Bayanin Fasaha na LTR-X130P - Na'urar Gano Kusa da Haske na Muhalli - Hanyar Sadarwa ta I2C - 1.7V zuwa 3.6V - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTR-X130P na'ura ce mai haɗakar da ayyuka da yawa, tana haɗa aikin gano kusa (PS) da gano haske na muhalli (ALS) a cikin ƙaramin fakitin ChipLED mara gubar. Manufarta ta asali ita ce ba da damar gano abubuwa da auna haske cikin sauƙi a cikin na'urori masu ƙarancin sarari da ke amfani da baturi.

Babban fa'idar wannan na'urar shine haɗakar da tsarin ta. Tana da fitilar infrared (LED) a ciki, na'urori masu gano haske na gani da infrared, na'urori masu canza siginar zuwa lambobi (ADCs), mai sarrafa katsewa, da cikakkiyar hanyar sadarwa ta I2C. Wannan haɗakar yana rage yawan kayan waje kuma yana sauƙaƙa tsarin PCB. Wani muhimmin siffofi shine iyawar ta na kawar da hasken muhalli, tana iya aiki daidai a ƙarƙashin hasken rana har zuwa 100,000 lux, wanda ya sa ta dace da waje ko cikin gida mai haske. Aikin katsewa na iya saita yana ba da damar babban microcontroller ya shiga yanayin bacci mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki, ya farka kawai lokacin da aka wuce takamaiman matakan kusa, wanda ke inganta ingantaccen amfani da wutar lantarki - wani muhimmin abu ga na'urori masu ɗaukuwa.

Kasuwarmar da ake nufa ta ƙunshi nau'ikan na'urorin lantarki da kwamfutoci. Babban aikace-aikacenta sun haɗa da saita hasken baya da sarrafa haske ta atomatik a cikin wayoyin hannu, kwamfutocin hannu, kwamfutoci, da na'urori masu nuni, inda take inganta gogewar mai amfani da kuma adana wutar lantarki. Bugu da ƙari, iyawar ta na gano abu har zuwa 10 cm ana amfani da ita don siffofi kamar sarrafa motsi ba ta hannu ba, gano kasancewa (misali, kashe nuni lokacin da mai amfani ya tafi), da kuma kaucewa cikas a cikin na'urori daban-daban.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Sigogi na Lantarki da na Gani

Duk sigogi ana auna su a VDD = 2.8V da yanayin zafi (T_ope) na 25°C, sai dai idan an faɗi.

Halayen Wutar Lantarki:
Na'urar tana aiki daga kewayon wutar lantarki daga 1.7V zuwa 3.6V, wanda ya dace da fitarwar baturi da hanyoyin wutar lantarki na yau da kullun. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na wutar lantarki yayin aikin aunawa shine 95 µA a matsakaicin zagayowar aiki. Wani muhimmin siffofi don adana wutar lantarki shine yanayin tsayawa (kashewa), wanda ke ɗaukar kawai 1 µA. Lokacin farkawa daga wannan yanayin tsayawa zuwa shirye-shiryen aunawa yawanci shine 10 ms, yana ba da damar amsa cikin sauri yayin kiyaye matsakaicin ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki.

Halayen Na'urar Gano Kusa (PS):
Aikin PS yana da saitin da yawa. Ƙudurin inganci ana zaɓe tsakanin 8, 9, 10, da 11 bits, yana ba masu ƙira damar canza daidaiton aunawa don saurin canzawa. Fitilar infrared da ke ciki tana aiki a madaidaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa na 940 nm. Halin yanzu na LED ana iya saita shi cikin matakai: 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, da 125 mA, yana ba da damar daidaita kewayon ganowa da amfani da wutar lantarki. LED tana bugun bugun jini a mitar 60 kHz zuwa 100 kHz tare da zagayowar aiki na 50%. Adadin bugun jini a kowane zagayowar aunawa ana iya saita shi daga 1 zuwa 255, yana rinjayar kai tsaye lokacin haɗawa da hankali. A ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun (bugun jini 32, 60 kHz, 100 mA, manufa mai launin toka 18%), na'urar na iya gano abubuwa a nisa har zuwa 10 cm. An ƙayyade kawar da hasken muhallinta har zuwa 100 klux na hasken rana kai tsaye.

2.2 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici da Yanayin Aiki

Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici:Waɗannan iyakoki ne na damuwa waɗanda ba za a wuce su ba, ko da na ɗan lokaci, don hana lalacewa na dindindin. Wutar lantarki (VDD) ba za ta wuce 4.0V ba. Fil ɗin I/O na lambobi (SCL, SDA, INT) da filin LDR suna da kewayon wutar lantarki daga -0.5V zuwa +4.0V. Ana iya adana na'urar a yanayin zafi tsakanin -40°C da +100°C.

