LTR-S971-TB IR Phototransistor Datasheet - Side View Package - Vce 30V - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTR-S971-TB wani ɓangare ne na infrared (IR) phototransistor da aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen gano abubuwa. Yana cikin babban iyali na na'urorin lantarki da gani da aka yi niyya don amfani a wuraren da ake buƙatar gano hasken infrared mai dogaro. Babban aikin wannan ɓangaren shine canza hasken infrared da ke faɗowa zuwa siginar lantarki, musamman wutar lantarki mai tattara (collector current) wacce ta yi daidai da ƙarfin hasken infrared da aka karɓa.

Babban fa'idodinsa sun haɗa da ruwan tabarau mai siffar kumfa mai kallon gefe wanda ke cikin fakitin baƙi, wanda ke taimakawa wajen jagorantar filin gani da yuwuwar rage tsangwama daga hasken muhalli daga wasu kusurwoyi. An yi fakitin na'urar don hanyoyin haɗawa na zamani, ana samar da ita akan tef mai girman 8mm akan reel mai diamita 13-inch, wanda ya sa ta dace da na'urorin sanya ta atomatik da hanyoyin gyarawa na infrared reflow. Haka nan tana bin ka'idojin RoHS da ma'auni na samfuran kore.

Kasuwanni da aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya don wannan phototransistor sun fi kasancewa a cikin na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani da kuma gano abubuwa a masana'antu. Manyan wuraren aikace-aikace sun haɗa da zama mai karɓar infrared a cikin tsarin kamar na'urorin sarrafa nesa, da kuma ba da damar gano infrared da aka saka akan PCB don ayyuka kamar gano kusanci, gano abu, da hanyoyin haɗin watsa bayanai na asali inda infrared ke zama matsakaici.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

Aikin LTR-S971-TB an ayyana shi ta hanyar saitin iyakar ƙididdiga da cikakkun halaye na lantarki/na gani, duk an ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin muhalli (TA) na 25°C.

2.1 Iyakar Ƙididdiga

Waɗannan ƙididdiga sun ayyana iyakokin matsin lamba waɗanda bayansu lalacewa ta dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Ba a yi niyyar su don aiki na al'ada ba.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):100 mW. Wannan shine iyakar wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya watsawa a matsayin zafi.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Tattara-Mai Fitowa (V_CE):30 V. Iyakar ƙarfin lantarki da za a iya amfani da shi tsakanin tashoshin mai tattara da mai fitawa.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Fitowa-Mai Tattara (V_EC):5 V. Iyakar ƙarfin lantarki na baya da za a iya amfani da shi tsakanin mai fitowa da mai tattara.
• Kewayon Zafin Aiki (T_op):-40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon zafin muhalli don aikin na'urar mai dogaro.
• Kewayon Zafin Ajiya (T_stg):-55°C zuwa +100°C. Kewayon zafin muhalli don ajiyar da ba aiki ba.
• Yanayin Gyarawa na Infrared:Yana jure 260°C na iyakar dakika 10, yana ayyana iyawar sa na gyarawa ta hanyar reflow.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & Na Gani

Waɗannan sigogi suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji, suna wakiltar halayen aiki na al'ada.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Tattara-Mai Fitowa na Rushewa (V_(BR)CEO):30 V (Mafi ƙarancin). An auna shi tare da wutar lantarki ta baya (I_R) na 100µA kuma babu hasken infrared da ke faɗowa (E_e= 0 mW/cm²).
• Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Fitowa-Mai Tattara na Rushewa (V_(BR)ECO):5 V (Mafi ƙarancin). An auna shi tare da I_E= 100µA kuma babu haske.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Tattara-Mai Fitowa na Cikakken Jiki (V_CE(SAT)):0.4 V (Mafi girma). Ƙarfin lantarki a kan na'urar lokacin da ta kasance cikakkiyar "a kunne," an gwada shi a I_C= 100µA a ƙarƙashin hasken haske na 0.5 mW/cm².
• Lokacin Tashi (T_r) & Lokacin Faɗuwa (T_f):15 µs (Na al'ada). Waɗannan sigogi na saurin sauyawa ana auna su tare da V_CE=5V, I_C=1mA, da R_L=1kΩ, yana nuna dacewarsa don gano matsakaicin sauri.
• Wutar Lantarki Mai Tattara a cikin Duhu (I_CEO):100 nA (Mafi girma). Wutar lantarki mai ɓarkewa da ke gudana daga mai tattara zuwa mai fitowa lokacin da babu haske, a V_CE=20V. Ƙananan ƙima ya fi kyau don rabon siginar zuwa amo.
• Wutar Lantarki Mai Tattara a Matsayin Kunne (I_C(ON)):4.0 mA (Na al'ada). Wutar lantarki mai fitarwa lokacin da aka haskaka na'urar, an gwada shi a V_CE=5V a ƙarƙashin hasken haske na 0.5 mW/cm² daga tushen 940nm. Wannan sigogi ne mai mahimmanci na hankali.

