Takardun Bayani na Fasaha na LTR-C950-TB-T IR Phototransistor - Kunshin Duba Gege - Vce 30V - Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

LTR-C950-TB-T wani ɓangare ne na infrared (IR) phototransistor da aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen gano abubuwa. Yana cikin babban iyali na na'urorin lantarki da gani (optoelectronic) waɗanda aka yi niyya don amfani da su a cikin tsarin da ke buƙatar ingantaccen gano hasken infrared. Babban aikin wannan ɓangaren shine canza hasken infrared da ke faɗowa zuwa halin lantarki da ya dace a tashar Collector dinsa. Kunshinsa na dubawa gefe, mai ruwan tabarau mai kumbura tare da ginin baƙi an inganta shi don ɗora akan PCB kuma yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa tsangwama na hasken muhalli.

An ƙera na'urar don dacewa da tsarin haɗawa na atomatik na zamani, gami da kayan aikin sanyawa da gishirin reflow na infrared. An siffanta shi da amsawa ga hasken infrared mai tsawon zango na 940nm, wanda aka saba amfani dashi a cikin tsarin sarrafa nesa da tsarin gano abubuwa daban-daban don guje wa hayaniyar haske da ake iya gani.

1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi na Tsakiya

• Mai Bin Ka'idojin RoHS & Samfurin Kore:An yi shi ba tare da abubuwa masu haɗari ba, yana bin ka'idojin muhalli.
• Ƙirar Gani:Yana da ruwan tabarau na dubawa gefe, baƙi, mai kumbura wanda ke ba da takamaiman filin gani kuma yana taimakawa wajen kare na'urar gano abubuwa daga hasken muhalli da ba'a so.
• Dacewar Masana'antu:Ana ba da shi a cikin kaset mai faɗin 8mm akan rili mai diamita 7-inch, wanda ya sa ya dace gaba ɗaya da injunan sanyawa atomatik masu sauri (pick-and-place).
• Dacewar Tsari:An ƙididdige shi don jure yanayin gishirin reflow na infrared da aka saba amfani dashi a layukan haɗawa na fasahar sanyawa saman (SMT).
• Kunshi daidaitacce:Ya yi daidai da bayyanannen tsarin kunshi na EIA, yana tabbatar da hasashe a cikin ƙirar gindin PCB.

1.2 Aikace-aikacen da Ake Nufi

Wannan phototransistor ya dace da kewayon aikace-aikacen lantarki inda ake buƙatar gano abu ba tare da taɓawa ba. Misalan aikace-aikace na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

• Masu Karɓar Infrared:Fassara siginoni daga masu sarrafa nesa a cikin kayan lantarki na mabukaci (TV, tsarin sauti, akwatunan saiti).
• Na'urorin Gano Kusa/Abu da Aka ɗora akan PCB:Gano kasancewa, rashi, ko matsayin wani abu a cikin kayan aikin gida, kayan aikin atomatik, da na'urorin tsaro.
• Sauya Gani na Asali:Ana amfani dashi a cikin masu katsewa irin na rami ko na'urorin gano abubuwa masu nunawa.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

Sasannin masu zuwa suna ba da cikakken bayani game da iyakokin aiki na na'urar da halayen ayyukanta a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin gwaji.

2.1 Iyakar Iyakoki na Gaskiya

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda bayansu lalacewa ta dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_D):100 mW. Matsakaicin wutar lantarki mai ci gaba da na'urar za ta iya watsawa a matsayin zafi.
• Ƙarfin lantarki Collector-Emitter (V_CEO):30 V. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da za'a iya amfani dashi tsakanin tashoshin Collector da Emitter.
• Ƙarfin lantarki Emitter-Collector (V_ECO):5 V. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya tsakanin Emitter da Collector.
• Kewayon Zazzabin Aiki (T_A):-40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon zazzabin muhalli don aiki na yau da kullun.
• Kewayon Zazzabin Ajiya (T_stg):-55°C zuwa +100°C. Kewayon zazzabi mai aminci ga na'urar lokacin da ba a kunna wutar lantarki ba.
• Yanayin Gishiri na Infrared:Yana jure zazzabi kololuwa na 260°C har zuwa matsakaicin dakika 10 yayin reflow.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & na Gani

Ana auna waɗannan sigogi a zazzabin muhalli (T_A) na 25°C kuma suna ayyana matsakaicin aikin na'urar.

