IR26-91C/L510/2D Fitilar LED Infrared - Kunshin SMD 3.0x1.0mm - Tsawon Ra'ayin 940nm - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 1.6V - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

IR26-91C/L510/2D ƙaramin na'urar fitilar infrared ce da ake hawa a saman (SMD). An saka ta a cikin kunshin ƙanƙanta mai girman 3.0mm x 1.0mm wanda aka yi da filastik mai tsabta tare da ruwan tabarau mai siffar kwalliya a saman. Babban aikinta shine fitar da hasken infrared wanda ya kai kololuwar tsawon ra'ayi na 940 nanometers (nm), wanda ya dace da hankalin na'urorin gano haske na silicon (photodiodes) da phototransistors na yau da kullun. Wannan ya sa ta zama madaidaicin tushe don tsarin gano infrared da sadarwa inda ake buƙatar haɗin gani daidai.

1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi na Asali

Na'urar tana ba da fa'idodi na fasaha da bin ka'idoji da yawa. Babban siffarta ta gani ita ce tsawon ra'ayi na 940nm, wanda aka zaɓa don mafi kyawun aiki tare da na'urorin gano silicon yayin da yake ba da kyakkyawar watsa iska. A fuskar lantarki, tana da ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar gaba na 1.3V a 20mA, wanda ke taimakawa wajen aiki mai inganci. An kera kayan don zama maras gubar (Pb-free) kuma ya bi ka'idar Tarayyar Turai na Hana Abubuwa Masu Haɗari (RoHS) da ka'idar Rajista, Kimantawa, Izini da Ƙuntatawa na Sinadarai (REACH). Hakanan an rarraba shi a matsayin maras halogen, tare da abun ciki na bromine (Br) da chlorine (Cl) kowanne ƙasa da 900 sassa a kowace miliyan (ppm) kuma jimlar su biyu ƙasa da 1500 ppm.

1.2 Ayyukan Da Ake Nufi

An ƙera wannan fitilar LED infrared don amfani a cikin tsarin infrared daban-daban. Ayyukan da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da na'urori masu gano kusanci, gano abu, maɓallai maras taɓawa, na'urori masu ɓoye haske (optical encoders), da hanyoyin watsa bayanai na ɗan gajeren zango. Ƙananan siffarta da ƙirar SMD sun sa ta dace da tsarin haɗawa ta atomatik a cikin na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, sarrafa masana'antu, da kayan aikin gano ciki na mota.

2. Bincike Kan Ma'auni na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bayani, fassarar ma'auni mahimman na lantarki, gani, da zafin jiki da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardar bayanan. Fahimtar waɗannan ƙimar yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira mai dogaro da kuma tabbatar da aikin na'urar na dogon lokaci.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni

Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni yana bayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Waɗannan ma'auni ba don ci gaba da aiki ba ne. Ci gaba da halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) an ƙididdige shi a 65 mA. Mafi girma mai yawa kololuwar halin yanzu na gaba (I_FP) na 700 mA ana yarda da shi, amma kawai a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan bugun jini: faɗin bugun ≤ 70 microseconds (μs) da cikakken aiki ≤ 0.7%. Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar baya (V_R) shine 5V, yana nuna LED tana da ƙarancin jurewa ga baya. Na'urar na iya aiki a cikin yanayin zafi (T_opr) daga -40°C zuwa +85°C kuma a adana (T_stg) daga -40°C zuwa +100°C. Matsakaicin zafin gishiri (T_sol) yayin sake kunnawa shine 260°C na tsawon lokacin da bai wuce dakika 5 ba. Rage wutar lantarki (P_d) a ko ƙasa da 25°C zafin iska kyauta shine 100 mW. Hakanan yana da kariya daga fitar da wutar lantarki (ESD), tare da ƙimar ƙirar Jikin Mutum (HBM) mafi ƙarancin 2000V da ƙimar ƙirar Injin (MM) mafi ƙarancin 200V.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Gani

Teburin Halayen Lantarki-Gani yana ba da ƙima na yau da kullun da matsakaici/ƙarami a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji (Ta=25°C). Ƙarfin haske (I_e), ma'aunin ƙarfin gani a kowane kusurwa mai ƙarfi, yawanci shine 8.0 milliwatts a kowace steradian (mW/sr) a halin yanzu na gaba na 20mA. Kololuwar tsawon ra'ayi (λ_p) yana tsakiya a 940nm. Faɗin ra'ayin ra'ayi (Δλ), wanda ke wakiltar kewayon tsayin ra'ayin da aka fitar a rabin kololuwar ƙarfi, yawanci shine 45nm. Ƙarfin wutar gaba (V_F) ya bambanta daga na yau da kullun 1.3V zuwa matsakaicin 1.6V a 20mA. Halin yanzu na baya (I_R) yana da matsakaicin ƙimar 10 microamperes (μA) lokacin da aka yi amfani da baya na 5V. Kusurwar kallo, wanda aka ayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwa inda ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwar, ba shi da daidaituwa: kusan digiri 130 a cikin X-axis da digiri 20 a cikin Y-axis. Wannan yana haifar da tsarin radiation mai elliptical sosai, wanda shine mahimmin la'akari na ƙira don siffar katako da daidaita na'urar gano.

