Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na Kayan LED - Sake Dubawa Na 2 - Takardun Matakin Rayuwa - Ranar Saki 2014-12-05 - Takardar Fasaha Turanci

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takardar fasaha tana ba da cikakken bayani game da gudanar da rayuwa da tarihin sake dubawa na wani takamaiman kayan LED. Babban abin da aka mayar da hankali akansa shine ingantaccen sarrafa sake dubawa, don tabbatar da bin diddigin bayanai da daidaito a cikin ƙayyadaddun kayan a cikin lokaci. Takardar tana aiki azaman cikakkiyar ma'ana ga injiniyoyi, ƙwararrun saye, da ma'aikatan tabbatar da inganci waɗanda ke da hannu a cikin ƙira, samo, da kera samfuran da ke amfani da wannan kayan. Babban fa'idarta ta ta'allaka ne wajen samar da bayanai masu tsafta, waɗanda aka sarrafa sigar, wanda ke da mahimmanci don kiyaye ingancin samfur, amintacce, da bin ka'ida a cikin zagayowar samarwa na dogon lokaci.

Kasuwarmar da aka yi niyya don wannan takardun ta haɗa da masana'antu masu buƙatar kayan lantarki masu tsayayye, masu dogon rayuwa, kamar fitilun motoci, tsarin sarrafa masana'antu, alamun kasuwanci, da aikace-aikacen haskakawa na gabaɗaya inda aikin da aka saba da kwanciyar hankali na sarkar samarwa suka fi mahimmanci.

2. Gudanar da Rayuwa da Sake Dubawa

2.1 Ma'anar Matakin Rayuwa

Kayan yana cikin matakinSake DubawaWannan yana nuna cewa ƙirar samfur da ƙayyadaddun bayanai an kammala su, an sake su don samarwa, kuma yanzu ana ƙarƙashin canje-canje masu sarrafawa. Matakin sake dubawa yawanci yana biye da sakin ƙira na farko kuma yana gaba da kowane yuwuwar matakin ƙarshen rayuwa (EOL) ko na tsoho. Yana nuna cikakkiyar samfur mai tsayayye, wanda ke samuwa don samarwa mai yawa.

2.2 Sarrafa Sake Dubawa

Matsayin sake dubawa da aka rubuta don wannan kayan shineSake Dubawa Na 2. Wannan lambar lamba tana da mahimmanci don bin diddigin canje-canjen da aka yi ga ƙayyadaddun samfur, kayan aiki, ko hanyoyin masana'antu. Kowane haɓaka sake dubawa yana nuna cewa an aiwatar da canji na yau da kullun kuma an rubuta shi. Dole ne injiniyoyi su tabbatar suna amfani da daidaitaccen sake dubawa na takardar bayanai da kayan don tabbatar da cewa ƙirar su ta yi daidai da gwajin gwaji da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na aiki.

2.3 Bayanan Saki da Ingantacciyar Lokaci

Ranar saki na yau da kullun don Sake Dubawa Na 2 na wannan takardar ita ce2014-12-05 da 13:11:36.0. Wannan alamar lokaci tana ba da madaidaicin ma'anar lokacin da wannan takamaiman saitin ƙayyadaddun bayanai ya fara aiki. Bugu da ƙari, takardar ta ƙayyadeLokacin Karewa: Har Abada. Wannan baƙon rubutu ne amma mai mahimmanci, yana nuna cewa wannan sake dubawa na takardar bayanai ba shi da ƙayyadaddun ranar karewa. Zai kasance ingantaccen tunani har abada, ko kuma har sai an sake sakin sake dubawa na gaba (misali, Sake Dubawa Na 3) a hukumance kuma ya maye gurbinsa. Wannan matsayin "Har Abada" yana jaddada tsayin daka da kwanciyar hankali da aka yi niyya ga kayan a kasuwa.

3. Ma'auni da Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha

Yayin da guntun PDF da aka bayar ya mayar da hankali kan bayanan gudanarwa, cikakkiyar takardar bayanin fasaha don kayan LED za ta ƙunshi sassan masu zuwa. Ƙimar da ƙayyadaddun bayanai za a ƙayyade su ta hanyar takamaiman ƙayyadaddun bayanai na Sake Dubawa Na 2.

