Takardar Bayanin Fasaha ta LTR-5576D Phototransistor - Kunshin 3.0x2.8x1.9mm - Vce 30V - Wutar Lantarki 100mW - Tace Kore Mai Duhu - Takardar Fasaha ta Turanci

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTR-5576D wani fototransista na silicon NPN ne wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen gano infrared. Babban aikinsa shine canza hasken infrared da ke faruwa zuwa wutar lantarki a tashar taro. Wani muhimmin siffa na wannan kayan shine kunshinsa na musamman na filastik kore mai duhu. An zaɓi wannan kayan kunshi musamman don rage ko yanke tsayin hasken da ake iya gani, don haka ƙara hankalin na'urar da zaɓi ga hasken infrared. Wannan ya sa ya dace musamman don aikace-aikace inda bambancewa tsakanin hasken muhalli da ake iya gani da siginar infrared da ake nufi ke da muhimmanci.

Babban fa'idodin LTR-5576D sun haɗa da faɗin kewayon aiki don igiyar taro, wanda ke ba da sassauƙa na ƙira. Yana ba da babban hankali ga hasken infrared, yana tabbatar da gano amintacce ko da a ƙananan matakan haske. Bugu da ƙari, yana da saurin lokutan sauyawa, wanda ke da halayen tashi da faɗuwa a cikin kewayon microsecond, yana ba da damar amfani da shi a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amsa mai sauri, kamar hanyoyin sadarwar bayanai, gano abu, da hankalin gudu.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. An ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin muhalli (T_A) na 25°C.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_D):100 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya watsawa azaman zafi. Wuce wannan iyaka yana haifar da haɗarin guduwar zafi da gazawa.
• Ƙarfin lantarki na Taro-Emitter (V_CEO):30 V. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da za a iya amfani da shi tsakanin taro da emitter tare da buɗe tushe (mai iyo).
• Ƙarfin lantarki na Emitter-Taro (V_ECO):5 V. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da za a iya amfani da shi tsakanin emitter da taro.
• Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon zafin muhalli wanda aka tabbatar da na'urar za ta yi aiki bisa ga ƙayyadaddun lantarki.
• Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-55°C zuwa +100°C. Kewayon zafin don ajiya mara aiki ba tare da lalacewa ba.
• Zafin Solder na Jagora:260°C na dakika 5, ana auna 1.6mm daga jikin kunshin. Wannan yana ayyana ƙuntatawar bayanin solder na reflow.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki & Gani

Waɗannan sigogi suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin gwaji a T_A=25°C.

• Ƙarfin lantarki na Rushewar Taro-Emitter, V_(BR)CEO:30 V (Min). Ana auna a I_C= 1mA tare da sifili irradiance (E_e= 0 mW/cm²).
• Ƙarfin lantarki na Rushewar Emitter-Taro, V_(BR)ECO:5 V (Min). Ana auna a I_E= 100μA tare da sifili irradiance.
• Ƙarfin lantarki na Jikewa na Taro-Emitter, V_CE(SAT):0.4 V (Max). Faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a cikin na'urar lokacin da ta kasance "a kan" gaba ɗaya (mai gudanarwa), an gwada shi a I_C= 50μA da E_e= 0.5 mW/cm². Ƙaramin V_CE(SAT)yana da kyawawa don sauyawa mai inganci.
• Lokutan Sauyawa:
  • Lokacin Tashi (T_r):15 μs (Typ). Lokacin da igiyar fitarwa ta tashi daga 10% zuwa 90% na ƙimar ƙarshenta.
  • Lokacin Faɗuwa (T_f):18 μs (Typ). Lokacin da igiyar fitarwa ta faɗi daga 90% zuwa 10% na ƙimar farkonta. An gwada shi a V_CC=5V, I_C=1mA, R_L=1kΩ.
• Igilar Taro Mai Duhu (I_CEO):100 nA (Max). Igilar ɓarna da ke gudana ta cikin taro lokacin da babu haske da ke faruwa (E_e= 0 mW/cm²) da V_CE= 10V. Ƙaramin igilar duhu yana da mahimmanci don kyakkyawan rabo siginar-amo a cikin gano ƙaramin haske.
• Raiton Igilar Taro a Matsayin Aiki (R):An ayyana shi azaman I_L1/I_L2, tare da ƙimar al'ada na 1.0 da min/max na 0.8/1.25. Wannan sigogi yana da alaƙa da daidaiton fitarwar igila a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin gwaji.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