3. Bincike Kan Lankwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanan ta haɗa da jadawali da yawa waɗanda ke nuna halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Waɗannan lankwasawa suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar alaƙar da ba ta layi ba da ƙira don muhallin aiki daban-daban.

3.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Wannan lankwasa rage ƙimar yana nuna yadda matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba da aka yarda da shi yana raguwa yayin da yanayin yanayi ke ƙaruwa. A 25°C, ana samun cikakken ƙimar 65mA. Yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi, dole ne a rage halin yanzu don hana wucewa matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa da iyakokin raguwar wutar lantarki, yana tabbatar da dogon lokaci mai dogaro.

3.2 Rarraba Ra'ayi

Jadawalin rarraba ra'ayi yana wakiltar fitar da haske a matsayin aiki na tsawon ra'ayi. Yana tabbatar da kololuwar a 940nm da kusan faɗin ra'ayi na 45nm (Cikakken Faɗi a Rabin Matsakaici - FWHM). Lankwasa yana nuna cewa ƙaramin haske mai gani (ƙasa da ~700nm) ana fitar da shi, wanda ake so don aiki mai hankali a cikin tsarin IR.

3.3 Ƙarfin Hasken Haske vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Wannan lankwasa yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin halin yanzun tuƙi da ƙarfin fitarwa na gani. Gabaɗaya yana layi a ƙananan halin yanzu amma yana iya nuna jikewa ko rage inganci a halin yanzu mai girma saboda tasirin zafi. Masu ƙira suna amfani da wannan don tantance halin yanzun tuƙi da ake buƙata don cimma takamaiman matakin sigina a na'urar gano.

3.4 Tsarin Radiation na Kusurwa

Jadawali daban-daban don X-axis da Y-axis suna nuna ƙarfin haske na dangi a matsayin aiki na motsi na kusurwa daga cibiyar gani (0°). Tsarin X-axis yana da faɗi sosai (~130° rabin kusurwa), yayin da tsarin Y-axis ya fi kunkuntar (~20° rabin kusurwa). Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan tsarin elliptical lokacin daidaita LED tare da na'urar gano ko ƙira abubuwan gani kamar ruwan tabarau ko buɗaɗɗen.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

4.1 Girman Kunshin da Jurewa

Na'urar tana da girman kunshin na 3.0mm a tsawon, 1.0mm a faɗi, da ƙayyadaddwen tsayi. An ba da cikakken zanen girma, gami da wuraren kafet, siffar ruwan tabarau, da alamar polarity (yawanci notch ko digo a gefen cathode). Duk girman da ba a ƙayyade ba yana da jurewa na ±0.1mm. Hakanan an kwatanta tsarin kafet ɗin gishiri da aka ba da shawarar don hawa kallon gefe don tabbatar da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na injiniya da samuwar haɗin gishiri yayin sake kunnawa.

4.2 Kunshin Kaset da Reel

Don haɗawa ta atomatik ɗauka da sanyawa, ana ba da LEDs a cikin kaset ɗin ɗaukar kaya da aka yi da kwalliya a kan reels. Takardar bayanan tana ba da madaidaicin girma na aljihun kaset ɗin ɗaukar kaya, tazara, da ƙayyadaddun reel. Reel na yau da kullun yana ƙunshe da guda 2000. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don daidaita kayan aikin haɗawa daidai.

5. Jagororin Gishiri da Haɗawa

Kula da gishiri daidai yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewa ga LED da kuma tabbatar da dogaron haɗin gishiri.

5.1 Bayanin Siffar Sake Gishiri

Bangaren ya dace da hanyoyin sake gishiri maras gubar (Pb-free). An ba da shawarar bayanin yanayin zafi, yawanci ya haɗa da dumama, jiƙa, sake kunnawa (matsakaicin zafi ≤ 260°C na ≤ dakika 5), da matakan sanyaya. Ya kamata adadin sake zagayowar bai wuce uku ba don rage damuwar zafi akan kunshin filastik da haɗin wayoyi na ciki.

