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Takardar Rayuwar Kayan LED - Sake Dubawa Na 2 - Ranar Saki 2013-10-18 - Cikakken Bayanin Fasaha na Turanci

Takardar fasaha da ke bayyana matakin rayuwa, matsayin sake dubawa, da bayanan saki na kayan LED. Wannan takarda ta ƙayyade Sake Dubawa Na 2 tare da tsayayyen lokacin aiki.
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Murfin Takardar PDF - Takardar Rayuwar Kayan LED - Sake Dubawa Na 2 - Ranar Saki 2013-10-18 - Cikakken Bayanin Fasaha na Turanci

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takardar fasaha tana ba da cikakken bayani na tsarin rayuwa da sarrafa sake dubawa na wani takamaiman kayan lantarki, mai yiwuwa LED ko na'urar semiconductor mai alaƙa. Babban manufar wannan takarda ita ce kafa ingantacciyar sigar da matsayin ƙayyadaddun samfurin, tare da tabbatar da daidaito da bin diddigin a cikin masana'antu da aikace-aikace. Takardar tana nuna cewa an kammala sake dubawa mai ƙarfi, ba tare da tsammanin ƙarewa ba, wanda ke nuna cikakkiyar ƙayyadaddun samfur mai inganci wanda ya dace da haɗawa cikin ƙira na dogon lokaci.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha da Bayanan Rayuwa

Bayanan da aka bayar sun mayar da hankali ne kawai akan bayanan gudanarwa da rayuwa (metadata) maimakon ma'auni na yau da kullun kamar ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, ko haske. Ma'auni mahimman da aka rubuta sune kamar haka:

3. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Bayanan da aka Rubuta

3.1 Fassarar Matakin Rayuwa

Matakin \"Sake Dubawa\" mataki ne na yau da kullun a cikin sarrafa takardun samfur. Yana bin daftarin aiki na farko da samfura. Samfurin da ke cikin matakin Sake Dubawa an daskare ainihin ma'aunansa, kuma ana sarrafa duk wani canji ta hanyar tsarin sarrafa sake dubawa na yau da kullun. Wannan yana ba da kwanciyar hankali ga injiniyoyin da ke ƙirar wannan kayan a cikin tsarin su, domin za su iya dogaro da ƙayyadaddun ba za su canza ba bisa ka'ida.

3.2 Ma'anar \"Har Abada\" a Ƙarewa

\"Lokacin Ƙarewa: Har Abada\" ba sabon abu bane ga samfuran da ake aiki da su inda ake sa ran ci gaba da ingantawa. Yana nuna ƙarfi ɗaya daga cikin yanayi biyu: ko dai samfurin ya kasance ɗan ƙware, daidaitaccen ɓangare (kamar LED na 5mm na gargajiya) inda ba a sa ran ƙarin canje-canje, ko kuma wannan hoton takarda an yi niyya ne don adana ainihin ƙayyadaddun don wani takamaiman aiki ko rajistar ƙa'ida, yana adana wannan sigar har abada.

3.3 Muhimmancin Ranar Saki

Ainihin ranar saki (2013-10-18) yana da mahimmanci ga bin diddigin. A cikin masana'antu masu ƙaƙƙarfan sarrafa inganci, kamar motoci ko sararin samaniya, dole ne a rubuta takamaiman sake dubawa na kowane ɓangaren da aka yi amfani da shi. Wannan ranar tana ba da damar haɗa na'urar da aka ƙera zuwa ainihin ƙayyadaddun da suka kasance a lokacin ƙirarta ko samarwa.

4. Jagororin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan da ake la'akari da su a Ƙira

Lokacin amfani da wani ɓangaren da wannan takarda ta ƙayyade, abin da ake la'akari da shi na farko shine sarrafa sake dubawa. Masu ƙira dole ne su tabbatar suna amfani da Sake Dubawa Na 2 na ƙayyadaddun. Idan akwai wani sake dubawa na gaba (misali, Sake Dubawa Na 3), dole ne a kimanta bambance-bambancen don tantance dacewa. \"Har Abada\" ƙarewa yana sauƙaƙa kula da dogon lokaci ga tsoffin tsarin, saboda ƙayyadaddun kayan gyara ba su canza ba.