LTR-5576D yana amfani da tsarin binning bisa matsakaicin igilar taro a matsayin aiki (I_C(ON)). Ana auna wannan igila a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayi: V_CE= 5V da irradiance (E_e) na 1 mW/cm². Ana rarraba na'urori zuwa kwandon shara daban-daban (A zuwa F) bisa ga kewayon I_C(ON)da aka auna. Kowane kwandon shara yana da alaƙa da takamaiman alamar launi don sauƙin ganewa.

An ba da saiti biyu na iyakoki: mafi ƙarfiSaitin Samarwakewayon da ake amfani da su yayin rarraba masana'antu, da mafi faɗiIyakar Kula da Inganci (Q.C.)da ake amfani da su don gwajin karɓa na ƙarshe.

Wannan binning yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar na'urori masu daidaitaccen hankali don takamaiman buƙatun da'irar su, yana tabbatar da aikin da ake iya hasasawa a cikin samar da girma.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanin tana ba da lanƙwasa halaye da yawa waɗanda ke nuna halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Igilar Taro Mai Duhu vs. Zafin Muhalli (Hoto na 1)

Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna cewa igilar taro mai duhu (I_CEO) yana ƙaruwa da yawa tare da hawan zafin muhalli. A 25°C, yana cikin kewayon nanoampere, amma yana iya ƙaruwa sosai a ƙarshen kewayon zafin aiki (+85°C). Wannan halayen yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irori waɗanda dole ne su kiyaye kwanciyar hankali a kan faɗin kewayon zafin, yayin da ƙaruwar igilar duhu ke aiki azaman maƙasudi ko tushen amo.

4.2 Ragewar Wutar Lantarki na Taro vs. Zafin Muhalli (Hoto na 2)

Wannan jadawalin yana nuna ragewar matsakaicin wutar lantarki da za a iya amfani da ita yayin da zafin muhalli ke ƙaruwa. A 25°C, na'urar na iya watsar da cikakken 100 mW. Yayin da zafin ya tashi, dole ne a rage wannan matsakaicin wutar lantarki a layi don hana wuce iyakar zafin haɗin gwiwa. Wannan lanƙwasa yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa zafi da tabbatar da aiki mai aminci a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma.

4.3 Lokacin Tashi & Faɗuwa vs. Resistance na Kaya (Hoto na 3)

Wannan makircin yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin saurin sauyawa (T_r, T_f) da juriyar kaya (R_L) da aka haɗa zuwa taro. Lokutan sauyawa suna raguwa yayin da juriyar kaya ta ragu. Wannan saboda ƙaramin R_Lyana ba da damar caji da cirewa mai sauri na capacitance haɗin gwiwar fototransista da kowane capacitance parasitic a cikin da'ira. Masu ƙira za su iya amfani da wannan lanƙwasa don inganta R_Ldon daidaitaccen ma'auni tsakanin saurin sauyawa da girman siginar fitarwa.

4.4 Dangantakar Igilar Taro vs. Irradiance (Hoto na 4)

Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna aikin canja wuri na fototransista: dangantakar tsakanin hasken infrared da ke faruwa (E_e, a cikin mW/cm²) da igilar taro da aka samu (I_C). Lanƙwasa yawanci yana layi a kan wani kewayon. Wannan layi yana da mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen hankali na analog inda igilar fitarwa ya kamata ya yi daidai da ƙarfin haske. An ɗauki makircin a V_CE= 5V.

5. Bayanin Injiniya & Kunshi

5.1 Girman Kunshi

LTR-5576D yana zuwa a cikin daidaitaccen kunshin kallon gefe mai ƙugiya 3. Manyan girma (a cikin millimeters) sune kamar haka, tare da juriya na gabaɗaya na ±0.15mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade in ba haka ba:

• Jikin Kunshi: Kusan 3.0mm a tsayi, 2.8mm a tsayi, da 1.9mm a zurfi (ban da jagororin).
• Tazarar Jagora: Nisan tsakiyar jagororin ƙima ce ta daidaitacce, ana auna inda suka fito daga jikin kunshin.
• Resin Mai Tsinkaya: Matsakaicin 1.5mm na resin na iya tsinkaya a ƙarƙashin flange.

Kayan filastik kore mai duhu na kunshin yana da mahimmanci ga aikinsa, yana tace hasken da ake iya gani.

5.2 Ganewar Polarity

Na'urar tana da jagorori uku: Emitter, Taro, da Tushe (sau da yawa ana barin shi ba a haɗa shi ba ko kuma ana amfani da shi don resistor bias a wasu tsari). Pinout ɗin daidaitacce ne don wannan nau'in kunshin, amma dole ne masu ƙira koyaushe su tuntubi cikakken zanen kunshin a cikin takardar bayanin don daidaitaccen alkibla. Haɗin da bai dace ba zai iya lalata na'urar.

6. Jagororin Solder & Taro

Sarrafawa da taron fototransista suna buƙatar kulawa don guje wa lalacewa daga fitar da lantarki na electrostatic (ESD) da zafi mai yawa.

• Kariya na ESD:Na'urar tana da hankali ga ESD. Dole ne a bi daidaitattun hanyoyin sarrafa ESD mai aminci, gami da amfani da bel ɗin wuyan ƙasa da saman aiki masu gudanarwa.
• Solder Reflow:Matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar solder na jagora shine 260°C na dakika 5, ana auna 1.6mm daga jikin kunshin. Wannan yayi daidai da daidaitaccen bayanin reflow mara gubar. Dole ne a sarrafa bayanin a hankali don guje wa girgizar zafi ko wuce wannan iyaka.
• Solder Wave:Idan an yi amfani da shi, ya kamata a yi solder wave tare da dumin farko da ya dace don rage matsin lamba na zafi akan kunshin filastik.
• Tsaftacewa:Yi amfani da kaushi na tsaftacewa waɗanda suka dace da kayan filastik kore mai duhu don guje wa canza launi ko lalacewa.
• Ajiya:Ajiye a cikin yanayi mai bushewa, mai kariya ta ESD a cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon zafin -55°C zuwa +100°C.

7. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

• Gano Abu da Hankalin Kusanci:Ana amfani da shi a cikin na'urori kamar famfo ta atomatik, busassun hannu, masu rarraba takarda, da tsarin tsaro don gano kasancewar ko rashin wani abu ta hanyar nuna hasken infrared.
• Kayan Aiki ta Atomatik:Don ƙidaya abubuwa akan bel ɗin jigilar kaya, gano matsayin sassan injina, ko a cikin maɓallan gani don saurin gudu da martani na matsayi.
• Kayan Lantarki na Masu Amfani:A cikin masu karɓar sarrafa nesa (ko da yake sau da yawa ana haɗa su da IC na musamman), na'urori masu hankali na hasken muhalli don sarrafa haske na nuni, da na'urori masu hankali a cikin firinta ko na'urorin faifai.
• Hanyoyin Bayanai na Asali:Don sauƙaƙe, watsa bayanan infrared na ɗan gajeren zango (misali, tsarin masu bin IrDA a ƙananan sauri).

