IRR15-22C/L491/TR8 SMD LED Takardar Bayani - Kunshin 3.0x1.6x1.1mm - Ƙarfin Gaba 1.3V(IR)/1.9V(Jajaye) - Ikoni 100mW(IR)/130mW(Jajaye) - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

IRR15-22C/L491/TR8 na'ura ce mai fitar da haske guda biyu a cikin kunshi daya (SMD) wacce ta hada diode mai fitar da infrared (IR) da diode mai fitar da haske jajaye a cikin karamin kunshi mai lebur na sama. An rufe na'urar da robobi mai tsabta, wanda ke ba da damar watsa haske mai inganci ga dukkan tsayin raƙuman ruwa. Wani muhimmin fasalin zane shine daidaita hasken diode na IR da na'urorin daukar hoto na silicon (photodiodes) da phototransistors, wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen ganowa da gano abubuwa. Samfurin ya bi ka'idojin muhalli na zamani, ba shi da gubar (Pb-free), ya bi ka'idar RoHS, ya bi ka'idar EU REACH, kuma ba shi da halogen.

1.1 Muhimman Fasali da Fa'idodi

• Ƙarancin Ƙarfin Gaba:Yana tabbatar da ingantaccen amfani da makamashi da rage amfani da wutar lantarki a cikin kewayon.
• Daidaitawar Haske:Fitar da diode na IR an daidaita shi musamman da lankwasa na amsawar na'urorin daukar hoto na silicon, wanda ke inganta rabo na sigina zuwa amo a cikin tsarin ganowa na gani.
• Fitarwa Biyu:Ya hada IR (don ganowa, sarrafa nesa) da Jajaye (don nuna matsayi, nuni mai sauƙi) a cikin wuri daya mai kankanta, yana adana sararin allon.
• Bin Ka'idojin Muhalli:Ya cika bukatun Pb-free, RoHS, REACH, da kuma maras halogen, wanda ya sa ya dace da kasuwanni daban-daban na duniya da kuma zane-zane masu kula da muhalli.
• Karamar Kunshin SMD:Kunshin lebur na sama (3.0mm x 1.6mm x 1.1mm) ya dace sosai don haɗaɗɗun na'ura da zane-zanen PCB mai yawan girma.

1.2 Kasuwa da Aikace-aikace

Wannan kayan aiki an yi niyya ne musamman ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingantattun hanyoyin haske masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki don ganowa da nuni. Babban aikace-aikacen sa shine a cikintsarin infrared, wanda ya haɗa da amma ba'a iyakance su ga:

• Na'urori masu gano kusanci da kasancewa
• Tsarin gano abubuwa da ƙidaya
• Na'urori masu ɓoye bayanai ta hanyar haske (Optical encoders)
• Maɓallai da hanyoyin sadarwa maras taɓawa
• Hanyoyin watsa bayanai masu sauƙi (misali, masu karɓar sarrafa nesa)
• Na'urorin da ake buƙatar fitilar nuni jajaye tare da aikin IR

2. Cikakken Bincike na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar

Waɗannan ƙimar suna bayyana iyakokin da wucewa da su zai iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a tabbatar da aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba.

• Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Gaba (I_F):50 mA ga duka guntu na IR da Jajaye. Wucewa da wannan ƙarfin zai haifar da zafi mai yawa da lalacewa cikin sauri.
• Ƙarfin Baya (V_R):5 V. LED tana da iyakataccen juriyar ƙarfin baya; ya kamata zanen kewayon ya hana yanayin baya.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_c):100 mW ga guntun IR da 130 mW ga guntun Jajaye a ko ƙasa da 25°C na zafin iska. Wannan siga yana da mahimmanci ga sarrafa zafi.
• Zafin Aiki & Ajiya:-25°C zuwa +85°C (aiki), -40°C zuwa +100°C (ajiye).
• Zafin Solder:260°C na iyakar daƙiƙa 5, ya bi daidaitattun bayanan sake karkatar da maras gubar.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Haske (Ta=25°C)

Waɗannan su ne sigogin aiki na yau da kullun a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji.

