Takardar Bayani na Fasaha na Kayan LED - Sake Dubawa na Tsarin Rayuwa na 2 - Ranar Saki 2014-12-11 - Takardar Fasaha ta Turanci

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takardar bayani ta fasaha tana ba da cikakken bayani game da kayan LED, tare da mai da hankali kan sarrafa tsarin rayuwarsa da ƙayyadaddun bayanan fasaha. An tsara takardar ne don ba wa injiniyoyi, masu ƙira, da ƙwararrun sayayya mahimman bayanan da ake buƙata don haɗawa, cancanta, da tallafi na dogon lokaci na kayan a cikin tsarin lantarki. Babban bayanin da aka gabatar yana tabbatar da matsayin sake dubawa na takardar da kuma ingancinta na dindindin don dalilan tunani.

Babban manufar wannan takardar bayani ita ce ta zama tushe na ƙayyadaddun sigogi na fasaha na kayan da bayanan tsarin rayuwarsa. An tsara ta don tallafawa yanke shawara a cikin ƙirar samfur, tsara tsarin masana'antu, da sarrafa sarkar samarwa. Bayanan da ke cikin wannan takarda suna da mahimmanci don tabbatar da dacewa, amintacce, da daidaiton aiki a aikace-aikacen ƙarshe.

2. Tsarin Rayuwa da Bayanan Sarrafa Takarda

Sashen sarrafa takarda yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar inganci da ikon bayanan fasaha da aka gabatar.

2.1 Matakin Tsarin Rayuwa

Kayan da takardunsa masu alaƙa suna cikinSake Dubawamataki. Wannan yana nuna cewa ƙirar samfur da ƙayyadaddun bayanai suna da ƙarfi, balagagge, kuma suna cikin aiki mai ƙarfi. Lambar sake dubawa na wannan takarda ita ce2, wanda ke nuna cewa shine saki na biyu na wannan takardar bayani ta fasaha. Sake dubawa yawanci suna haɗa da gyare-gyare, bayyanawa, ko sabunta sigogi bisa ga ra'ayoyin samarwa ko hanyoyin gwaji masu inganci.

2.2 Ingantaccen Takarda

Lokacin daLokacin da ya ƙarena wannan takarda an bayyana shi a matsayinHar Abada. Wannan alamar tana nufin cewa wannan takamaiman sake dubawa na takardar bayani yana ci gaba da aiki har abada don tunani ga sigar kayan da yake bayyana. Ba ya ƙarewa ko zama tsoho sai dai an fitar da sabon sake dubawa don maye gurbinsa. Wannan ya zama ruwan dare ga takardun bayani na manyan kayan da aka daidaita.

2.3 Bayanan Saki

HukumaRanar Sakina wannan sake dubawa (Sake Dubawa na 2) ita ce2014-12-11 18:36:47.0. Wannan alamar lokaci tana ba da bayanan tarihi na lokacin da aka kammala wannan takamaiman saitin ƙayyadaddun bayanai kuma aka buga su. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa sigogi da kuma gano tarihin ƙayyadaddun bayanan kayan.

3. Zurfin Fassarar Manufa na Sigogi na Fasaha

Yayin da abin da aka samo daga PDF ya mai da hankali kan bayanan takarda, cikakken takardar bayani na LED zai ƙunshi cikakkun sigogi na fasaha. Sashe masu zuwa suna bayyana sigogi na yau da kullun da ake samu a cikin irin wannan takarda da kuma mahimmancinsu.

3.1 Halayen Hotometric

Halayen hotometric suna ayyana fitowar haske na LED. Mahimman sigogi sun haɗa da luminous flux (wanda aka auna a cikin lumens, lm), wanda ke ƙididdige ƙarfin haske da ake gani. Ƙarfin haske (wanda aka auna a cikin candela, cd) yana bayyana fitowar haske a takamaiman shugabanci. Haɗin zafin launi (CCT), wanda aka auna a cikin Kelvin (K), yana ayyana ko farin haske yana bayyana dumi, tsaka-tsaki, ko sanyi. Ga LED masu launi, ana ƙayyadaddun tsayin raƙuman ruwa (wanda aka auna a cikin nanometers, nm). Haɗin launi (misali, akan jadawalin CIE 1931) suna ba da takamaiman ma'anar wurin launi. Fahimtar waɗannan sigogi yana da mahimmanci don cimma haske da ingancin launi da ake so a aikace-aikace.