7.2 Abubuwan da ake la'akari da ƙira

• Da'irar Bias:Ana iya amfani da fototransista a cikin tsari guda biyu na gama gari: maɓalli mai sauƙi (tare da resistor ja sama) ko a cikin yanayin layi don hankali na analog. Ƙimar resistor kaya (R_L) yana da mahimmanci kuma yana shafar riba, bandwidth (saurin sauyawa), da jujjuyawar ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa.
• Ƙin Hasken Muhalli:Kunshin kore mai duhu yana ba da babban ƙin hasken da ake iya gani, amma bai cika ba. Don yanayin haske mai girma na muhalli, ƙarin tace gani, siginar IR da aka daidaita, ko dabarun gano aiki tare na iya zama dole don inganta ingancin siginar.
• Daidaitawar Zafin Jiki:Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin lanƙwasa, igilar duhu yana ƙaruwa tare da zafin jiki. Don daidaitaccen hankali na analog, da'irori na iya buƙatar daidaitawar zafin jiki ko amfani da na'urar a cikin tsari na bambanci don soke maƙasudin da ya dogara da zafin jiki.
• Ƙirar Gilashi da Gida:Filin kallon na'urar an ƙaddara shi ta kunshinsa. Ana iya amfani da gilashin waje ko buɗaɗɗen buɗe ido don mayar da hankali ko ƙuntata yankin hankali kamar yadda ake buƙata don aikace-aikacen.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambance-bambance

Babban bambance-bambancen LTR-5576D shinekunshin filastik kore mai duhu. Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun kunshin bayyananne ko marasa launi, wannan yana ba da tacewa na asali na hasken da ake iya gani, yana sauƙaƙe ƙirar gani a cikin yanayi tare da sauye-sauyen hasken muhalli da ake iya gani. Shisaurin lokutan sauyawa(a cikin kewayon 15-18 μs) ya sa ya dace don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amsa mai sauri fiye da na al'ada na fototransista, waɗanda zasu iya samun lokutan sauyawa a cikin dubunnan zuwa ɗaruruwan microseconds. Thecikakken tsarin binning(Kwandon Shara A-F) yana ba masu ƙira tabbataccen kewayon hankali, yana ba da damar aiki mafi daidaito a cikin samar da girma idan aka kwatanta da sassan da ba a bin su ba tare da faɗaɗa sigogi.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Menene manufar kunshin kore mai duhu?
A: Filastik kore mai duhu yana aiki azaman tace gani na gina ciki. Yana rage yawancin bakan hasken da ake iya gani yayin da yake ba da damar tsayin hasken infrared ya wuce zuwa guntuwar silicon. Wannan yana rage martanin na'urar ga hasken ɗaki na muhalli, hasken rana, ko wasu tushen da ake iya gani sosai, yana sa ta mayar da martani da farko ga siginar infrared da ake nufi.

Q: Ta yaya zan zaɓi resistor kaya daidai (R_L)?
A: Zaɓin ya ƙunshi ciniki. Babban R_Lyana ba da girman jujjuyawar ƙarfin lantarki mai fitarwa don takamaiman photocurrent (riba mafi girma) amma yana haifar da saurin sauyawa (duba Hoto na 3). Ƙaramin R_Lyana ba da amsa mai sauri amma ƙaramin riba. Zaɓi R_Lbisa ko fifikon ku shine hankali (hankali na analog) ko sauri (sauyawa na dijital).

Q: Menene binning (A-F) ke nufi ga ƙirar ta?
A: Binning yana tabbatar da daidaiton hankali. Idan an tsara da'irar ku don takamaiman bakin kofa na igila, amfani da na'urori daga kwandon shara ɗaya yana tabbatar da cewa duk zasu kunna a kusan matakin haske iri ɗaya. Haɗa kwandon shara zai iya haifar da wasu raka'a su zama mafi hankali ko ƙasa da wasu. Zaɓi kwandon shara wanda I_C(ON)kewayon ya dace da wurin aikin da'irar ku.

Q: Zan iya amfani da wannan na'urar a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye?
A: Yayin da kunshin kore mai duhu yana taimakawa, hasken rana kai tsaye yana ƙunshe da adadi mai yawa na hasken infrared wanda zai iya cika na'urar. Don aikace-aikacen waje ko babban-IR na muhalli, ana buƙatar ƙarin matakan, kamar masu tace bandpass na gani waɗanda aka daidaita su da takamaiman tsayin tushen IR, kariyar jiki, ko amfani da tushen IR da aka daidaita tare da gano aiki tare.