• Ƙarfin Haske (I_E):Ana auna shi a cikin mW/sr (milliwatts kowace steradian). Ƙimar yau da kullun ita ce 2.1 mW/sr (IR) da 2.3 mW/sr (Jajaye) a I_F=20mA. Wannan yana nuna ƙarfin haske da aka fitar zuwa takamaiman kusurwa.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa (λ_p):940 nm don IR (na yau da kullun) da 660 nm don Jajaye (na yau da kullun). Tsawon raƙuman IR ya dace da na'urorin daukar hoto na silicon, waɗanda ke da mafi girman hankali a kusa da 900-1000 nm.
• Faɗin Raƙuman Ruwa (Δλ):Kimanin 30 nm don IR da 20 nm don Jajaye, yana bayyana tsabtar hasken da aka fitar.
• Ƙarfin Gaba (V_F):Ƙimar yau da kullun ita ce 1.30 V don IR da 1.90 V don Jajaye a I_F=20mA. Guntun Jajaye yana da mafi girman V_Fsaboda bambancin kayan semiconductor (AlGaInP vs. GaAlAs).
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 120. Wannan faɗin kusurwar dubawa halayar ce ta kunshin sama, maras ruwan tabarau mai tsabta, yana ba da tsarin fitarwa mai faɗi.

3. Binciken Lankwasa na Aiki

3.1 Halayen Guntu na Infrared (IR)

Lankwasan da aka bayar don guntun IR suna ba da mahimman bayanai na zane:

• Rarraba Haske:Lankwasa yana nuna kololuwa mai kaifi a 940 nm tare da cikakken faɗi a rabin matsakaicin (FWHM) na kusan 30 nm, yana tabbatar da kyakkyawar daidaitawar haske ga na'urorin gano silicon.
• Ƙarfin Gaba da Ƙarfin Gaba (Lankwasa I-V):Wannan lankwasa mai mahimmanci yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin. Ƙananan canji a cikin ƙarfin lantarki yana haifar da babban canji a cikin ƙarfin lantarki, yana jaddada buƙatar tuƙi na ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun ko resistor na jerin da aka ƙididdige shi da kyau.
• Dangantakar Ƙarfi da Ƙarfin Gaba:Yana nuna cewa ƙarfin haske yana ƙaruwa daidai gwargwado tare da ƙarfin lantarki har zuwa matsakaicin ƙimar, yana ba da damar daidaita haske ta hanyar sarrafa ƙarfin lantarki.
• Ƙarfin Gaba da Zafin Yanayi:Yana nuna buƙatar rage ƙima. Matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba da aka yarda yana raguwa yayin da zafin yanayi ya karu don hana wuce iyakar ɓarnar wutar lantarki.

3.2 Halayen Guntu Jajaye

Lankwasan don guntun Jajaye suna bin ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya amma tare da bambance-bambancen kayan musamman:

• Rarraba Haske:An tsaya a tsakiya a 660 nm (jajaye mai zurfi) tare da kunkuntar bandwidth (~20 nm), wanda ke haifar da launin jajaye mai cikar ruwa.
• Lankwasa I-V, Ƙarfi da Ƙarfin Lantarki, da Rage Zafi:Waɗannan lankwasan suna kama da na guntun IR amma tare da ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki da ɓarnar wutar lantarki daban-daban, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Teburin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar da Halayen Lantarki-Haske.

3.3 Halayen Kusurwa

LankwasaDangantakar Ƙarfin Haske da Matsawar Kusurwa(mai yiwuwa daga na'urar gano haɗin gwiwa) yana kwatanta tsarin fitarwa na sararin samaniya. Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120 yana haifar da rarraba kamar Lambertian inda ƙarfin ya fi girma a 0° (daidai da saman fitarwa) kuma ya ragu zuwa rabi a ±60°. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don zana hanyoyin haske da tabbatar da isasshen ƙarfin sigina a mai karɓa.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

4.1 Girman Kunshi

Na'urar ta zo a cikin ƙaramin kunshin SMD. Muhimman girma (a cikin mm) sun haɗa da girman jiki na kusan 3.0 x 1.6, tare da tsayi na 1.1. Ana gano cathode ta hanyar alama ko tsaga a kan kunshin. Zanen girma yana nuna tazarar jagora da shawarwarin tsarin ƙasa don zanen sawun PCB, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don ingantaccen solder da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya.

4.2 Gano Polarity

Daidaitaccen haɗin polarity yana da mahimmanci. Zanen kunshin na takardar bayani yana nuna tashoshin anode da cathode. Yin amfani da polarity baya wucewa da ƙimar ƙarfin baya na 5V na iya lalata mahaɗin diode nan take.

5. Jagororin Solder, Haɗawa, da Sarrafawa

5.1 Muhimman Tsare-tsare

• Kariya daga Wuce-gona da iri:Resistor na waje mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarkiwajibi ne. Lankwasa I-V mai tsayi yana nufin ko da ƙaramin ƙarar ƙarfin lantarki na iya haifar da haɓakar ƙarfin lantarki mai lalacewa.
• Ajiya da Hankalin Danshi:Na'urar tana da hankali ga danshi (MSL). Dole ne a adana shi a cikin jakar sa ta hana danshi tare da busasshen abu. Bayan buɗewa, ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a cikin sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) sai dai idan an sake gasa shi (60°C na awanni 24).

5.2 Yanayin Solder

• Sake Solder:Ana ba da shawarar bayanin zafin jiki maras gubar, tare da kololuwar zazzabi na 260°C na iyakar daƙiƙa 5. Kada a yi sake karkatarwa fiye da sau biyu.
• Solder da Hannu:Idan ya cancanta, yi amfani da guntun solder tare da zafin ƙarshe <350°C, yi amfani da zafi ga kowane tasha na <3 daƙiƙa, kuma yi amfani da ƙaramin ƙarfe (<25W). Bari ya huce tsakanin haɗin gwiwa.
• Gyara:Ba a ba da shawarar ba. Idan ba za a iya kaucewa ba, yi amfani da guntun solder mai kai biyu don dumama tashoshi biyu lokaci guda kuma a guje wa matsin lamba na injiniya akan haɗin gwiwan solder.

6. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshi

Ana samar da na'urorin akan tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya da aka nannade akan reels. Ƙa'idar adadin shirya ita ce guda 2000 a kowace reel. Girman tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya yana tabbatar da dacewa da daidaitattun kayan aikin zaɓi da sanyawa na SMD.

6.2 Alama da Bincika

Kunshin ya haɗa da alamomi akan jakar hana danshi da reel. Waɗannan alamun sun ƙunshi bayanan bincika kamar Lambar Sashe (P/N), Lambar Lot (LOT No.), adadi (QTY), da wurin samarwa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga ingancin sarrafawa da sarrafa sarkar wadata.

7. Abubuwan da ake la'akari da Zane na Aikace-aikace

7.1 Zanen Kewayon

Lokacin zana kewayon tuƙi:

1. Ƙididdigar Resistor na Jerin (R_s):Yi amfani da dabara R_s= (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F. Yi amfani da matsakaicin V_Fdaga takardar bayani don tabbatar da isasshen ƙarfin lantarki a kowane yanayi. Misali, don LED Jajaye a 20mA tare da wadata 5V: R_s= (5V - 2.5V) / 0.02A = 125Ω. Yi amfani da ƙimar da ta gaba (misali, 130Ω ko 150Ω).
2. Yi la'akari da PWM don Dushewa:Don sarrafa ƙarfi, yi amfani da Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) maimakon rage ƙarfin lantarki na analog, saboda yana kiyaye launi mai daidaito (don Jajaye) da tsawon raƙuman ruwa.
3. Gudanar da Zafi:Tabbatar da shimfidar PCB yana ba da isasshen yanki na tagulla don nutsewar zafi, musamman idan ana aiki kusa da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki ko a cikin ƙarin zafin yanayi.

7.2 Zanen Haske

• Don Ganowa (IR):Daidaitu da mai fitar da IR da na'urar daukar hoto ta gani. Yi amfani da buɗaɗɗen buɗe ido, ruwan tabarau, ko jagororin haske don ayyana filin ganowa da toshe tsangwamar hasken yanayi. Faɗin kusurwar 120° na iya buƙatar kariya don ƙirƙirar katako mai jagora don ganowa mai tsayi.
• Don Nuni (Jajaye):Ruwan tabarau mai tsabta da faɗin kusurwa suna ba da kyakkyawar gani. Yi la'akari da amfani da mai watsawa idan ana son nuni mai laushi, mafi daidaito.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban bambancin IRR15-22C/L491/TR8 yana cikinzane-zanensa na tsawon raƙuman ruwa biyu, kunshi ɗaya. Idan aka kwatanta da amfani da LEDs daban-daban guda biyu, yana ba da:

• Adana Sarari:Yana rage sawun PCB da kashi 50%.
• Sauƙaƙan Haɗawa:Aikin zaɓi da sanyawa ɗaya maimakon biyu.
• Ingantaccen Farashi:Yuwuwar ƙarancin farashin kayan aiki da haɗawa.
• Ingantaccen Aikin IR:An zaɓi takamaiman guntun GaAlAs na 940nm don mafi kyawun aiki tare da na'urorin gano silicon, wanda zai iya ba da mafi kyawun hankali da kewayo idan aka kwatanta da LED na IR na gaba ɗaya.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)

9.1 Zan iya tuƙi LED na IR da Jajaye lokaci guda?

Ee, amma dole ne a tuƙe su ta hanyar kewayon iyakance ƙarfin lantarki daban-daban (resistors ko direbobi). Suna raba kunshi ɗaya amma suna da guntuwar semiconductor masu zaman kansu da haɗin lantarki.