3.2 Sigogi na Lantarki

Sigogi na lantarki suna da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) shine raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin aiki a takamaiman ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (If). Yana da mahimmanci don tantance buƙatun wutar lantarki. Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (If) shine matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na ci gaba da LED zai iya ɗauka, yana rinjayar fitowar haske da rayuwa kai tsaye. Ƙarfin lantarki na baya (Vr) yana ƙayyadaddun matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da za'a iya amfani da shi a cikin shugabanci na baya ba tare da lalata na'urar ba. Waɗannan sigogi suna tabbatar da cewa ana tuka LED a cikin yankin aiki mai aminci (SOA).

3.3 Halayen Zafi

Aikin LED da tsawon rayuwa sun dogara sosai kan sarrafa zafi. Zafin haɗin gwiwa (Tj) shine zafin jiki a chip semiconductor kanta. Juriya na zafi (Rth j-s ko Rth j-a), wanda aka auna a cikin digiri Celsius kowace watt (°C/W), yana nuna yadda ake canja wurin zafi daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa wurin solder (s) ko yanayi (a). Ana son juriya na zafi mai ƙasa. Matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa (Tj max) ba dole ba ne a wuce shi don hana lalacewa mai sauri ko gazawar bala'i. An tsara wurin zafi mai dacewa bisa ga waɗannan ƙimomi.

4. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

Bambance-bambancen masana'antu suna haifar da ɗan bambanci tsakanin LED ɗaya. Binning shine tsarin rarraba LED zuwa ƙungiyoyi (kwantena) bisa ga mahimman sigogi don tabbatar da daidaito.

4.1 Binning na Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa/Zafin Launi

Ana rarraba LED bisa ga haɗin launinsu ko CCT. Ga fararen LED, ana ayyana kwantena ta ƙananan murabba'ai akan jadawalin CIE ko ta hanyar kewayon CCT (misali, 3000K ± 100K). Ga LED masu launi ɗaya, ana ayyana kwantena ta hanyar kewayon tsayin raƙuman ruwa (misali, 525nm ± 2nm). Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin gungu na samfuran.

4.2 Binning na Luminous Flux

Ana rarraba LED bisa ga fitowar haske a daidaitaccen gwajin ƙarfin lantarki. Ana haɗa su cikin kwantena na flux (misali, Kwandon A: 100-110 lm, Kwandon B: 90-100 lm). Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatun haske kuma yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye daidaiton haske a cikin samfur.

4.3 Binning na Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Hakanan ana rarraba LED ta hanyar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) a takamaiman gwajin ƙarfin lantarki. Kwantena na gama gari na iya zama Vf1: 2.8V - 3.0V, Vf2: 3.0V - 3.2V, da sauransu. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irori masu inganci, musamman lokacin haɗa LED da yawa a jere, don rage bambancin ƙarfin lantarki da asarar wutar lantarki.

5. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Bayanan hoto suna ba da zurfin fahimtar halayen LED a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

5.1 Lanƙwasa Halayen Ƙarfin Lantarki-Ƙarfin Lantarki (I-V)

Wannan lanƙwasa tana nuna alaƙar tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Ba ta da layi, tana nuna ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki wanda ƙasa da shi ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki ke gudana. Gangaren lanƙwasa a yankin aiki yana da alaƙa da juriya mai ƙarfi. Wannan jadawali yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar dacewar direba da kuma hasashen raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a cikin simintin da'ira.

5.2 Halayen Zafin Jiki

Jadawalai da yawa suna nuna dogaro da zafin jiki. Lanƙwasa na luminous flux da zafin haɗin gwiwa yawanci yana nuna raguwar fitarwa yayin da zafin jiki ya karu. Lanƙwasa na ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da zafin haɗin gwiwa yawanci yana nuna ƙimar mara kyau (Vf yana raguwa yayin da Tj ya karu). Waɗannan lanƙwasan suna da mahimmanci don ƙirar tsarin da ke kiyaye aiki a kan kewayon zafin aiki da aka yi niyya.