Sharuɗɗan Aiki da Ake Shawarar:Waɗannan suna bayyana yanayin aiki na yau da kullun don ingantaccen aiki. Ya kamata a kiyaye VDD tsakanin 1.7V da 3.6V. Wutar lantarki na anode na LED (VLED) yana buƙatar tushen wutar lantarki daban na 3.0V zuwa 4.5V. Hanyar sadarwa ta I2C tana gane babban ma'ana (V_I2Chigh) a ≥1.5V da ƙananan ma'ana (V_I2Clow) a ≤0.4V. Cikakken kewayon yanayin zafin aiki shine -40°C zuwa +85°C, yana tabbatar da aiki a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.

2.3 Halayen Lantarki na AC (Hanyar Sadarwa ta I2C)

Na'urar tana goyan bayan duka yanayin daidaitawa na I2C na yau da kullun (100 kHz) da sauri (400 kHz). Muhimman sigogi na lokaci sun haɗa da: mitar agogo SCL (f_SCL) daga 0 zuwa 400 kHz, lokacin 'yanci na bas (t_BUF) mafi ƙarancin 1.3 µs, lokacin ƙananan SCL (t_LOW) mafi ƙarancin 1.3 µs, lokacin babban SCL (t_HIGH) mafi ƙarancin 0.6 µs, da lokacin saitin bayanai (t_SU:DAT) mafi ƙarancin 100 ns. Lokacin tashi da faɗuwa na duka siginar SDA da SCL dole ne su kasance ƙasa da 300 ns. Tacewa na shigarwa yana murkushe ƙararrawar amo ba ta da gajarta fiye da 50 ns.

3. Bincike Mai zurfi na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Bayanin fasaha yana ba da jadawalin aiki na yau da kullun masu mahimmanci don ƙira.

Ƙidaya PS vs. Nisa:Wannan lanƙwasa yana kwatanta alaƙar da ke tsakanin fitarwar lambobi daga na'urar (ƙidaya PS) da nisa zuwa katin launin toka mai nuna haske na 18%. Lanƙwasa yawanci ba shi da layi, yana nuna ƙaruwar ƙidaya cikin sauri yayin da nisa ya ragu kusa da na'urar, sannan ya biyo bayan raguwa a hankali yayin da nisa ya ƙaru. Wannan jadawalin yana da mahimmanci don daidaita na'urar da saita madaidaicin iyakokin katsewa don takamaiman kewayon ganowa a cikin aikace-aikace.

Amsar Kusurwar Mai Fitawa:Wannan zane yana nuna tsarin radiyon sararin samaniya na LED na infrared da ke ciki. Yana nuna ƙarfin hasken infrared da ake fitarwa a matsayin aikin kusurwa daga tsakiyar axis (yawanci zanen polar). Tsarin da aka saba ga wannan fakitin zai iya nuna rarrabawa mai faɗi, kamar na Lambertian. Fahimtar wannan tsarin yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar injina, saboda yana rinjayar filin gani da yankin ganowa na na'urar gano kusa. Daidaitaccen daidaitawar kowane taga ko ruwan tabarau tare da wannan tsarin yana da mahimmanci don cimma takamaiman kewayon 10 cm.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin

LTR-X130P yana cikin fakitin ChipLED mai fil 8. An ba da girman juzu'i a cikin bayanin fasaha tare da duk ma'auni a cikin milimita. Matsakaicin girman da ba a bayyana ba shine ±0.2 mm. An ƙera fakitin don daidaitattun hanyoyin sarrafa kayan aiki da sake gyarawa na atomatik waɗanda aka saba da su a cikin masana'antar lantarki mai yawa.

5. Jagororin Solder da Taro

Duk da yake ba a bayyana cikakkun bayanan sake gyarawa ba a cikin abin da aka fitar, an yi niyya don na'urar don daidaitaccen fasahar haɗawa ta saman (SMT). Ana ba da shawarar bin jagororin JEDEC J-STD-020 don sifofin sake gyarawa marasa gubar. Ya kamata a tabbatar da matakin hankali (MSL) daga cikakken bayanin fakitin. Yawanci ana samar da na'urori a cikin jakar bushewa tare da bushewa kuma ya kamata a gasa su bisa ga hanyoyin daidaitawa idan katin nuna zafi na jakar ya nuna yawan damshi kafin amfani.

6. Bayanin Fakitin da Oda

Daidaitaccen fakitin LTR-X130P shine Tape da Reel, wanda ya dace da kayan aikin haɗawa ta atomatik. Kowane reel yana ƙunshe da raka'a 8000. Lambar sashi ita ce LTR-X130P.

