yana aiki azaman maɓalli mai sauri, yana ba microcontroller damar buga LED tare da halin yanzu mai girma da ake buƙata (misali, bugun jini na 100mA) ba tare da loda fil ɗin MCU kai tsaye ba. An ƙididdige ƙimar resistor na jerin bisa ga ƙarfin baturi (3V), LED V_F(~1.6V), da halin yanzu na bugun jini da ake so.

Abubuwan da ake la'akari:Faɗin kusurwar kallon digiri 30 na LED yana tabbatar da cewa nesa baya buƙatar nuna daidai ga mai karɓa. Gargadin ESD yana da mahimmanci yayin haɗa naúrar hannu. Jagororin ajiya suna tabbatar da cewa LED suna ci gaba da zama masu iya solder yayin tsarin samarwa.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

Diode mai fitar da hasken Infrared (IRED) na'urar haɗin gwiwa ce ta semiconductor p-n. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin gaba, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, ana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsayin daka na fitaccen haske (850 nm a wannan yanayin) an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor, wanda a nan ya dogara akan Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) ko Aluminum Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs) mahadi. Kunshin epoxy "mai bayyanar ruwa" yana ɗauke da guntu na semiconductor, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, kuma yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau don siffata katakon fitarwa.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Abubuwan infrared daban-daban suna ci gaba da haɓakawa. Trends sun haɗa da haɓaka na'urori tare da mafi girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki da inganci don aikace-aikacen kewayon mai tsayi kamar LiDAR da hankali na lokacin tashi. Haka nan akwai turawa zuwa ƙananan ƙira zuwa kunshin na'urar haɗawa ta saman (SMD) don haɗawa ta atomatik da ƙananan siffofi. Bugu da ƙari, ana haɓaka abubuwan da ke da ƙarin sarrafa jurewar tsayin daka da kunkuntar tsinkaya don takamaiman hankali da aikace-aikacen sadarwa na gani don rage tsangwama da inganta ma'auni na sigina zuwa amo.