5.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Lantarki na Spectral (SPD)

Jadawalin SPD yana nuna ƙarfin haske da aka fitar a kowane tsayin raƙuman ruwa. Ga fararen LED (yawanci phosphor-converted), yana nuna kololuwar shuɗi daga guntun LED da kuma mafi faɗin kololuwar rawaya/ja daga phosphor. Ana amfani da wannan jadawali don ƙididdige ma'anar bayyana launi (CRI), CCT, da sauran kaddarorin launi.

6. Bayanan Injiniya da Marufi

Ƙayyadaddun bayanan jiki suna tabbatar da dacewa da aiki akan allon da'ira da aka buga (PCB).

6.1 Zanen Tsarin Girma

Cikakken zanen injiniya yana ba da duk mahimman girma: tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, tazarar jagora, da juriya na kayan. Ana amfani da wannan zanen don ƙirar ƙafafun PCB da kuma duba sarari a cikin haɗawa.

6.2 Ƙirar Tsarin Pad

An ba da shirin ƙasa na PCB da aka ba da shawarar (lissafin pad da girman) don tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin gwiwa na solder yayin sake yin solder. Yana lissafin juriya na kayan da kuma samuwar fillet na solder.

3.3 Ganewa na Polarity

Hanyar gano anode da cathode an bayyana su a fili, yawanci ta hanyar alama akan jikin kayan (misali, tsaga, ɗigo, ko yanke kusurwa) ko ta hanyar siffofin jagora marasa daidaituwa. Daidaitaccen polarity yana da mahimmanci don aikin da'ira.

7. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Waɗannan umarni suna kiyaye ingancin LED yayin masana'antu.

7.1 Bayanin Solder na Sake Solder

An ba da shawarar bayanin zafin jiki don sake yin solder, gami da dumama, jiƙa, sake yin solder (matsakaicin zafin jiki), da ƙimar sanyaya. An ƙayyade iyakar matsakaicin zafin jiki da lokacin sama da ruwa don hana lalacewar zafi ga kunshin LED ko mutuwar ciki.

7.2 Kariya da Sarrafawa

Jagororin sun haɗa da gargaɗi game da amfani da matsin lamba na injiniya ga ruwan tabarau na LED, amfani da kariya mai dacewa na ESD (sakin lantarki), da kuma guje wa gurɓatawar saman gani. Hakanan za'a iya ƙayyade hanyoyin tsaftacewa masu dacewa da kayan kunshin.

7.3 Yanayin Ajiya

An ba da shawarar kewayon zafin jiki da ɗanɗano don hana lalacewar kayan kafin amfani, kamar shan danshi wanda zai iya haifar da "popcorning" yayin sake yin solder.

8. Bayanan Marufi da Oda

Wannan sashe yana cikakken bayani game da yadda ake samar da samfurin.

8.1 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi

An ƙayyade girman tef da reel, girman aljihu, da shugabanci don kayan aikin sanya kayan aiki ta atomatik. An bayyana adadin kowane reel ko kowane bututu.

8.2 Bayanan Alamar

An bayyana abun cikin alamar marufi, yawanci sun haɗa da lambar sashi, adadi, lambar rukuni/gungu, lambar kwanan wata, da bayanan binning.

8.3 Tsarin Lambar Sashi

An bayyana al'adar suna na samfurin, yana nuna yadda lambar sashi ke ɓoye mahimman halaye kamar launi, kwandon flux, kwandon ƙarfin lantarki, nau'in marufi, kuma wani lokacin fasali na musamman.

9. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

Jagora don aiwatar da kayan yadda ya kamata.

9.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun

Yawanci ana haɗa zane-zane na da'irori na tuƙi na asali, kamar da'ira mai sauƙi na resistor na jere don wadatar ƙarfin lantarki na dindindin ko shawarwari don amfani da direbobi na ƙarfin lantarki na dindindin. An tattauna la'akari don haɗin jere/ layi daya.

9.2 La'akari da Ƙira

Mahimman shawarwarin ƙira sun haɗa da mahimmanci na sarrafa zafi (yankin tagulla na PCB, ramukan zafi), ƙirar gani (zaɓin ruwan tabarau, tazara), da ƙirar lantarki (kariya daga ƙarfin lantarki, dacewa da duhu).

10. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Ko da yake ba koyaushe ake bayyana su a fili a cikin takardar bayani guda ɗaya ba, sigogi suna ayyana matsayin kayan. Fa'idodi na iya haɗawa da ingantaccen inganci na haske (lumens kowace watt), ingantaccen daidaiton launi (binning mai ƙarfi), ingantaccen bayanan amintacce (manyan ƙimar rayuwa L70/L90), ko ƙirar siffa mai ƙarfi wanda ke ba da damar ƙira mai yawa.

11. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

An magance tambayoyi na gama gari bisa ga sigogi na fasaha.

Q: Shin zan iya tuka wannan LED tare da tushen ƙarfin lantarki?

A: Ko da yake yana yiwuwa tare da resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki na jere, ana ba da shawarar direba na ƙarfin lantarki na dindindin don ingantaccen fitowar haske da amintacce na dogon lokaci, saboda ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED yana bambanta da zafin jiki da kwandon.

Q: Menene ke haifar da raguwar fitowar haske akan lokaci?

A: Sannu a hankali lalacewar kayan semiconductor da phosphors (idan akwai) yana haifar da raguwar lumen. Yin aiki da LED a ko ƙasa da ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki da kuma kiyaye ƙaramin zafin haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar ingantaccen wurin zafi sune manyan hanyoyin don ƙara tsawon rayuwa.

Q: Yaya mahimmanci ƙimar juriya na zafi?

A: Yana da mahimmanci sosai. Shi ne ma'auni mai mahimmanci don ƙididdige haɓakar zafin jiki na haɗin gwiwar LED sama da yanayi ko zafin allon don wani ƙarfin lantarki. Wucewa Tj max yana rage tsawon rayuwa sosai.

12. Misalan Amfani na Aiki

Hali na 1: Hasken Layi na Gine-gine:Don ci gaba da gudanar da tsiri na LED, zaɓar LED daga kwandon flux mai ƙarfi da launi ɗaya yana da mahimmanci don guje wa bayyane haske ko canjin launi tare da tsayi. Ingantaccen amintacce da ƙayyadaddun tsawon rayuwa suna tallafawa tsarin kula da dogon lokaci don kayan aikin da aka sanya.

Hali na 2: Hasken Ciki na Motoci:LED da ake amfani da su a cikin hasken baya na dashboard ko hasken yanayi dole ne su yi aiki da aminci a cikin kewayon zafin jiki mai faɗi (-40°C zuwa +85°C ko sama da haka). Ana amfani da lanƙwasan zafin jiki na takardar bayani don flux da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba don ƙirar da'irori waɗanda ke rama waɗannan canje-canje, suna tabbatar da bayyanar daidai.

13. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki

LED diode ne na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, electrons daga semiconductor na n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga semiconductor na p-type a cikin yankin aiki, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Tsayin raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar yana ƙaddara ta hanyar bandgap na makamashi na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su (misali, InGaN don shuɗi/kore, AlInGaP don ja/amber). Fararen LED yawanci ana ƙirƙira su ta hanyar lulluɓe guntun LED shuɗi tare da phosphor rawaya; cakuda shuɗi da hasken rawaya yana bayyana fari ga idon ɗan adam.

14. Trends na Fasaha

Masana'antar LED tana ci gaba da haɓakawa. Manyan abubuwan da ke faruwa sun haɗa da ci gaba da haɓaka ingancin haske, rage amfani da makamashi don takamaiman fitowar haske. Akwai mai da hankali sosai kan inganta ingancin launi, kamar cimma mafi girman Ma'anar Bayyana Launi (CRI) da daidaitaccen daidaita launi. Ƙananan ƙira yana ci gaba, yana ba da damar mafi ƙanƙanta matakan pixel a cikin nuni kai tsaye. Bugu da ƙari, haɗa fasali na wayo, kamar direbobi na ciki ko da'irar sarrafa launi, yana zama ruwan dare gama gari. Bincike a cikin sabbin kayan, kamar perovskites don nunin gaba da haske, shima yanki ne mai aiki na ci gaba.