7. Shawarwarin Ƙira na Aikace-aikace

7.1 Daidaitaccen Da'irar Aikace-aikace

Daidaitaccen da'irar aikace-aikace yana nuna mahimman abubuwan da ake la'akari da su na ƙira. Wani muhimmin buƙatu shine rabuwar wutar lantarki na lambobi (VDD, 1.7-3.6V) da wutar lantarki na anode na LED (VLED, 3.0-4.5V). Wannan rabuwa ya zama dole don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na halin yanzu na LED da kuma hana amo daga bugun jini na LED ya haɗu cikin hanyoyin wutar lantarki masu hankali na analog da lambobi. Da'irar ta haɗa da resistors na ja (Rp1, Rp2, Rp3) akan layukan SDA, SCL, da INT. Ya kamata a zaɓi ƙimar su (1 kΩ zuwa 10 kΩ) bisa ga jimlar ƙarfin bas da lokacin tashi da ake so don cika ƙayyadaddun I2C. Capacitors na raba siginar suna da mahimmanci: ya kamata a sanya capacitor 1 µF ±20% X7R/X5R (C1) kusa da filin VDD, kuma ana ba da shawarar capacitor 0.1 µF (C2). Ana amfani da irin wannan capacitor 1 µF (C3) akan layin VLED.

7.2 Saitin Fil da Aiki

• Fil 1 (SDA):Layin bayanai na jerin I2C (bi-directional).
• Fil 2 (INT):Fitarwar katsewa mai aiki-ƙananan. Yana tabbatarwa lokacin da abin da aka saita na kusa ya faru.
• Fil 3 (LDR):Yana haɗawa da cathode na LED. Lokacin amfani da direban ciki, ana haɗa wannan filin zuwa Fil 4 (LEDK).
• Fil 4 (LEDK):Haɗin cathode na LED.
• Fil 5 (LEDA):Haɗin anode na LED. Dole ne a samar dashi daga layin VLED daban (3.0-4.5V).
• Fil 6 (GND):Ƙasar tsarin.
• Fil 7 (SCL):Shigar agogo na jerin I2C.
• Fil 8 (VDD):Shigar wutar lantarki na lambobi (1.7-3.6V).

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

LTR-X130P ta bambanta kanta ta hanyar haɗakarwa mai girma da ingantaccen aiki a cikin yanayi masu ƙalubale. Idan aka kwatanta da mafita daban-daban (LED na infrared daban, photodiode, da IC na gyara siginar), tana ba da ƙaramin ƙafar ƙafa, sauƙaƙa tsarin ƙira, da rage lissafin kayan (BOM). Idan aka kwatanta da sauran na'urori masu gano kusa, manyan fa'idodinta sun haɗa da babban juriyar hasken muhalli na 100 klux, wanda ya fi yawancin masu fafatawa, da kuma sassauƙa, saitin halin yanzu na LED da ƙidaya bugun jini waɗanda ke ba da damar daidaitawa don takamaiman kewayon, wutar lantarki, da buƙatun lokacin amsa. Gyaran masana'anta yana tabbatar da ƙaramin bambanci tsakanin raka'a, yana inganta yawan samarwa da daidaito a cikin samfuran ƙarshe.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa ga Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Me ya sa VDD da VLED dole ne su zama hanyoyin wutar lantarki daban?
A: Bugun jini na LED na iya ɗaukar halin yanzu mai mahimmanci (har zuwa 125 mA). Raba hanyar wutar lantarki zai haifar da babban faɗuwar wutar lantarki ko amo akan layin VDD, wanda zai iya rushe hankalin gaban analog da ma'ana na lambobi na na'urar, wanda zai haifar da karatun da ba daidai ba ko sake saita abubuwan da suka faru. Hanyoyi daban sun ware wannan amo.

Q: Ta yaya zan ƙara kewayon ganowa fiye da 10 cm?
A: Kewayon yana rinjayar halin yanzu na LED, adadin bugun jini, da nuna haske na manufa. Don ƙara kewayon, zaku iya saita mafi girman halin yanzu na LED (har zuwa 125 mA) da/ko ƙara adadin bugun jini a kowane aunawa (har zuwa 255). Lura cewa wannan zai ƙara yawan amfani da wutar lantarki a kowane zagayowar aunawa.

Q: Ta yaya aikin katsewa yake taimakawa adana wutar lantarki?
A> Maimakon babban microcontroller ya ci gaba da binciken na'urar don karatu (yana kiyaye bas na I2C da CPU aiki), ana iya saita na'urar tare da manyan iyakoki na kusa da ƙananan. Mai gida yana sanya na'urar da kanta cikin yanayin ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Sai dai lokacin da wani abu ya shiga ko barin yankin kusa da aka ayyana, na'urar ta tabbatar da layin INT, ta farkar da mai gida don ɗaukar mataki. Wannan yana rage ayyukan tsarin.

Q: Menene manufar siffar soke crosstalk?
A: A cikin ƙaramin fakitin, wasu hasken infrared daga mai fitarwa na ciki na iya zubewa kai tsaye ko nuna a ciki akan photodiode ba tare da buga wani abu na waje ba. Wannan yana haifar da madaidaicin ma'auni ko siginar "crosstalk". Na'urar ta haɗa da da'ira don aunawa da cire wannan ma'auni ta hanyar lambobi, yana tabbatar da cewa ƙidaya ta kusa tana wakiltar hasken da aka nuna daga wani abu na waje.

10. Nazarin Shari'o'in Ƙira da Amfani

Nazarin Shari'a 1: Gudanar da Nuni na Wayar Hannu:A cikin wayar hannu, ana sanya LTR-X130P kusa da kayan ji. Lokacin da mai amfani ya kawo wayar zuwa kunnen sa yayin kira, na'urar ta gano kusancin kai (cikin ~2-5 cm). Tana haifar da katsewa ga mai sarrafa aikace-aikace, wanda sai ya kashe na'urar taɓawa don hana taɓawar kunci da kuma dushe hasken baya don adana wutar lantarki. Lokacin da aka cire wayar, ana mayar da nuni.

Nazarin Shari'a 2: Gano Kasancewar Kiosk Mai Mu'amala:Wani kiosk na bayanan jama'a yana amfani da na'urar don gano lokacin da mutum ya kusanci cikin 50 cm. Bayan ganowa, ya farka daga yanayin bacci mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki, ya kunna nuni, kuma ya nuna madauki mai jan hankali. Idan ba a gano kowa ba na wani lokaci da aka saita, ya koma bacci, yana rage yawan amfani da makamashi sosai idan aka kwatanta da gudana 24/7.

11. Ka'idojin Aiki

LTR-X130P tana aiki bisa ka'idar gano kusa da infrared mai aiki da gano hasken muhalli. Don aunawa na kusa, microcontroller na ciki yana haifar da LED na infrared da ke ciki don fitar da jerin bugun jini a 940 nm. Duk wani abu a gaban na'urar yana nuna wani ɓangare na wannan haske. Photodiode mai hankali na infrared ke canza ƙarfin hasken da aka nuna zuwa ƙaramin photocurrent. Wannan halin yanzu yana haɗawa kuma ana canza shi zuwa ƙimar lambobi ta ADC mai ƙuduri. Ƙarfin wannan ƙimar lambobi (ƙidaya PS) yana daidai da nuna haske da kusancin abu. Na'urar a lokaci guda tana auna hasken muhalli ta amfani da photodiode na haske na gani daban, wanda ake sarrafa fitarwarsa don cire ɓangaren IR na muhalli daga siginar kusa, yana inganta daidaito.

Hanyar sadarwa ta I2C tana bin ka'idojin daidaitawa. Na'urar tana da takamaiman adreshin bawa na 7-bit na 0x53. Babban mai sarrafa yana amfani da wannan adireshi don rubuta rajistar saitin saiti (misali, saita halin yanzu na LED, ƙidaya bugun jini, iyakokin katsewa) da kuma karanta bayanan kusa da hasken muhalli. Ka'idojin karantawa da rubutu, gami da rubuce-rubuce guda ɗaya, rubuce-rubuce na jerin gwano, da karatun tsarin haɗe (Mafari mai maimaitawa), ana aiwatar da su bisa ga ƙayyadaddun I2C.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Juyin halittar na'urori kamar LTR-X130P yana bin wasu bayyanannun trends na masana'antu. Akwai ci gaba mai ci gaba zuwa haɗakarwa mafi girma, haɗa ayyuka da yawa (misali, gano launi, gane motsi) cikin fakitin guda ɗaya yayin rage girman ƙafar ƙafa. Ingantaccen amfani da wutar lantarki ya kasance mafi mahimmanci, yana tura ƙananan halin yanzu na aiki da tsayawa da tsare-tsaren farkawa masu hikima. Aiki a cikin matsanancin yanayi yana inganta, tare da mafi kyawun juriya na hasken rana da faɗin kewayon zafin jiki. Bugu da ƙari, akwai wani yanayi zuwa ga na'urori masu "hankali" tare da algorithms da aka saka waɗanda ke ba da bayanai masu matakin girma, waɗanda aka riga aka sarrafa su (misali, tutocin "abu yana nan / babu" maimakon ƙidaya danye) don sauke sarrafa daga babban mai sarrafa aikace-aikace da sauƙaƙa haɓakar software.