10: Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira mai Amfani

Yanayi: Ƙirar Na'urar Hankalin Rarraba Takarda.
Manufar ita ce gano hannun da aka sanya a ƙarƙashin mai rarrabawa kuma a kunna injin. An sanya fitilar LED IR a gaban mai ganowa LTR-5576D. A al'ada, hasken infrared yana buga mai ganowa, yana haifar da igila. Lokacin da hannu ya katse hasken, igilar ta faɗi.

Matakan Ƙira:
1. Tsarin Da'ira:Yi amfani da fototransista a cikin tsarin sauyawa na emitter gama gari. Haɗa taro zuwa wutar lantarki (misali, 5V) ta hanyar resistor kaya R_L. An haɗa emitter zuwa ƙasa. Ana ɗaukar ƙarfin lantarki mai fitarwa a tashar taro.
2. Zaɓin R_L:Tunda sauri ba shi da mahimmanci (motsin hannu yana jinkiri), fifita kyakkyawan motsi siginar. Daga Hoto na 4, a wani irradiance mai ma'ana, I_Czai iya zama ~500μA (Kwandon Shara C). Zaɓin R_L= 10kΩ yana ba da motsi na ƙarfin lantarki na ΔV = I_C* R_L≈ 5V, wanda yake da kyau don tuƙi shigarwar dabaru.
3. Zaɓin Binning:Zaɓi kwandon shara (misali, Kwandon Shara C ko D) wanda ke ba da isasshen igila tare da fitarwar LED IR da aka zaɓa a nisan ganowa da ake buƙata. Wannan yana tabbatar da kunna amintacce.
4. Rashin Lafiyar Hasken Muhalli:Kunshin kore mai duhu na LTR-5576D yana ƙin yawancin bambance-bambance a cikin hasken ɗaki kai tsaye, yana sa tsarin ya ƙarfi ba tare da hadadden tacewa ba.
5. Yanayin Fitarwa:Ƙarfin lantarki na taro (babba lokacin da hasken ya kasance, ƙasa lokacin da aka katse shi) ana iya ciyar da shi kai tsaye cikin mai kwatanta ko filin GPIO microcontroller don sarrafawa.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

Fototransista a zahiri transistor ne na haɗin gwiwa bipolar (BJT) inda igilar tushe ke haifar da haske maimakon haɗin lantarki. A cikin LTR-5576D (nau'in NPN), photons na infrared da ke faruwa akan haɗin gwiwar tushe-taro suna haifar da nau'i-nau'i na electron-ramu. Waɗannan masu ɗaukar hoto suna sharewa ta hanyar filin lantarki a kan haɗin gwiwar tushe-taro mai karkatar da baya, suna haifar da photocurrent. Wannan photocurrent yana aiki azaman igilar tushe (I_B) don transistor. Saboda ribar igilar transistor (β ko h_FE), igilar taro (I_C) ya fi girma fiye da asalin photocurrent (I_C≈ β * I_B). Wannan haɓaka na ciki shine abin da ke ba fototransista babban hankalinsa idan aka kwatanta da photodiode mai sauƙi.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Fannin hankali na gani yana ci gaba da haɓakawa. Trends masu alaƙa da sassa kamar LTR-5576D sun haɗa da:
Haɗin kai:Ƙara haɗin mai ganowa tare da da'irorin gaba na analog (masu haɓaka transimpedance, ADCs) da dabaru na dijital zuwa mafita guntu ɗaya ko modules.
Takamaiman Tsawon Tsawon:Haɓaka na masu ganowa tare da lanƙwasa martani mai kaifi ko daidaitawa don takamaiman aikace-aikace kamar hankalin gas ko nazarin halittu.
Ƙananan Girma:Ci gaba da rage girman kunshi don dacewa cikin ƙananan na'urorin masu amfani da na likita.
Ingantaccen Aiki:Ƙoƙarin ƙara rage igilar duhu, haɓaka sauri, da ƙara hankali don aikace-aikacen ƙaramin wutar lantarki. Ka'idar asali na fototransista ta kasance mai inganci, amma aiwatar da ita da tsarin tsarin tallafi na ci gaba da ci gaba.