• Ƙarfin lantarki Rushewar Collector-Emitter (V_(BR)CEO):30 V (Mafi ƙarancin). Ƙarfin lantarki inda takamaiman ƙaramin halin baya (I_R= 100µA) ke gudana ba tare da haske ba (E_e= 0 mW/cm²).
• Ƙarfin lantarki Rushewar Emitter-Collector (V_(BR)ECO):5 V (Mafi ƙarancin). Haka yake da V_(BR)CEOamma don yanayin baya.
• Ƙarfin lantarki Cikakken Collector-Emitter (V_CE(SAT)):0.4 V (Matsakaicin). Ƙarfin lantarki a kan Collector da Emitter lokacin da transistor ya kasance gaba ɗaya "a kunne" (yana gudanarwa) a ƙarƙashin irradiance na 0.5 mW/cm² da halin Collector (I_C) na 100µA. Ƙimar ƙasa tana nuna mafi kyawun aiki.
• Lokacin Tashi (T_r) & Lokacin Faɗuwa (T_f):15 µs (Matsakaicin). Lokacin da ake buƙata don halin fitarwa ya tashi daga 10% zuwa 90% (lokacin tashi) ko faɗi daga 90% zuwa 10% (lokacin faɗuwa) na matsakaicin ƙimarsa don amsa shigar haske mai bugun jini. An auna shi da V_CE=5V, I_C=1mA, da R_L=1kΩ.
• Halin Dark na Collector (I_CEO):100 nA (Matsakaicin). Ƙaramin halin ɓarna da ke gudana daga Collector zuwa Emitter lokacin da babu haske da ke faɗowa akan na'urar (V_CE= 20V). Ƙasa tafi yana da kyau ga hankali.
• Halin Collector a Yanayin Kunna (I_C(ON)):1.5 zuwa 9.2 mA. Halin Collector da aka samar lokacin da aka haskaka na'urar da maɓuɓɓugar infrared daidaitacce (E_e=0.5 mW/cm², λ=940nm, V_CE=5V). Wannan shine maɓallin sigogi na hankali.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabe (Binning)

Ana rarraba na'urori zuwa kwandon ayyuka bisa ga Halinsu na Collector a Yanayin Kunna (I_C(ON)). Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar ɓangarorin masu daidaitaccen hankali don takamaiman buƙatun da'irar su.

• KWANDON A: I_C(ON)kewayon daga 1.5 mA (Mafi ƙarancin) zuwa 2.9 mA (Matsakaicin).
• KWANDON B: I_C(ON)kewayon daga 2.9 mA (Mafi ƙarancin) zuwa 5.5 mA (Matsakaicin).
• KWANDON C: I_C(ON)kewayon daga 5.5 mA (Mafi ƙarancin) zuwa 9.2 mA (Matsakaicin).

Ana amfani da jurewar ±15% ga iyakokin kowane kwandon. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi la'akari da wannan bambanci lokacin ƙididdige ribar da'ira da matakan bakin kofa.

4. Bincike na Lankwasa Ayyuka

Takardun bayani yana ba da jadawali na halaye da yawa waɗanda ke kwatanta halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Hankalin Bakan Haske (Spectral Sensitivity)

Jadawali (Hoto 1) yana nuna hankalin bakan haske dangane da tsawon zango. LTR-C950-TB-T yana nuna kololuwar hankali a kusa da 940nm, wanda ya yi daidai da fitilun infrared (IREDs) na gama-gari. Hankali yana raguwa sosai don tsawon zango gajarta fiye da 800nm da dogewa fiye da 1100nm, yana ba da tacewa na asali ga yawancin bakan haske da ake iya gani.