3. Bincike na Lanƙwan Ayyuka

Takardun bayanan yana nufin wani sashe don lanƙwan halaye na lantarki/na gani na al'ada. Waɗannan siffofi na hoto suna da mahimmanci ga injiniyoyin ƙira don fahimtar halayen na'urar fiye da ƙayyadaddun sigogi guda ɗaya.

Yayin da ba a ƙayyade takamaiman lanƙwan a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, zane-zane na al'ada na phototransistor kamar LTR-S971-TB zai haɗa da:

• Wutar Lantarki Mai Tattara (I_C) daidai da Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Tattara-Mai Fitowa (V_CE):Iyali na lanƙwan da aka ƙayyade ta matakan daban-daban na hasken infrared da ke faɗowa (E_e). Wannan yana nuna halayen fitarwa da yankin cikakken jiki.
• Wutar Lantarki Mai Tattara (I_C) daidai da Hasken Hasken da ke Faɗowa (E_e):Wannan zane, sau da yawa a ƙayyadadden V_CE, yana nuna layi (ko rashin layi) na amsawar phototransistor zuwa ƙarfin haske, wanda ke tsakiyar hankalinsa.
• Amsa ta Bakan:Lanƙwan da ke nuna hankalin dangi na na'urar a duk faɗin tsayin raƙuman haske daban-daban. Yayin da yanayin gwaji ya ƙayyade 940nm, wannan lanƙwan zai nuna tsayin raƙuman amsa mafi girma da faɗin hankali, mai mahimmanci don tace hasken da ba a so.
• Dogaro da Zazzabi:Zane-zane da ke nuna yadda manyan sigogi kamar wutar lantarki a cikin duhu (I_CEO) da wutar lantarki mai tattara (I_C) ke bambanta da zafin muhalli, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga ƙira da ke aiki a waje da zafin ɗaki.

4. Bayanan Injiniya & Fakitin

4.1 Girman Tsarin

Na'urar tana da fakitin kallon gefe tare da ruwan tabarau mai siffar kumfa. An ba da duk girmansu a cikin milimita tare da ƙayyadaddun jurewa na ±0.1 mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade akasin haka. Cikakken zanen injiniya yana ayyana girman jiki, tazarar jagora, matsayin ruwan tabarau, da cikakken sawun da ke da mahimmanci ga shimfidar PCB.

4.2 Girman Gindin Gyarawa da Ake Shawarci

An ba da tsarin ƙasa (sawu) da ake shawarci don PCB. Bin waɗannan girmansu yana tabbatar da samuwar haɗin gyarawa daidai, kwanciyar hankali na injiniya, da kuma sauƙin zafi yayin aikin gyarawa.

4.3 Girman Fakitin na Tef da Reel

Cikakkun zane-zane suna ƙayyade girman tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya (girman aljihu, tazara), tef ɗin rufewa, da girman reel. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don saitin layin haɗawa ta atomatik. Manyan ƙayyadaddun da aka lura sune reel 13-inch mai ɗauke da guda 9000, tare da iyakar abubuwan da suka ɓace biyu a jere da aka yarda, bin ka'idojin ANSI/EIA 481-1-A-1994.

5. Jagororin Gyarawa & Haɗawa

5.1 Yanayin Ajiya

Na'urar tana da hankali ga danshi. A cikin jakar kariya daga danshi da aka rufe tare da abin bushewa, ya kamata a ajiye ta a ≤30°C da ≤90% RH kuma a yi amfani da ita cikin shekara guda. Da zarar an buɗe ta, yanayin ajiya bai kamata ya wuce 30°C da 60% RH ba. Abubuwan da suka fita daga fakitin asalinsu fiye da mako guda ya kamata a gasa su a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin gyarawa don hana "fasar gasa" yayin reflow.

5.2 Sigogi na Gyarawa

Gyarawa ta Reflow:Ana ba da shawarar bayanin martaba mai bin JEDEC.

• Shirye-shiryen Zafi: 150–200°C na iyakar dakika 120.
• Matsakaicin Zafi: Iyakar 260°C.
• Lokacin sama da 260°C: Iyakar dakika 10, tare da iyakar zagayowar reflow biyu da aka yarda.

Gyarawa da Hannu (Ƙarfe na Gyarawa):

• Zafin Ƙarfe: Iyakar 300°C.
• Lokacin Haɗuwa: Iyakar dakika 3 a kowane haɗin gwiwa.

Takardun bayanan yana jaddada cewa mafi kyawun bayanin martaba ya dogara da takamaiman ƙirar PCB, abubuwan da aka haɗa, da kuma man gyarawa da aka yi amfani da shi.

5.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan gyarawa, kawai abubuwan kaushi na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol ne ya kamata a yi amfani da su.

6. Bayanan Aikace-aikace & Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

6.1 Ƙira na Kewayen Turawa

Phototransistor a zahiri na'urar fitarwa ce ta wutar lantarki. Takardun bayanan yana ba da jagora mai mahimmanci don turawa da yawa na'urori.Samfurin Kewayen (A)shine tsarin da ake ba da shawara, inda kowane phototransistor yana da nasa resistor na iyakance wutar lantarki a jere wanda aka haɗa shi da ƙarfin lantarki mai wadata. Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton ƙarfi ta hanyar rama ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin halayen wutar lantarki-ƙarfin lantarki (I-V) tsakanin na'urori guda ɗaya.Samfurin Kewayen (B), inda na'urori da yawa suka raba resistor guda ɗaya, ba a ba da shawara ba saboda zai iya haifar da rashin daidaiton haske ko rabon wutar lantarki saboda rashin daidaito na na'urar.

6.2 Iyakar Aikace-aikace da Gargaɗi

An yi niyyar ɓangaren don daidaitattun kayan aikin lantarki (ofis, sadarwa, gida). Takardun bayanan ya haɗa da takamaiman gargaɗi game da amfani da shi a cikin aikace-aikacen da suka shafi aminci ko babban dogaro—kamar su jirgin sama, tallafin rayuwa na likita, ko tsarin sarrafa sufuri—ba tare da tuntuɓar farko da cancanta ba, saboda gazawar na iya haifar da haɗari ga rayuwa ko lafiya.

6.3 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

• Masu Karɓar Sarrafa Nesa na Infrared:Gano siginonin infrared da aka daidaita daga na'urorin sarrafa nesa.
• Gano Kusanci da Abu:Gano kasancewa ko rashin wani abu ta hanyar gano hasken infrared da aka nuna ko aka toshe.
• Hanyoyin Haɗin Bayanai na Infrared na Asali:Don watsa bayanai mara waya na ɗan gajeren zango, mara sauri.
• Na'urori na Ƙararrawar Tsaro:A matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin gano kutsawa ta hanyar karya katako ko na nuni.

7. Ka'idar Aiki

Phototransistor yana aiki bisa ka'idar tasirin haske a cikin tsarin transistor na haɗin gwiwa na bipolar (BJT). Ƙwayoyin haske masu isasshen ƙarfi (a cikin bakan infrared don wannan na'urar) ana sha su a yankin haɗin gwiwa na tushe-mai tattara, suna haifar da nau'ikan electron-ramuwa. Waɗannan masu ɗaukar hoto suna samun haɓaka ta hanyar ribar wutar lantarki na transistor (beta, β). Sau da yawa ana barin tashar tushe ba a haɗa ta ba ko kuma ana amfani da ita tare da resistor don sarrafa karkata. Sakamakon fitarwa shine wutar lantarki mai tattara (I_C) wacce ta fi girman wutar lantarki na farko, yana ba da haɓakar siginar asali. Ruwan tabarau na kallon gefe yana mai da hankali kuma yana jagorantar hasken infrared mai shigowa zuwa yankin semiconductor mai hankali, yana ayyana filin gani na na'urar.

8. Bayanan Fakitin da Oda

Fakitin daidaitaccen shine guda 9000 a kowace reel 13-inch. Ƙayyadaddun tef da reel suna bin ka'idojin ANSI/EIA don tabbatar da dacewa da injunan sanyawa da sanyawa ta atomatik. Lambar sashi LTR-S971-TB ta keɓance wannan bambance-bambancen (mai yiwuwa yana nuna nau'in fakitin 'TB' don kallon gefe).

9. Tambayoyin da aka Yi (FAQs) dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha

Q: Menene saurin amsa na al'ada na wannan na'urar gano?

A: Lokutan tashi da faɗuwa na al'ada sune microseconds 15, yana sa ya dace don gano siginonin infrared da aka daidaita waɗanda aka saba da su a cikin na'urorin sarrafa nesa, waɗanda galibi suna aiki a mitoci masu ɗaukar kaya kamar 38 kHz.

Q: Yaya LTR-S971-TB ke da hankali?

A: A ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na 0.5 mW/cm² a 940nm da V_CE=5V, yawanci yana ba da 4.0 mA na wutar lantarki mai tattara. Ƙananan hasken haske da ake buƙata don samar da wutar lantarki mai amfani, mafi girman hankali.

Q: Zan iya amfani da shi a waje ko a cikin yanayi mai zafi?

A: Kewayon zafin aikinsa shine -40°C zuwa +85°C, yana ba da damar amfani da shi a cikin yanayi daban-daban. Duk da haka, masu ƙira dole ne su yi la'akari da dogaron zafin wutar lantarki a cikin duhu da wutar lantarki mai fitarwa, wanda zai iya shafar rabon siginar zuwa amo a matsanancin yanayi.

Q: Me ya sa ake buƙatar resistor daban ga kowane phototransistor a layi daya?

A: Saboda bambance-bambancen ƙira na halitta, halayen I-V na phototransistors guda ɗaya sun ɗan bambanta. Wani resistor da aka raba yana tilasta musu samun ƙarfin lantarki iri ɗaya, wanda zai iya haifar da rashin daidaito mai yawa na wutar lantarki. Resistors guda ɗaya suna ba da damar kowane na'urar ta daidaita kanta, yana tabbatar da rabon wutar lantarki da aiki mafi daidaito.

10. Misalin Ƙira da Amfani

Yanayi: Ƙirar ƙididdigar abu mai sauƙi ta amfani da na'urar gano karya katako ta IR.

1. Saitawa:An sanya mai fitarwa na IR (IRED) a gefe ɗaya na bel ɗin jigilar kaya, kuma an sanya phototransistor na LTR-S971-TB kai tsaye a gaba.
2. Kewaye:An saita phototransistor a cikin saitin mai fitowa na gama-gari. An haɗa resistor na ja sama (misali, 1kΩ zuwa 10kΩ) daga mai tattara zuwa V_CC(misali, 5V). An haɗa mai fitowa zuwa ƙasa. An ɗauki siginar fitarwa daga kumburin mai tattara.
3. Aiki:Lokacin da katakon IR bai katse ba, ana haskaka phototransistor, yana sa shi ya gudanar da aiki kuma ya ja ƙarfin lantarki mai tattara ƙasa (kusa da V_CE(SAT)). Lokacin da wani abu ya karya katakon, hasken ya daina, phototransistor ya kashe, kuma resistor ya ja ƙarfin lantarki mai tattara sama.
4. Sarrafa Siginar:Wannan canjin ƙarfin lantarki na dijital (ƙasa-zuwa-sama) ana iya ciyar da shi cikin filin shigar dijital na microcontroller ko mai kwatanta don kunna tsarin ƙidaya.
5. Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira:Ƙimar resistor na ja sama yana shafar saurin sauyawa da amfani da wutar lantarki. Hasken infrared na muhalli (misali, daga hasken rana) na iya haifar da faɗuwar ƙarya, don haka tsarin na iya buƙatar tacewa ta gani, gida don kare hasken muhalli, ko daidaitawa/rage daidaitawar katakon IR.

Lura: Bayyanar samfur da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na iya canzawa ba tare da sanarwa ba don ingantawa.