Bayanin Kayan Aiki LTE-302 Mai Fitowa da Infrared (IR) - Tsarin Kallo Daga Gefe - Tsawon Tsinkaya 940nm - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 1.6V - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfurin Gabaɗaya

LTE-302 ƙaramin mai fitowa infrared (IR) ne mai arha wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingantaccen gano abu ta hanyar haske. Babban fa'idarsa ta ta'allaka ne a cikin tsarinsa na filastik mai kallo daga gefe, wanda ke ba da damar yin ƙaramin tsari wanda ya dace da ƙirar da ke da ƙarancin sarari. Na'urar tana daidaitacce ta injiniya da kuma ta haske tare da jerin phototransistor na LTR-301, wanda ke sauƙaƙa ƙirar masu katse haske, na'urori masu gano abubuwa, da tsarin gano kusanci. Kasuwar da aka yi niyya ta haɗa da na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, sarrafa masana'antu, tsarin tsaro, da sauran aikace-aikacen gano abubuwa da ke buƙatar fitar da infrared mai inganci da aminci.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Halaye na Lantarki da na Haske

Ana ƙayyade aikin lantarki da na haske a yanayin zafin muhalli (T_A) na 25°C. Ma'auni mahimman sun haɗa da:

• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (V_F):Yawanci 1.6V a ƙarfin gaba (I_F) na 20mA, tare da matsakaicin 1.6V. Wannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar turawa.
• Tsawon Tsinkaya Mai Kololuwa (λ_Kololuwa):940 nanometers (nm). Wannan tsawon tsinkaya ya dace sosai don aikace-aikacen da ke amfani da na'urorin gano haske na silicon, waɗanda ke da kyakkyawan hankali a yankin infrared na kusa, kuma ba a iya ganinsa da sauƙi ga idon ɗan adam idan aka kwatanta da gajerun tsinkaya.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Tsinkaya (Δλ):50 nm. Wannan yana nuna faɗin tsinkaya na hasken da aka fitar, wanda ke tsakiya a kusa da tsawon tsinkaya mai kololuwa.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):digiri 40. Wannan yana bayyana faɗin kusurwar hasken da aka fitar inda ƙarfin ya kasance aƙalla rabin ƙarfin kololuwa.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Baya (I_R):Matsakaicin 100 µA a ƙarfin wutar baya (V_R) na 5V. Wannan ma'auni yana nuna ƙarfin ɓarna lokacin da aka sanya na'urar a baya.

2.2 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙididdiga

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna bayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Ba don aiki na ci gaba ba ne.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_D):75 mW.
• Ƙarfin Gaba na Ci Gaba (I_F):50 mA.
• Ƙarfin Gaba Mai Kololuwa:1 A a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (bugun jini 300 a kowace dakika, faɗin bugun jini 10 µs).
• Ƙarfin Wutar Baya:5 V.
• Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-40°C zuwa +85°C.
• Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-55°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zafin Solder na Jagora:260°C na dakika 5, an auna 1.6mm daga jikin tsari.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba

LTE-302 yana amfani da tsarin rarraba bisa ga ƙarfinsa na haske da kuma abin da ya faru na haske a buɗe ido. Wannan tsarin yana rarraba na'urori masu kama da ƙarfin fitarwa na haske don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin aikin aikace-aikace. Ana gwada kwandon a ƙarfin gaba na 20mA.

• Ƙarfin Haske (I_E):Ana auna shi a cikin milliwatts kowace steradian (mW/sr), yana wakiltar ƙarfin haske da aka fitar kowace raka'ar kusurwa mai ƙarfi. Kwandon ya bambanta daga B (0.662-1.263 mW/sr) zuwa F (matsakaicin 1.444 mW/sr).
• Abin da ya faru na Haske a Buɗe Ido (E_e):Ana auna shi a cikin milliwatts kowace murabba'in santimita (mW/cm²), yana wakiltar yawan ƙarfin wutar lantarki a buɗe idon mai fitarwa. Kwandon ya yi daidai da kwandon ƙarfin haske, daga B (0.088-0.168 mW/cm²) zuwa F (matsakaicin 0.192 mW/cm²).

Wannan rarrabuwa yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar na'urori tare da ƙarfin fitarwa na haske da ake buƙata don takamaiman nisan ganowa da hankalin mai karɓa, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen aikin tsarin.

4. Bincike na Lankwasa Aiki

Takardun bayanin yana ba da lankwasu masu halaye da yawa waɗanda ke kwatanta halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Rarraba Tsinkaya (Hoto na 1)

Wannan lankwasa tana nuna ƙarfin haske na dangi a matsayin aikin tsawon tsinkaya. Tana tabbatar da fitarwa mai kololuwa a 940nm da kuma rabin faɗin tsinkaya na kusan 50nm. Siffar ta kasance ta al'ada ga LED infrared na AlGaAs.

4.2 Ƙarfin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Hoto na 3)

Wannan lankwasa mai halaye ta IV (Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki-Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki) tana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Tana nuna alaƙar ƙima ta al'ada na diode. Lankwasa tana ba da damar kimanta raguwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki a ƙarfin wutar lantarki ban da yanayin gwaji na 20mA.

4.3 Ƙarfin Haske na Dangi vs. Ƙarfin Gaba (Hoto na 5)

Wannan jadawalin yana nuna cewa ƙarfin fitarwa na haske yana kusan layi tare da ƙarfin gaba a cikin kewayon aikin da aka ba da shawarar. Turawa LED fiye da matsakaicin ƙididdigansa ba zai haifar da haɓaka daidai gwargwado a cikin fitarwa ba kuma yana haifar da haɗarin lalacewa.

4.4 Ƙarfin Haske na Dangi vs. Yanayin Muhalli (Hoto na 4)

Wannan lankwasa tana nuna dogaro da zafin jiki na fitarwa na haske. Ƙarfin haske yana raguwa yayin da zafin muhalli ya karu. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan raguwa a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a yanayin zafi don tabbatar da tsarin ganowa yana riƙe da isasshen ƙarfin sigina.

4.5 Jadawalin Radiation (Hoto na 6)

Wannan makircin polar yana wakiltar kusurwar dubawa (2θ_1/2= 40°) ta gani. Yana nuna rarraba kusurwar hasken da aka fitar, wanda ke da mahimmanci don daidaita mai fitarwa tare da na'urar ganowa da kuma fahimtar filin ganowa.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Tsari

Na'urar tana amfani da ƙaramin tsari na filastik mai kallo daga gefe. Muhimman bayanan girma sun haɗa da:

• Ana ba da duk girma a cikin millimeters tare da inci a cikin baka.
• Tolerance na gabaɗaya na ±0.25mm (±0.010\") yana aiki sai dai idan an ƙayyade in ba haka ba.
• Ana auna tazarar jagora a wurin da jagororin suka fita daga jikin tsari.
• Madaidaicin kallo daga gefe yana nufin cewa babban axis na haske yana layi daya da saman PCB, wanda ya dace don ganowa mai nunawa ko katsewa a fadin allon.

Tuntuɓi cikakken zanen tsari a cikin ainihin takardun bayanin don ainihin girma, gami da girman jiki, tsawon jagora, da wurin buɗe ido.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Ingantaccen sarrafawa yana da mahimmanci ga aminci.

• Solder:Jagororin za su iya jure zafin solder na 260°C na dakika 5, muddin an yi amfani da zafi aƙalla 1.6mm (0.063\") nesa da jikin tsari na filastik. Wannan yana hana lalacewar zafi ga epoxy encapsulant da kuma gidan semiconductor.
• Hatsarin ESD:Ko da yake ba a bayyana shi a sarari don wannan na'urar ba, LED infrared gabaɗaya suna da hankali ga zubar da wutar lantarki (ESD). Ana ba da shawarar hanyoyin sarrafa ESD na yau da kullun (amfani da bel ɗin wuyan ƙasa, kumfa mai ɗaukar wutar lantarki) yayin haɗawa.
• Tsaftacewa:Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan solder, yi amfani da hanyoyi da kaushi masu dacewa da kayan lantarki na filastik don guje wa tsagewa ko lalacewar kayan.

7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

• Masu Katse Haske/Maɓallan Rami:Haɗe tare da phototransistor da ya dace (kamar LTR-301), mai fitarwa yana haifar da katako. Wani abu da ya wuce ta cikin ratayar yana katse katakon, yana haifar da siginar ganowa. Ana amfani da shi a cikin firinta, injinan sayar da kayayyaki, da na'urorin ƙidaya na masana'antu.
• Gano Abu Mai Nunawa:Ana sanya mai fitarwa da na'urar ganowa tare. Mai fitarwa yana haskaka wani saman, kuma na'urar ganowa tana gano hasken da aka nuna. Ana amfani da shi don gano takarda, gano matakin ruwa, da gano kusanci.
• Sarrafa Masana'antu & Tsaro:Ana amfani da shi a cikin labulen aminci, na'urori na ƙofar, da gano ɓarna.

7.2 Abubuwan da ake la'akari da ƙira

• Iyakance Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jerin ko direba mai ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ci gaba don iyakance ƙarfin gaba zuwa ƙimar da ake so (misali, 20mA). Lissafa ƙimar resistor ta amfani da R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F.
• Daidaituwar Haske:Daidaituwar injiniya daidai tsakanin mai fitarwa da na'urar ganowa yana da mahimmanci don matsakaicin ƙarfin sigina, musamman tare da kusurwar dubawa na 40°.
• Kariya daga Hasken Muhalli:Don ingantaccen aiki a cikin yanayi tare da hasken muhalli daban-daban (misali, hasken rana, fitilun ɗaki), yi la'akari da daidaita ƙarfin turawa mai fitarwa da kuma amfani da da'irar ganowa mai daidaitawa a cikin mai karɓa don tace siginar hasken muhalli na DC.
• Gudanar da Zafin Jiki:Tabbatar cewa na'urar tana aiki a cikin kewayon zafin jiki da aka ƙayyade. Rage matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba idan zafin muhalli ya kusanci iyakar sama na 85°C.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban bambancin LTE-302 yana ta'allaka ne a cikin takamaiman haɗin halayensa:

• Tsarin Kallo Daga Gefe vs. Duba Sama:Siffar kallo daga gefe babbar fa'ida ce don aikace-aikacen inda hanyar ganowa ta kasance layi daya da PCB, yana adana sararin samaniya idan aka kwatanta da masu fitarwa masu kallon sama.
• Daidai da Jerin LTR-301:Wannan tabbataccen daidaitawar injiniya da tsinkaya yana sauƙaƙa ƙira da saye don ƙirar katse haske, yana tabbatar da mafi kyawun aiki ba tare da buƙatar daidaita haske na al'ada ko tace tsinkaya ba.
• Ƙirar Ƙarami Mai Tsada:Yana ba da ma'auni na aiki da girma a farashi mai rahusa, yana sa ya dace don aikace-aikacen masu amfani masu yawa.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Tambaya: Menene manufar lambobin rarrabuwa (B, C, D, E, F)?

Amsa: Suna rarraba na'urori bisa ga ƙarfin fitarwa na haske (ƙarfin haske). Kuna zaɓar kwandon don tabbatar da tsarin na'urar ganowa yana da daidaitaccen ƙarfin sigina. Don nisan ganowa mai tsawo ko ƙananan na'urori masu hankali, ƙaramin kwandon (misali, E ko F) na iya zama dole.

Tambaya: Zan iya turawa wannan LED infrared tare da wadata 5V kai tsaye?

Amsa: A'a. Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar gaba shine 1.6V. Haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa 5V zai haifar da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai yawa, yana lalata na'urar. Dole ne koyaushe ku yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin wutar lantarki.