4.2 Halin Dark na Collector daidai da Zazzabi

Lankwasa (Hoto 3) yana zana Halin Dark na Collector (I_CEO) akan Zazzabin Muhalli (T_A). I_CEOyana ƙaruwa da yawa tare da zazzabi. Wannan abu ne mai mahimmanci da ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi don aikace-aikacen da ke da zazzabi mai yawa, saboda ƙaruwar halin dark yana ɗaga matakin hayaniya kuma zai iya shafar matsakaicin sigina zuwa hayaniya na na'urar gano abubuwa.

4.3 Amsa Mai Kauri (Dynamic Response) daidai da Kaya (Load)

Jadawali (Hoto 4) yana nuna yadda Lokacin Tashi (T_r) da Lokacin Faɗuwa (T_f) ke bambanta da juriya na Kaya (R_L). Duk lokutan suna ƙaruwa tare da juriya mafi girma na kaya. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar saurin sauya, ƙaramin resistor na kaya yana da fa'ida, ko da yake zai rage motsin ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa.

4.4 Halin Collector Dangane da Irradiance

Wannan jadawali (Hoto 5) yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin halin fitarwa da ƙarfin hasken da ke faɗowa (irradiance). Amsa gabaɗaya yana da layi a kan babban kewayon, wanda ake so don aikace-aikacen gano abubuwa na analog. Yana tabbatar da aikin na'urar a matsayin mai canza haske zuwa halin lantarki daidai gwargwado.

4.5 Tsarin Bazuwar Haske (Radiation Pattern)

Zanen polar (Hoto 6) yana kwatanta hankalin kusurwa na kunshin dubawa gefe. An zana matsakaicin ƙarfin haske (ko hankali) dangane da kusurwar hasken da ke faɗowa. Wannan zane yana da mahimmanci ga ƙirar injiniya, yana nuna ingantaccen filin gani (FOV) wanda a cikinsa na'urar gano abubuwa za ta iya gano maɓuɓɓugar IR cikin aminci.

5. Bayanan Injiniya & Kunshi

5.1 Girman Bayyanannen Tsari (Outline Dimensions)

Na'urar tana da daidaitaccen kunshin phototransistor na dubawa gefe. Mahimman girmanshi sun haɗa da girman jiki, tazarar jagora, da matsayin ruwan tabarau. Duk girmanshi ana ba da su a cikin milimita tare da matsakaicin jurewar ±0.1mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. Pinout yana gano tashoshin Collector da Emitter.

5.2 Tsarin Gindin Gishiri da Ake Shawarwari

An ba da tsarin ƙasa (gindin ƙafa) don ƙirar PCB. Ana ba da shawarar girmanshi na gindin gishiri su zama 1.0mm x 1.8mm don gindin ɗorawa, tare da tazarar 1.8mm tsakaninsu. Bin wannan tsari yana tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin gishiri yayin reflow da daidaitaccen jeri na injiniya.

6. Jagororin Gishiri & Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Reflow Solder

An haɗa da shawarar bayanin reflow don hanyoyin da ba su da gubar (Pb-free). Mahimman sigogi sune:

• Pre-heat:150-200°C har zuwa matsakaicin dakika 120.
• Zazzabi Kololuwa:260°C matsakaici.
• Lokaci Sama da Liquidus:Kada a fallasa na'urar zuwa zazzabi sama da 260°C fiye da dakika 10.

Bayanin ya dogara ne akan ka'idojin JEDEC. Dole ne injiniyoyi su siffanta bayanin don takamaiman ƙirar PCB, man gishiri, da tanda.

6.2 Gishiri da Hannu

Idan gishiri da hannu ya zama dole, yi amfani da ƙarfe na gishiri tare da zazzabi wanda bai wuce 300°C ba, kuma a iyakance lokacin tuntuɓar zuwa dakika 3 a kowane haɗin gwiwa. Guji amfani da damuwa ga jagororin ɓangaren.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan gishiri, yi amfani da kaushi na barasa kawai kamar isopropyl alcohol. Guji masu tsaftacewa masu ƙarfi ko da ba a sani ba waɗanda zasu iya lalata kunshin filastik ko ruwan tabarau.

7. Kunshi da Gudanarwa

7.1 Ma'auni na Kaset da Rili

Ana kunna ɓangarorin a cikin kaset mai ɗaukar kaya mai faɗin 8mm wanda aka nannade akan rili mai diamita 7-inch (178mm). Kowane rili yana ƙunshe da guda 2000. Kunshi ya yi daidai da ka'idojin ANSI/EIA 481-1-A-1994. Bayanan suna ƙayyadad da cewa matsakaicin aljihu na ɓangarori biyu a jere na iya zama fanko (kamar yadda kaset ke rufewa) kuma an yi alama da shugabanci na ɓangarorin a cikin kaset.

7.2 Yanayin Ajiya

Kunshi da aka Rufe:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤90% Danshi Dangane (RH). Rayuwar shiryayye a cikin jakar shinge mai danshi da aka rufe (tare da busasshiyar abu) shekara ɗaya.
Kunshi da aka Buɗe:Ga ɓangarorin da aka cire daga jakar da aka rufe, yanayin ajiya bai kamata ya wuce 30°C / 60% RH ba. Ana ba da shawarar sosai a kammala gishirin reflow na infrared cikin mako ɗaya bayan buɗewa. Don ajiya mai tsawo a waje da jakar asali, a ajiye a cikin akwati da aka rufe tare da busasshiyar abu ko a cikin desiccator na nitrogen. ɓangarorin da aka ajiye a buɗe fiye da mako ɗaya yakamata a gasa su a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin gishiri don cire danshin da aka sha kuma a hana "popcorning" yayin reflow.

8. Bayanan Aikace-aikace & Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su

8.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Gudanarwa (Drive Circuit)

Phototransistor na'urar fitarwa ce ta halin lantarki. A cikin da'irar yau da kullun, ana haɗa shi a cikin tsarin common-emitter. Ana sanya resistor na kaya (R_L) tsakanin Collector da ƙarfin lantarki na wadata (V_CC). Ana haɗa Emitter zuwa ƙasa. Haske da ke faɗowa yana haifar da halin Collector (I_C) ya gudana, yana haifar da faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan R_L. Wannan ƙarfin lantarki (V_OUT= V_CC- I_C*R_L) shine fitarwar sigina.

Zaɓuɓɓukan Ƙira Masu Muhimmanci:

• Resistor na Kaya (R_L):Mafi girma R_Lyana ba da babban motsin ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa don canjin haske da aka bayar amma yana ƙara lokacin amsa (duba Hoto 4). Mafi ƙarancin R_Lyana ba da amsa mai sauri amma ƙaramin sigina.
• Biasing:Na'urar ba ta buƙatar wani halin biasing na waje don tushe; gaba ɗaya ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar haske.
• Na'urori Da Yawa:Idan ana buƙatar haɗa phototransistors da yawa a layi daya a cikin aikace-aikace, ba a ba da shawarar haɗa su kai tsaye tare ba. Bambance-bambance a cikin I_C(ON)(ko da a cikin kwandon) zai haifar da raba halin lantarki mara daidaito. Yakamata a sanya resistor mai iyakance halin lantarki a jere tare da kowane na'ura don tabbatar da halaye iri ɗaya.