5.2 Gishiri da Hannu da Sake Aiki

Idan gishiri da hannu ya zama dole, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan. Ya kamata zafin ƙarshen guntun gishiri ya zama ƙasa da 350°C, kuma lokacin tuntuɓar kowane tasha ya kamata ya iyakance zuwa dakika 3 ko ƙasa da haka. Ana ba da shawarar guntun ƙarfi (≤25W). Don sake aiki, ana ba da shawarar guntun gishiri mai kai biyu don dumama tashoshi biyu lokaci guda kuma don guje wa damuwa na injiniya akan haɗin gishiri. Ya kamata a tantance yuwuwar da tasirin sake aiki a baya.

5.3 Hankalin Danshi da Ajiya

Kunshin SMD yana da hankali ga danshi. Dole ne a adana na'urar a cikin jakar kariya daga danshi ta asali tare da busassun abu a ≤30°C da ≤90% danshin dangi (RH). Tsawon rayuwar shimfiɗa kafin buɗe jakar shekara ɗaya ce. Bayan buɗewa, ya kamata a adana abubuwan a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH kuma a yi amfani da su cikin sa'o'i 168 (7 kwanaki). Idan waɷannan sharuɗɗan sun wuce ko busassun abu ya nuna jikewa, ana buƙatar maganin gasa a 60 ±5°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 24 kafin amfani don cire danshin da aka sha da kuma hana "popcorning" yayin sake kunnawa.

6. La'akari Kan Ƙirar Aikace-aikace

6.1 Ƙirar Da'ira Mai Tuƙi

Muhimmin bayanin ƙira shine buƙatar iyakance halin yanzu. Dole ne a tuƙi LED tare da tushen halin yanzu ko, mafi yawanci, tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin jerin tare da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu. Takardar bayanan ta faɗi a sarari cewa ɗan ƙaramin canjin ƙarfin wutar lantarki zai iya haifar da babban canjin halin yanzu, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙonewa. Ƙimar resistor (R_limit) za a iya ƙididdige ta ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R_limit= (V_supply- V_F) / I_F, inda V_Fshine ƙarfin wutar gaba na LED a halin yanzu da ake so I_F. Yin amfani da matsakaicin V_F(1.6V) don wannan lissafin yana tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu bai wuce manufa a ƙarƙashin duk yanayi ba.

6.2 Ƙirar Gani da Daidaitawa

Saboda tsarin katako mai elliptical sosai (130° x 20°), ana buƙatar ƙirar gani mai kyau. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar tabo mai da'ira ko takamaiman bayanin haske, ana iya buƙatar na'urorin gani na biyu kamar ruwan tabarau ko masu haskakawa. Daidaitawar tsakanin LED da na'urar gano hoto kuma ya fi mahimmanci tare da kunkuntar Y-axis. Ya kamata masu ƙira su tuntuɓi jadawalin motsi na kusurwa don fahimtar faɗuwar ƙarfi.

6.3 Gudanar da Zafi

Duk da cewa raguwar wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa kaɗan (100mW matsakaici), ingantaccen gudanar da zafi har yanzu yana da mahimmanci, musamman a cikin yanayin yanayi mai zafi ko lokacin tuƙi a halin yanzu mai girma. Dole ne a bi lankwasa rage ƙimar. Tabbatar da isasshen yanki na jan ƙarfe akan PCB a ƙarƙashin da kewaye da kafet ɗin LED yana taimakawa wajen watsar da zafi da kuma kiyaye ƙananan zafin haɗin gwiwa, wanda ke kiyaye ingancin haske da tsawon rai.

7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

IR26-91C/L510/2D ya bambanta kansa a kasuwa ta hanyar haɗin takamaiman ma'auni. Tsawon ra'ayinta na 940nm ma'auni ne na gama gari, yana ba da daidaiton daidaito tsakanin hankalin na'urar gano silicon da ƙarancin tsangwama na hasken yanayi idan aka kwatanta da LEDs 850nm. Ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar gaba (1.3V na yau da kullun) fa'ida ce mai mahimmanci don da'irorin da ke amfani da baturi ko ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar lantarki, saboda yana rage sararin samaniya da ake buƙata don direba. Ƙananan ƙafar 3.0x1.0mm yana ba da damar shimfiɗar PCB mai yawa. Bin ka'idojin RoHS, REACH, da ma'auni maras halogen ya sa ya dace da kasuwannin duniya masu tsauraran ka'idojin muhalli. Kusurwar kallo mara daidaituwa na iya zama fa'ida ko ƙuntatawa, dangane da buƙatun gani na aikace-aikacen.

8. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

8.1 Me yasa resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ya zama dole?

LED diode ce mai siffar halin yanzu-ƙarfin wutar lantarki (I-V) mara layi. Bayan ƙarfin wutar lantarki, ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana haifar da babban ƙaruwa a cikin halin yanzu. Yin aiki kai tsaye daga tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki ba tare da resistor na jerin ba zai ba da damar halin yanzu ya tashi ba tare da sarrafawa ba, da sauri ya wuce Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni kuma ya lalata na'urar. Resistor yana ba da alaƙa mai layi, mai hasashe tsakanin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da halin yanzu na LED.

8.2 Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da fil ɗin microcontroller na 3.3V ko 5V?

Ee, amma koyaushe ana buƙatar resistor na jerin. Misali, don tuƙi a I_F=20mA daga wadataccen 3.3V, yana ɗauka V_F=1.5V: R = (3.3V - 1.5V) / 0.020A = 90 Ohms. Resistor na yau da kullun na 91 Ohm zai dace. Fil ɗin microcontroller dole ne kuma ya iya samar da ko nutse da halin yanzun 20mA da ake buƙata.

8.3 Menene manufar tsawon ra'ayi na 940nm?

Hasken infrared na 940nm ba a iya gani da idon ɗan adam, yana ba da damar aiki mai hankali. Silicon yana sha shi sosai, kayan da ake amfani da su a yawancin photodiodes da phototransistors, yana sa ganowa ya yi aiki da kyau. Hakanan yana fuskantar ƙarancin tsangwama daga tushen hasken yanayi na gama gari (wanda ke da ƙarancin abun ciki na IR a 940nm idan aka kwatanta da 850nm) kuma yana da ƙarancin saukin kamuwa da amo a cikin na'urori masu ɗaukar hoto.

8.4 Ta yaya zan gano anode da cathode?

Kunshin ya haɗa da alamar polarity. Tuntuɓi zanen girman kunshin a cikin takardar bayanan. Ya zama ruwan dare ga cathode a yi masa alama da kore, notch a cikin kunshin, ko kusurwa mai chamfered. Haɗin polarity mara daidaituwa zai hana LED fitar da haske kuma, idan an yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar baya da ya wuce 5V, zai iya lalata na'urar.

9. Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira Mai Aiki

Yi la'akari da ƙirar na'urar gano abu mai sauƙi ta amfani da wannan LED da phototransistor na silicon. Ana tuƙi LED ta wadataccen 5V ta hanyar resistor 180 Ohm (yakance halin yanzu zuwa ~20mA, yana ɗauka V_F=1.5V). An sanya phototransistor 'yan santimita kaɗan, an daidaita shi akan ginshiƙin gani ɗaya. Lokacin da babu wani abu, hasken IR daga LED bai kai phototransistor ba, kuma fitarwa yana da ƙasa. Lokacin da wani abu ya wuce tsakanin su, yana nuna wasu hasken IR akan phototransistor, yana haifar da ƙaruwar halin yanzun fitarwa. Ana iya haɓaka wannan siginar kuma a cika shi cikin mai kwatanta ko microcontroller ADC don gano kasancewar abu. Tsarin katako na elliptical na LED yana nufin yankin ganowa mai inganci na na'urar zai fi faɗi a kwance fiye da tsaye, wanda dole ne a yi la'akari da shi lokacin ayyana filin kallon na'urar.

10. Ka'idar Aiki

Fitilar LED Infrared (IR LED) tana aiki bisa ka'idar electroluminescence a cikin kayan semiconductor. IR26-91C/L510/2D yana amfani da guntu na Gallium Aluminum Arsenide (GaAlAs). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin wutar bandgap na diode, electrons daga yankin n-type ana shigar da su a cikin haɗin p-n zuwa yankin p-type, kuma ramuka ana shigar da su a cikin sabanin hanya. Waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji (electrons da ramuka) suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yankin aiki na haɗin gwiwa. Makamashin da aka saki yayin wannan sake haɗuwa ana fitar da shi azaman photons (ɓangarorin haske). Takamaiman abun ciki na semiconductor na GaAlAs yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yana ƙayyade tsawon ra'ayin photons da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, ya ta'allaka ne a kusa da 940nm a cikin bakan infrared.

11. Trends na Masana'antu

Kasuwar fitilun infrared na ci gaba da haɓakawa. Manyan abubuwan da ke faruwa sun haɗa da turawa don mafi girman ƙarfin haske da inganci daga ƙananan kunshin don ba da damar ƙarin ƙarfin gano a cikin ƙananan na'urori. Akwai haɓaka haɗin kai na IR LEDs tare da direbobi da na'urori masu gano cikakken modules ko tsarin-a-kunshin (SiP). Bukatar takamaiman tsayin ra'ayi yana rarrabuwa; yayin da 940nm ya kasance ma'auni, tsayin ra'ayi kamar 850nm (don sa ido) da 1050nm/1300nm (don takamaiman aikace-aikacen gano) suna samun ƙarfafawa. Bugu da ƙari, tuƙi don ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki da ingantaccen dogaro a cikin mota (misali, saka idanu ciki), mabukaci (misali, ID fuska), da aikace-aikacen IoT na masana'antu suna turawa ci gaba a fasahar guntu, kunshin, da gudanar da zafi don masu fitar da IR.