9.2 Me ya sa resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki ya zama wajibi?

LEDs na'urori ne masu aiki da ƙarfin lantarki. Ƙarfin gabansu yana da ƙarancin zafin jiki kuma ya bambanta daga naúrar zuwa naúrar. Tushen ƙarfin lantarki ba tare da resistor na jerin ba zai haifar da kwararar ƙarfin lantarki mara sarrafawa, wanda zai haifar da guduwar zafi nan take da lalacewa.

9.3 Menene tsawon rayuwar wannan LED na yau da kullun?

Tsawon rayuwar LED yawanci ana bayyana shi a matsayin lokacin da fitar da haske ya ragu zuwa 50% na ƙimarsa ta farko (L70/L50). Kodayake ba a bayyana shi a fili a cikin wannan takardar bayani ba, SMD LEDs da aka sarrafa da kyau (a cikin ƙima, tare da kyakkyawar sarrafa zafi) sau da yawa suna da tsawon rayuwa fiye da sa'o'i 50,000.

9.4 Ta yaya zan fassara ƙimar Ƙarfin Haske (mW/sr) don zanen na'urar gano ta?

Ƙarfin haske yana bayyana ƙarfin gani kowace kusurwa mai ƙarfi. Don kimanta ƙarfin (a cikin mW) da na'urar gano ta karɓa, kana buƙatar sanin yankin aiki na mai gano da nisa/kusurwa daga LED. Lankwasa matsawar kusurwa yana taimakawa a cikin wannan lissafi don daidaitawar kashe-axis.

10. Misalin Aikace-aikace na Aiki

10.1 Sauƙaƙan Na'urar Gano Kusanci

Yanayi:Gano lokacin da wani abu ya zo cikin 5 cm na na'ura.
Ai watar:Sanya IRR15-22C/L491/TR8 akan PCB. Tuƙi mai fitar da IR tare da ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun na 20mA (ta amfani da resistor da aka ƙididdige daga wadata 3.3V). Sanya phototransistor na silicon a gabansa, tare da ƙaramin shinge tsakanin su don hana haɗin gwiwar gani kai tsaye. Lokacin da wani abu ya shiga tazarar, yana nuna hasken IR daga mai fitarwa zuwa mai gano. Fitarwar ƙarfin lantarki na mai gano yana ƙaruwa, wanda za'a iya canza shi zuwa ƙarfin lantarki ta hanyar resistor mai ɗaukar kaya kuma mai sarrafa microcontroller ya karanta shi ta ADC ko mai kwatanta. Ana iya haɗa LED Jajaye zuwa filin GPIO don samar da alamar gani "ganowa mai aiki" ko "abu yana nan".

11. Ka'idar Aiki

Diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs) na'urori ne na semiconductor p-n junction. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin gaba, electrons daga yankin n da ramuka daga yankin p ana shigar da su cikin yankin junction. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Tsawon raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor. IRR15-22C/L491/TR8 yana amfani daGaAlAs (Gallium Aluminum Arsenide)don mai fitar da IR (940nm) daAlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide)don mai fitar da Jajaye (660nm). Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta yana rufe guntun, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, kuma yana siffanta tsarin fitar da haske.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Ci gaban SMD LEDs kamar wannan yana bin wasu muhimman trends na masana'antu:

• Ƙananan Girma:Ci gaba da rage girman kunshi (misali, daga 0603 zuwa 0402 zuwa 0201) don ba da damar ƙananan samfuran ƙarshe.
• Kunshin Guntu Da Yawa (MCPs):Haɗa guntuwar LED da yawa (launuka daban-daban ko launi ɗaya) a cikin kunshi ɗaya don mafi girman fitarwa, haɗa launi, ko aiki da yawa, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wannan na'urar mai tsawon raƙuman ruwa biyu.
• Mafi Girman Ingantacciya:Ci gaba da ingantawa a cikin ingantaccen ƙididdiga na ciki (IQE) da ingantaccen fitar da haske yana haifar da mafi girman ƙarfin haske don ƙarfin lantarki iri ɗaya, yana inganta kasafin kuɗin wutar lantarki na tsarin.
• Ƙarfafa Amincewa:Ci gaba a cikin kayan kunshi (epoxy, silicone) da dabarun haɗa guntu suna inganta aiki a ƙarƙashin zafi mai girma da danshi, yana tsawaita tsawon rayuwar aiki.
• Haɗin Kai Mai Hikima:Trend mai girma shine haɗa ICs na sarrafawa (direbobi, na'urori masu auna firikwensin) a cikin kunshin LED, ƙirƙirar "LED mai hikima" modules waɗanda ke sauƙaƙa zanen tsarin.