5. Mahallin Aiki da Amincewa

Duk da yake wannan ɓangaren ba shi da bayyanannun ma'auni na aiki (IV, zafin jiki, bakan haske), bayanan rayuwa suna nuna kwanciyar hankali na aiki. Samfurin da ya kai matsayin sake dubawa na dindindin yawanci yana da halayen da aka siffanta daidai kuma mai daidaito. Duk mahimman ma'auni na aiki—kamar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, kusurwar kallo, daidaitawar launi, da juriyar zafi—ana ƙayyade su a cikin cikakken ƙayyadaddun da wannan shafin ke nuni. Ƙimar su ta daskare don Sake Dubawa Na 2.

6. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

Tsarin takardar yana nuna cewa cikakkun zane-zane na injiniya, girman marufi, shimfidar ƙafafu, da alamun polarity suna ƙunshe a cikin shafuka masu zuwa na cikakken takardar bayanai. Bayanan kai suna tabbatar da cewa duk irin waɗannan ƙayyadaddun injiniya wani ɓangare ne na ƙayyadaddun Sake Dubawa Na 2 da aka daskare.

7. Jagororin Solder da Taro

Daidaitattun bayanan solder (don sake karkarwa ko solder igiyar ruwa) da kuma kariya ta hannu wani ɓangare ne na cikakken ƙayyadaddun ɓangaren. Amfani da Sake Dubawa Na 2 yana tabbatar da cewa duk wani umarnin taro ko matsakaicin ƙimar zafin jiki su ne takamaiman waɗanda aka tabbatar da su don wannan sigar samfurin.

8. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

Nau'in marufi (tef da reel, tire), adadin kowane reel, da matakin hankali na danshi (MSL) ana ƙayyade su a cikin cikakken takardar bayanai. Lambar samfurin da ke da alaƙa da Sake Dubawa Na 2 ita ce mabuɗin gano don saye. Tsayayyen ingancin yana taimakawa wajen tsara sarkar samarwa na dogon lokaci.

9. Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wani ɓangaren da ke da sake dubawa mai tsayi mai ƙarfi ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar samuwa na dogon lokaci da ƙaramin ƙoƙarin sake cancanta. Wannan ya haɗa da tsarin sarrafa masana'antu, hasken ababen more rayuwa, hasken cikin mota, da na'urorin masu amfani da suke da tsarin samarwa mai tsayi. Tabbacin kwanciyar hankali na ƙayyadaddun yana goyan bayan samfuran da ke da rayuwa na shekaru da yawa.

10. Kwatantawa da ɓangarorin Matakin Ci Gaba

Babban abin banbance shi ne hasashe. Idan aka kwatanta da wani ɓangaren da ke cikin matakin \"Na Farko\" ko \"Samfurin Injiniya\", ɓangaren matakin \"Sake Dubawa\" tare da ƙarewar har abada ba shi da haɗarin canjin ma'auni. Masu ƙira ba sa buƙatar tsara canje-canjen ƙayyadaddun na gaba, wanda ke rage maimaita ƙira da farashin tabbatarwa.

11. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)

11.1 Me \"Matakin Rayuwa: Sake Dubawa\" ke nufi ga ƙirata?

Yana nufin ƙayyadaddun fasaha na ɓangaren suna da ƙarfi kuma ana sarrafa su. Kuna iya ƙirar wannan ɓangaren a cikin samfurinku tare da babban amincewa cewa ma'auni ba za su canza ba ba zato ba tsammani, yana rage haɗarin sake ƙira na gaba.

11.2 Idan ƙarewar ta kasance \"Har Abada,\" shin hakan yana nufin ba za a taɓa inganta samfurin ba?

Ba lallai ba. Yana nufin wannan takamaiman sake dubawar takarda (Sake Dubawa Na 2) ba za ta taɓa ƙarewa ba. Mai kera na iya fitar da Sake Dubawa Na 3 daga baya tare da ingantawa, wanda zai kasance yana da nasa ranar saki da matsayin rayuwa. Sake Dubawa Na 2 ya kasance mai inganci a matsayin tunani ga ƙirar da ke akwai.

11.3 Ta yaya zan tabbata ina amfani da daidaitaccen sake dubawa?

Lambar sake dubawa yawanci wani ɓangare ne na cikakken lambar samfurin ko lambar oda. Dole ne ku kwatanta lambar ɓangaren mai bayarwa da sake dubawar wannan takarda. Koyaushe ku tabbatar da sake dubawa akan marufin samfurin ko kai tsaye tare da mai bayarwa don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci.

12. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Yi la'akari da mai kera alamun fitarwa na gaggawa. Sun ƙera sabon samfuri ta amfani da LED da aka ƙayyade a cikin Sake Dubawa Na 2 na wannan takarda. Sun kammala takaddun aminci (misali, UL, CE) bisa ga ƙayyadaddun wannan LED. Bayan shekaru biyar, suna buƙatar ƙirar ƙarin raka'a. Saboda ƙayyadaddun Sake Dubawa Na 2 na LED yana da \"Lokacin Ƙarewa: Har Abada,\" za su iya samo lambar LED ɗaya daidai, suna da yakinin cewa aikinsa ya yi daidai da ainihin ƙirar da aka ba da izini, ba tare da buƙatar sake gwaji mai tsada ba.

13. Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Fasaha

Ƙa'idar da aka nuna a nan ita ce sarrafa takarda na yau da kullun da sarrafa rayuwar samfur a cikin injiniya da masana'antu. Ita ce ginshiƙi na tabbacin inganci, yana ba da damar bin diddigin, sarrafa canji, da daidaito. Kowane sake dubawa yana wakilta tushen halayen fasaha da aka yarda da su, kuma matakin rayuwa (Sake Dubawa, Tsufa, Na Farko) yana isar da kwanciyar hankali da manufar amfani da wannan tushe ga al'ummar injiniya.

14. Trends na Masana'antu da Ci Gaba

Trend a cikin takardun ɓangaren yana zuwa ga bin diddigin dijital da takardun bayanai masu hikima. Duk da yake ainihin ra'ayin sake dubawa ya rage, yana ƙara haɗawa tare da fasfo na samfurin dijital da bayanai na gizo. Tsarin gaba na iya haɗa lambar sirri na ɓangaren kai tsaye zuwa takamaiman sake dubawar takardunsa da bayanan rukunin samarwa, yana ƙara bayyana sarkar samarwa da sarrafa inganci har ma da ƙari. Tunanin sake dubawa na \"dindindin\" ya yi daidai da buƙatar masana'antu na kafofin shafuka masu ƙarfi a cikin dogon rayuwar Intanet na Abubuwa (IoT) da kayan aikin masana'antu.

Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED

Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED

Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki

Kalma Naúrar/Wakilci Bayanin Sauri Me yasa yake da muhimmanci
Ingancin Hasken Wuta lm/W (lumen kowace watt) Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki.
Gudun Hasken Wuta lm (lumen) Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai.
Kusurwar Dubawa ° (digiri), misali 120° Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito.
Zafin Launi (CCT) K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace.
CI / Ra Ba naúrar, 0–100 Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi.
SDCM Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya.
Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya.
Rarraba Bakan Hasken Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi.

Ma'auni na Lantarki

Kalma Alamar Bayanin Sauri Abubuwan ƙira
Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba Vf Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere.
Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba If Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai.
Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini Ifp Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa.
Ƙarfin lantarki na baya Vr Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki.
Juriya na zafi Rth (°C/W) Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi.
Rigakafin ESD V (HBM), misali 1000V Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali.

Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa

Kalma Ma'aunin maɓalli Bayanin Sauri Tasiri
Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa Tj (°C) Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi.
Ragewar Lumen L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED.
Kula da Lumen % (misali 70%) Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci.
Canjin Launi Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa.
Tsufa na Zafi Lalacewar kayan aiki Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye.

Tufafi & Kayan Aiki

Kalma Nau'ikan gama gari Bayanin Sauri Siffofi & Aikace-aikace
Nau'in Kunshin EMC, PPA, Yumbu Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai.
Tsarin Guntu Gaba, Guntu Juyawa Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
Rufin Phosphor YAG, Silicate, Nitride Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI.
Ruwan tabarau/Optics Lefi, Microlens, TIR Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske.

Kula da Inganci & Rarraba

Kalma Abun rarraba Bayanin Sauri Manufa
Kwalin Gudun Hasken Lambar misali 2G, 2H An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya.
Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki Lambar misali 6W, 6X An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin.
Kwalin Launi Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin.
Kwalin CCT 2700K, 3000K da sauransu An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban.

Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida

Kalma Matsakaicin/Gwaji Bayanin Sauri Muhimmanci
LM-80 Gwajin kula da lumen Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21).
TM-21 Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa.
IESNA Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince.
RoHS / REACH Tabbatarwar muhalli Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya.
ENERGY STAR / DLC Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa.