LTR-526AB Phototransistor Datasheet - Kundi Mai Shudi Mai Duhu - Mai Gano Infrared - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

LTR-526AB babban silicon NPN phototransistor ne mai inganci wanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen gano infrared (IR). Babban aikinsa shine canza hasken infrared da ke faɗowa zuwa wutar lantarki. Wani muhimmin siffar wannan kayan aiki shine kundinsa na musamman na filastik mai shudi mai duhu, wanda ke aiki azaman tace haske mai gani. Wannan ƙirar tana rage hankalin na'urar gano ga hasken gani na yanayi sosai, wanda ya sa ya dace musamman da aikace-aikace inda siginar ganowa ke cikin tsarin infrared kawai, don haka yana inganta rabon siginar zuwa amo da amincin aiki.

Fa'idodi na Cibiya:Na'urar tana ba da babban hankali na hoto tare da ƙarancin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, wanda ke ba da damar saurin amsawa mai mahimmanci don sadarwar bayanai da ganowa. Babban mitar yanke ta tallafa wa aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar saurin daidaita siginar. Haɗin saurin lokacin canzawa (lokacin tashi/faɗuwa yawanci 50 ns) da ƙaƙƙarfan gini ya sa ya dace da yanayi masu ƙalubale.

Kasuwar da Ake Nufa:Wannan phototransistor an yi niyya ne ga masu ƙira da injiniyoyi da ke aiki akan tsarin tushen infrared. Aikace-aikacen yau da kullun sun haɗa da masu karɓar sarrafa nesa na infrared, na'urori masu gano kusanci, gano abu, sarrafa kai (misali, ƙidaya, rarrabawa), maɓallan haske masu katsewa (misali, firinta, masu ɓoye lamba), da hanyoyin haɗin bayanai na asali na haske.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar

Waɗannan ƙimar suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_D):Matsakaicin 150 mW. Wannan shine jimillar wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya watsawa cikin aminci a matsayin zafi, wanda aka ƙaddara da farko ta hanyar samfurin ƙarfin lantarki mai tattara-watsa da kuma halin yanzu mai tattarawa.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Juya Baya (V_R):Matsakaicin 30 V. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da za a iya amfani da shi a cikin karkatar da baya a kan haɗin watsa-tattara ba tare da haifar da rushewa ba.
• Kewayon Zafin Aiki (T_A) na 25°C kuma suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin takamaiman sharuɗɗan gwaji.-40°C zuwa +85°C. An ba da garantin cewa na'urar za ta yi aiki a cikin ƙayyadaddun ma'auni a cikin wannan kewayon zafin masana'antu.
• Kewayon Zafin Ajiya (T_stg):-55°C zuwa +100°C. Ana iya adana na'urar ba tare da lalacewa a cikin waɗannan iyakokin ba.
• Zafin Solder na Jagora:260°C na tsawon dakika 5, ana auna 1.6mm daga jikin kundin. Wannan yana ayyana sharuɗɗan don igiyar ruwa ko solder na hannu.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Haske

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a zafin yanayi (T_A) of 25°C and define the device's performance under specific test conditions.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki Juya Baya (V_(BR)R):Mafi ƙarancin 30 V (I_R= 100 µA). Wannan yana tabbatar da ƙarfin iya sarrafa ƙarfin lantarki na na'urar, yana daidaitawa da matsakaicin ƙimar.
• Halin Yanzu Mai Duhu Juya Baya (I_D(R)):Matsakaicin 30 nA (V_R= 10V, E_e= 0 mW/cm²). Wannan shine halin yanzu na ɓarna lokacin da babu haske da ke faɗowa. Ƙimar ƙasa tana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar babban hankali ga raunannun siginoni, domin yana wakiltar ƙasan amo na mai gano.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Buɗe Kewayawa (V_OC):Yawanci 350 mV (λ = 940nm, E_e= 0.5 mW/cm²). Wannan shine ƙarfin lantarki da aka samar a kan tashoshi masu buɗewa lokacin da aka haskaka shi, ma'auni wanda ya fi dacewa da yanayin aikin wutar lantarki amma an ƙayyade shi a nan.
• Lokacin Tashi (T_r) & Lokacin Faɗuwa (T_f):Yawanci 50 ns kowanne (V_R= 10V, λ = 940nm, R_L= 1 kΩ). Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana saurin canzawa. Ƙayyadaddun 50 ns yana nuna dacewa don watsa bayanai na matsakaicin sauri da aikace-aikacen ganowa mai sauri.
• Halin Yanzu na Gajeren Kewayawa (I_S):1.7 µA (Mafi ƙanƙanta), 2 µA (Yawanci) (V_R= 5V, λ = 940nm, E_e= 0.1 mW/cm²). Wannan shine halin yanzu na hoto da aka samar lokacin da aka gajarta fitarwa (ko kuma a zahiri an gajarta shi ta hanyar amplifier na transimpedance). Yana da ma'auni kai tsaye na amsawa a wani haske da aka ba da shi.
• Jimlar Ƙarfin Ƙarfi (C_T):Matsakaicin 25 pF (V_R= 3V, f = 1 MHz). Ƙarancin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa yana da mahimmanci don cimma babban bandwidth da saurin lokutan amsawa, yayin da yake iyakance lokacin RC na kewayawa.
• Tsawon Zango na Hankali na Kololuwa (λ_SMAX):Yawanci 900 nm. Na'urar tana da hankali sosai ga hasken infrared a wannan tsawon zango. Yana daidaitawa da fitilun infrared na gama gari (kamar LED na GaAs) waɗanda galibi suna fitar da kusan 880-950 nm.

3. Binciken Lanƙwan Aiki

Takardar bayanai tana ba da jadawali da yawa masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke kwatanta halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

3.1 Halin Yanzu Mai Duhu vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki Juya Baya

Wannan lanƙwan yana nuna cewa halin yanzu mai duhu na juya baya (I_D) ya kasance ƙasa sosai (a cikin kewayon pA zuwa ƙananan nA) har zuwa matsakaicin ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na 30V. Wannan yana tabbatar da ingantacciyar ingancin haɗin gwiwa da ƙarancin ɓarna, wanda ke da mahimmanci don aiki mai ƙarfi a cikin yanayi mai duhu.

3.2 Ƙarfin Ƙarfi vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki Juya Baya

Jadawalin ya nuna cewa ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa (C_T) yana raguwa tare da ƙara ƙarfin lantarki na karkatar da baya (V_R). Wannan siffa ce ta haɗin gwiwar semiconductor. Yin aiki a babban ƙarfin lantarki na juya baya (misali, 10V kamar yadda yake cikin gwajin canzawa) yana rage ƙarfin ƙarfi, don haka yana haɓaka bandwidth da sauri.

3.3 Halin Yanzu na Hoto vs. Haske

Wannan muhimmin siffa ce ta canja wuri. Yana nuna cewa halin yanzu na hoto (I_P) yana da alaƙa mai layi sosai tare da hasken infrared da ke faɗowa (E_e) a kan faɗin yanki. Wannan layin yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen ganowa na analog inda ake buƙatar auna ƙarfin haske daidai, ba kawai a gano shi ba.

3.4 Hankali na Rukuni na Dangi

Wannan lanƙwan yana zana daidaitaccen amsawar na'urar a tsawon zango daban-daban. Ya kai kololuwa a kusan 900 nm kuma yana da babban bandwidth, yawanci ya shimfida daga kusan 800 nm zuwa 1050 nm. Kundin shudi mai duhu yana rage hankali sosai a ƙasa da ~700 nm (haske mai gani), kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar faɗuwar ƙarfi a gefen hagu na lanƙwan.

3.5 Dogaro da Zazzabi

Lanƙwan daban-daban suna kwatanta yadda halin yanzu mai duhu da halin yanzu na hoto ke bambanta tare da zafin yanayi. Halin yanzu mai duhu yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi tare da zafin jiki (wani ainihin kadarorin semiconductor), wanda zai iya haɓaka ƙasan amo a cikin aiki mai zafi. Halin yanzu na hoto kuma yana nuna bambanci, yawanci yana raguwa kaɗan yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru. Dole ne a yi la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan a cikin ƙirar da aka yi niyya don aiki a cikin cikakken kewayon -40°C zuwa +85°C.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kundin

4.1 Girman Kundin

LTR-526AB yana zuwa a cikin daidaitaccen kundin radial mai jagora 3mm. Muhimman girma sun haɗa da diamita na jiki kusan 3.0 mm da kuma matsakaicin tazarar jagora na 2.54 mm (0.1 inci) inda jagororin suka fito daga kundin. Jimlar tsayi ya haɗa da kumfa na ruwan tabarau. Launin shudi mai duhu yana da alaƙa da gyare-gyaren filastik.

4.2 Gano Polarity

Na'urar tana da jagora biyu. Jagoran da ya fi tsayi yawanci shine mai tattarawa, kuma ɗan gajeren jagora shine mai watsawa. Wannan shine daidaitaccen al'ada don phototransistors a cikin wannan salon kundin. Koyaushe tabbatar da polarity tare da takamaiman zane na takardar bayanai kafin shigarwa.

4.3 Bayanin Kundin

• Duk girma suna cikin millimeters, tare da jurewa yawanci ±0.25mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade.
• Ana ba da izinin ɗan ƙaramin tsinkaya na guduro a ƙarƙashin flange, tare da matsakaicin tsayi na 1.5mm.
• Ana auna tazarar jagora a wurin fita daga jikin kundin, wanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Don solder na hannu ko igiyar ruwa, ana iya sanya jagororin zuwa zafin jiki na 260°C na matsakaicin tsawon lokaci na dakika 5. Ma'aunin wannan zafin jiki shine 1.6mm (0.063") daga jikin kundin. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da daidaitattun ayyukan solder na PCB. Guji matsanancin damuwa na injiniya akan jagororin, musamman kusa da jikin kundin. Ya kamata a adana na'urar a cikin jakar hana danshi ta asali a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun sharuɗɗan zafin ajiya (-55°C zuwa +100°C) don hana lalacewa kafin amfani.

6. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira

6.1 Kewayawa na Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun

Mafi yawan tsarin shineyanayin canzawa (ko na dijital). A nan, an haɗa phototransistor a cikin tsarin mai watsawa na gama gari: Mai tattarawa zuwa ƙarfin lantarki mai kyau (V_CC) ta hanyar resistor na ja sama (R_L), da mai watsawa zuwa ƙasa. Ana ɗaukar fitarwa daga mai tattarawa. Lokacin da babu haske, transistor yana kashewa, kuma fitarwa yana da girma (V_CC). Lokacin da isasshen hasken IR ya buga tushe, transistor yana kunna, yana ja fitarwa ƙasa. Ƙimar R_Lyana shafar saurin canzawa (ƙananan R_Lyana ba da sauri mai sauri amma ƙarancin motsi na fitarwa) da amfani da halin yanzu.

Donganowa na analog ko na layi, ana ba da shawarar kewayawa na amplifier na transimpedance (TIA). Wannan kewayawar tushen op-amp tana canza halin yanzu na hoto kai tsaye zuwa ƙarfin lantarki (V_out= I_photo* R_feedback) yayin ajiye phototransistor a cikin yanayin gajeren kewayawa na zahiri (sifili bias ƙarfin lantarki), wanda ke rage tasirin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa kuma yana tsawaita layi.

6.2 Abubuwan Ƙira

• Bias:Yin amfani da bias na juya baya (V_CE) yana rage ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, yana inganta sauri. An ba da ma'auni na canzawa na takardar bayanai a V_R=10V.
• Resistor na Kaya (R_L):Zaɓi R_Lbisa ga saurin da ake buƙata da motsi na ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa. Ƙananan R_Lyana haifar da amsa mai sauri amma ƙaramin canjin ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa.
• Kariya daga Hasken Yanayi:Kundin shudi mai duhu yana ba da kyakkyawar ƙin yarda da haske mai gani. Duk da haka, don aiki a cikin yanayi mai ƙarfi na hasken wuta (wanda ya ƙunshi IR) ko hasken rana kai tsaye, ƙarin tacewa na gani (tace IR) ko dabarun daidaitawa/daidaitawa na iya zama dole.
• Daidaitawar Gani:Tabbatar da daidaitaccen daidaito tsakanin mai fitar da IR da phototransistor. Ruwan tabarau yana da tsarin hankali na shugabanci; don matsakaicin siginar, nufa tushen haske a tsakiyar kumfa.
• Amo na Lantarki:A cikin yanayi masu amo na lantarki, kiyaye alamun gajere, yi amfani da capacitors na rabuwa kusa da na'urar, da kuma la'akari da kariyar haɗin mai gano.

7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitaccen phototransistor mai kundi mai tsabta, babban abin da ya bambanta LTR-526AB shineƙin yarda da haske mai ganisaboda kundin shudi mai duhu. Wannan ya sa ya fi girma a aikace-aikace inda hasken gani na yanayi yake, yayin da yake hana kunnawa na ƙarya ko jikewa daga fitilun ɗaki, da sauransu.

Idan aka kwatanta da photodiode, phototransistor yana ba da riba na ciki (h_FEna transistor), yana haifar da mafi girman halin yanzu na fitarwa don matakin haske iri ɗaya, yana sauƙaƙa kewayawar ƙarfafawa na gaba. Duk da haka, phototransistors gabaɗaya suna da sauri fiye da photodiodes saboda tasirin ajiyar caji na tushe. Saurin 50 ns na LTR-526AB yana wakiltar daidaitaccen daidaito tsakanin babban hankali da amsa mai sauri.

8. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

Q: Menene manufar kundin shudi mai duhu?

A: Yana aiki azaman tacewa na ciki wanda ke toshe yawancin haske mai gani yayin barin tsayin zango na infrared (musamman kusan 900 nm) ya wuce. Wannan yana inganta rabon siginar zuwa amo sosai a cikin aikace-aikacen IR kawai.

Q: Zan iya amfani da wannan tare da LED na IR 850 nm?

A: Ee. Duk da yake kololuwar hankali yana a 900 nm, lanƙwan hankali na rukuni yana nuna babban amsawa a 850 nm. Za ku sami siginar mai ƙarfi, ko da yake kaɗan kaɗan fiye da tushen 900 nm.

Q: Ta yaya zan zaɓi ƙimar resistor na kaya (R_L)?

A: Ya haɗa da ciniki. Don matsakaicin motsi na ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa, yi amfani da babban R_L(misali, 10kΩ). Don matsakaicin sauri (matsakaicin lokutan tashi/faɗuwa), yi amfani da ƙaramin R_L(misali, 1kΩ ko ƙasa), yayin da yake rage lokacin RC da aka kafa tare da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na na'urar. Duba sharuɗin gwajin lokacin tashi/faɗuwa (R_L=1kΩ).

Q: Shin na'urar tana buƙatar ƙarfin lantarki na juya baya don yin aiki?

A: Zai iya yin aiki tare da sifili bias (yanayin wutar lantarki), yana samar da ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki. Duk da haka, don mafi kyawun sauri da layi a yawancin tsarin kewayawa (maɓallin mai watsawa na gama gari ko tare da TIA), ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na juya baya (misali, 5V zuwa 10V kamar yadda yake cikin sharuɗɗan takardar bayanai).

9. Misalan Aikace-aikace na Aiki

Misali 1: Mai Karɓar Sarrafa Nesa na Infrared.LTR-526AB shine ɗan takara mai dacewa don mai gano a cikin TV ko mai karɓar sarrafa nesa na AC. Kundin shudi mai duhu yana ƙin tsangwama daga hasken cikin gida. Za a haɗa shi a cikin tsarin mai watsawa na gama gari tare da daidaitaccen R_L. Sannan za a ciyar da jirgin bugun fitarwa zuwa cikin IC na ɓoyayyen lamba. Lokacin amsa na 50 ns ya fi isa ga daidaitattun mitoci masu ɗaukar kaya na sarrafa nesa (yawanci 36-40 kHz).

Misali 2: Na'urar Gano Kusanci na Abu.A cikin injin sayar da kaya ko ƙirar masana'antu, ana iya sanya LED na IR da LTR-526AB a ɓangarorin gabaɗayan tsaga (yanayin ta hanyar katako) ko kusa da juna suna fuskantar hanya ɗaya (yanayin nunawa). Lokacin da wani abu ya katse ko ya nuna katakon IR, microcontraller yana gano canjin yanayin fitarwa na phototransistor, yana haifar da ƙidaya ko aiki. Halin halin yanzu na hoto na layi vs. haske ana iya amfani dashi a yanayin nunawa don kimanin nisa ko nunawa.

10. Ka'idar Aiki

Phototransistor a zahiri transistor ne na haɗin gwiwa bipolar (BJT) inda haske ke aiki a yankin tushe. A cikin LTR-526AB (nau'in NPN), photons tare da makamashi mafi girma fiye da bandgap na silicon (wanda ya dace da tsayin zango gajarta fiye da ~1100 nm) ana sha a cikin yankin haɗin tushe-tattarawa. Wannan sha yana haifar da nau'ikan lantarki-ramuwa. Filin lantarki a cikin haɗin tattara-tushe mai karkatar da baya yana share waɗannan masu ɗaukar kaya, yana haifar da halin yanzu na tushe. Wannan halin yanzu na tushe na hoto sannan amplifier ya ƙarfafa shi ta hanyar ribar halin yanzu na transistor (h_FE), yana haifar da mafi girman halin yanzu na mai tattarawa. Don haka, ƙaramin shigarwar gani yana samar da babban halin yanzu na wutar lantarki. Kayan kundin shudi mai duhu suna sha photons masu ƙarfi (haske mai gani), suna hana su samar da masu ɗaukar kaya, yayin da ƙananan photons na infrared ke wucewa zuwa guntuwar silicon.

11. Trends na Fasaha

Trend a cikin abubuwan gani na lantarki masu rarrabuwa kamar LTR-526AB yana zuwa ga ƙarin ƙaramin ƙira (ƙananan kundin haɗawa na saman), mafi girman haɗin kai (haɗa mai gano hoto tare da ƙarfafawa da kewayawan dabaru a cikin kundi ɗaya), da ingantaccen aiki (misali, haɗaɗɗun tacewa na hasken rana, mafi girma sauri don sadarwar bayanai). Haka nan akwai kuzari don abubuwan da ke aiki a ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki don dacewa da tsarin dijital na zamani. Yayin da phototransistors na asali suka kasance masu dacewa sosai ga aikace-aikacen masu hankali da farashi, mafi rikitarwa masu magani kamar na'urori masu auna gani na haɗaɗɗu da na'urori masu auna hasken yanayi suna magance buƙatun don mafi wayo, ganowa mai haɗin kai na dijital.