8.2 Inganta Matsakaicin Sigina zuwa Hayaniya (SNR)

• Modulation:Don aikace-aikacen sarrafa nesa, maɓuɓɓugar IR (IRED) tana bugun jini a takamaiman mitar mai ɗaukar kaya (misali, 38kHz). Da'irar karɓa ta ƙunshi tace bandpass wanda aka kunna zuwa wannan mitar, wanda ke ƙi hasken muhalli mai ci gaba da hayaniya.
• Tacewa ta Gani:Kunshin baƙi da hankalin bakan haske na halitta (kololuwa a 940nm) suna ba da wasu tacewa akan hasken da ake iya gani. Don yanayi masu hayaniya sosai, ana iya amfani da ƙarin tace IR-pass/visible-block na waje akan na'urar gano abubuwa.
• Tacewa ta Lantarki:Biyan phototransistor tare da matakin amplifier wanda ya haɗa da tace high-pass ko band-pass zai iya ƙara inganta SNR don siginonin AC-coupled.

8.3 Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su a Tsari (Layout)

• Sanya na'urar gano abubuwa nesa da ɓangarorin da ke haifar da zafi don rage jujjuyawar halin dark da zazzabi ya haifar.
• Tabbatar an yi amfani da lissafin gindin gishiri da ake ba da shawara don hana tombstoning ko rashin daidaito yayin reflow.
• Yi la'akari da tsarin bazuwar haske (Hoto 6) lokacin ƙirar ginin injiniya don tabbatar da cewa maɓuɓɓugar IR ta faɗi cikin kusurwar gani mai hankali na na'urar gano abubuwa.

9. Ka'idar Aiki

Phototransistor a zahiri transistor ne na haɗin gwiwa bipolar (BJT) inda halin tushe ke samuwa ta hanyar haske maimakon haɗin lantarki. Haɗin gwiwar tushe-collector yana aiki azaman photodiode. Lokacin da photons masu isasshen kuzari (infrared, a wannan yanayin) suka bugi wannan haɗin gwiwa, suna haifar da nau'i-nau'i na electron-ramuwa. Wannan halin lantarki na photogenerated sai transistor ya ƙara shi ta hanyar ribar halin lantarki (β ko h_FE), yana haifar da babban halin Collector wanda ya dace da ƙarfin hasken da ke faɗowa. Kunshin dubawa gefe yana sanya ƙwayar semiconductor mai hankali ta yadda zai iya gano hasken da ke zuwa layi daya da saman PCB.

10. Misalin Ƙira na Aiki

Yanayi: Gano Abu a cikin Injin Sayar da Kayayyaki.Ana buƙatar na'urar gano abubuwa mai karya katako don gano lokacin da samfur ya wuce cikin bututu.

1. Zaɓin ɓangaren:An zaɓi LTR-C950-TB-T (KWANDON B) saboda kunshinsa na dubawa gefe, wanda ya dace don ɗorawa a gefen PCB yana fuskantar bututu. An zaɓi IRED 940nm da ya dace a matsayin maɓuɓɓugar haske.
2. Ƙirar Da'ira:An saita phototransistor a cikin da'irar common-emitter tare da V_CC= 5V. An zaɓi resistor na kaya R_L= 2.2kΩ a matsayin sulhu tsakanin kyakkyawan motsin ƙarfin lantarki da saurin da aka yarda da shi don wannan aikace-aikace. Ana ciyar da fitarwa zuwa mai kwatanta tare da bakin kofa da aka saita don bambanta tsakanin "katako yana nan" (babban fitarwa) da "katako an toshe" (ƙananan fitarwa).
3. Haɗaɗɗun Injiniya:IRED da phototransistor ana ɗora su a ɓangarorin gaba na bututun samfur, an daidaita su bisa ga tsarin bazuwar haske/hankalinsu. Ana iya ƙara masu katse haske don iyakance hasken da ba a so.
4. Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su:Ana sa ido kan zazzabin muhalli a cikin injin don tabbatar da cewa ya tsaya cikin kewayon aiki. Ana auna ƙarfin lantarki na farko na fitarwa kuma an saita bakin kofa na mai kwatanta tare da gefe don yin la'akari da jurewar ɓangaren (kwandon ±15%) da yuwuwar tarin ƙura akan ruwan tabarau a tsawon lokaci.