Tambaya: Me yasa tsawon tsinkaya mai kololuwa 940nm?

Amsa: 940nm yana cikin tsinkaya na infrared na kusa. Tsawon tsinkaya ne na gama gari saboda na'urorin gano haske na silicon (phototransistor, photodiodes) suna da kyakkyawan hankali a nan, kuma ba a iya ganinsa sosai, yana sa ya dace don aikace-aikacen ganowa na hankali.

Tambaya: Ta yaya zafin jiki ke shafar aiki?

Amsa: Kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 4, ƙarfin haske yana raguwa tare da ƙara zafin jiki. A cikin yanayi mai zafi, siginar fitarwa za ta kasance mai rauni. Ƙirar da'irar ku tare da isasshen gefe ko kuma yi la'akari da ramuwa da zafin jiki idan ana aiki a kan faɗi mai faɗi.

10. Ƙirar Aiki da Misalin Amfani

Hali: Ƙirar Na'urar Gano Takarda don Firinta.

Injiniya yana buƙatar gano kasancewar takarda a cikin tiren ciyarwa. Sun sanya mai fitarwa LTE-302 IR da phototransistor LTR-301 a ɓangarorin gaba da baya na hanyar takarda, suna haifar da katako. Lokacin da takarda ta kasance, tana toshe katakon, kuma fitarwa na phototransistor ya ragu. Kusurwar dubawa na 40° tana buƙatar daidaita kayan aiki a kan PCB a hankali don tabbatar da katakon yana da ƙanƙanta don ingantaccen ganowa amma ya isa don jurewa. Injiniya ya zaɓi na'urori daga Kwandon D don tabbatar da ƙarfin sigina ko da ƙura ta taru bayan lokaci. Da'ira mai sauƙi tare da resistor 150-ohm yana iyakance ƙarfin wutar lantarki zuwa ~20mA daga wadata 5V (5V - 1.6V / 20mA ≈ 170Ω, amfani da 150Ω don ɗan gefe). An haɗa fitarwa na phototransistor zuwa kwatankwacin ko shigarwar microcontroller don ƙididdige siginar ganowa.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

Mai fitarwa infrared diode ne na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka sanya shi gaba (ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai kyau da aka yi amfani da shi ga anode dangane da cathode), electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki na kayan semiconductor (yawanci aluminum gallium arsenide - AlGaAs). Wannan tsarin sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin yadudduka na semiconductor yana ƙayyade tsawon tsinkaya na photons da aka fitar, wanda ga LTE-302 yana tsakiya a 940nm. Tsarin filastik ya haɗa da ruwan tabarau na epoxy wanda ke siffanta hasken da aka fitar zuwa ƙayyadadden tsarin kusurwar dubawa.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Masu fitarwa infrared kamar LTE-302 manyan abubuwa ne masu aminci, masu dogaro. Trends na gabaɗaya a fagen sun haɗa da:

• Ƙara Haɗin Kai:Matsawa zuwa ƙirar da ke haɗa mai fitarwa, na'urar ganowa, da da'irar daidaita siginar (misali, ICs tare da haɗaɗɗen daidaitawa/ɓarna) don sauƙaƙa ƙira da inganta kariya daga hayaniya.
• Ƙaramin Girma:Ci gaba da rage girman tsari (misali, ƙirar ƙirar guntu) don dacewa da ƙananan na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani kamar na sawa da wayoyin hannu masu sirara.
• Mafi Girman Ingantacciyar Aiki:Haɓaka kayan aiki da tsarin don cimma mafi girman ƙarfin haske don takamaiman ƙarfin turawa, yana inganta rayuwar baturi a cikin na'urori masu ɗaukuwa.
• Tsinkaya da yawa da VCSELs:Don ingantaccen ganowa kamar lokacin tashi (ToF) da LiDAR, lasers masu fitarwa daga saman rami (VCSELs) da tsararrun suna zama gama gari, suna ba da ƙarfi mafi girma da ƙarfin daidaitawa fiye da LED infrared na gargajiya.