3.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsaloli

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a yi niyya don aiki na yau da kullun ba.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R): Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da aka yarda da shi a cikin hanyar baya a kan tashoshin LED.
• Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_F): Matsakaicin ci gaba da halin yanzu na gaba da aka yarda da shi.
• Kololuwar Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_FP): Matsakaicin halin yanzu na guguwa ko bugun jini na gaba da aka yarda da shi, galibi ana ƙayyade shi tare da cikakken aiki da faɗin bugun jini.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_D): Matsakaicin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya tarwatsawa, yawanci ana ƙididdige shi a takamaiman zafin yanayi.
• Kewayon Zafin Aiki (T_opr): Kewayon zafin yanayi wanda za a iya amfani da na'urar cikin aminci a cikinsa.
• Kewayon Zafin Ajiya (T_stg): Kewayon zafin jiki wanda za a iya adana na'urar cikin aminci ba tare da amfani da wutar lantarki ba.
• Zazzabin Solder: Matsakaicin zazzabi da tsawon lokacin da na'urar za ta iya jurewa yayin hanyoyin solder (misali, reflow ko solder kalaman ruwa).

3.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na'urar Gani

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji (yawanci I_F=20mA, T_a=25°C sai dai idan an lura da haka) kuma suna ayyana ainihin aikin LED.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F): Faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin da aka yi amfani da takamaiman halin yanzu na gaba. Yawanci ana bin shi zuwa kewayon (misali, V_F1, V_F2, V_F3).
• Ƙarfin Haske (I_V) ko Gudun Haske (Φ_v): Fitowar haske. Ga LED masu nuna alama, galibi ana ba da su azaman millicandelas (mcd) a takamaiman kusurwar kallo. Ga LED masu haskakawa, ana ba da su a cikin lumens (lm). Wannan ma'auni yana da ƙarfi sosai.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango (λ_D) ko Ma'auni na Launi (CIE x, y): Yana ayyana launin da ake gani na LED. Ga fararen LED, ana ƙayyade Matsakaicin Zazzabin Launi da aka Haɗa (CCT a cikin Kelvin, misali, 3000K, 5000K) da Fihirisar Fitar Launi (CRI, Ra), dukansu suna ƙarƙashin binning.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2): Tsawon kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya rabu da rabin kololuwar ƙarfin da aka auna a digiri 0.

3.3 Halayen Zafi

• Juriya na Thermal, Junction zuwa Yanayi (R_θJA): Ma'auni na yadda kunshin zai iya canja wurin zafi daga haɗin LED zuwa yanayin da ke kewaye. Ƙananan ƙima yana nuna ingantaccen aikin thermal, wanda ke da mahimmanci don kiyaye fitowar haske da tsawon rai.

4. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Sakamakon bambance-bambancen da ke cikin masana'antar semiconductor, ana rarraba LED bisa mahimman ma'auni don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin kayan samarwa. Ma'aunin binning da aka ayyana a cikin Sake Dubawa Na 2 suna da mahimmanci don ƙira.

4.1 Rarraba Tsawon Zango / Zazzabin Launi

Ana haɗa LED zuwa takamaiman kewayon tsawon zango (don LED masu launi) ko kewayon CCT (don fararen LED). Misali, fararen LED na iya zama bin cikin 5000K ± 200K. Dole ne masu zane su zaɓi daidaitaccen kwandon don biyan buƙatun daidaiton launi don aikace-aikacensu.

4.2 Rarraba Gudun Haske / Ƙarfin Haske

Ana rarraba LED bisa ga fitowar haske a daidaitaccen gwajin halin yanzu. Wannan yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar matakin haske kuma su tabbatar da daidaito a cikin jerin LED.

4.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Vf)

Ana haɗa LED ta hanyar faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irori masu inganci da kuma tabbatar da rarraba halin yanzu daidai lokacin da aka haɗa LED da yawa a layi daya.

5. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki

5.1 Lanƙwasa Halayen Halin Yanzu da Ƙarfin Lantarki (I-V)

Wannan jadawalin yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F). Ba shi da layi, yana nuna ƙarfin lantarki na bakin kofa (inda ake fara gudanarwa) bayan haka halin yanzu yana ƙaruwa da sauri tare da ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki. Dole ne direbobi su kasance masu ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu, ba masu ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin lantarki ba, saboda wannan hali.

5.2 Dogaro da Zazzabi

Jadawali yawanci yana nuna yadda ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana raguwa tare da haɓakar zafin haɗin gwiwa, yayin da gudun haske shima yana raguwa tare da haɓakar zazzabi. Gudanar da zafi mai kyau yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye aiki da tsawon rai.

5.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Bakan Haske

Ga fararen LED, wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna ƙarfin dangi a cikin bakan gani. Yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar CCT da CRI. Kasancewa da girman kololuwar daga LED na famfo shuɗi da canjin phosphor suna bayyane.

6. Bayanan Injiniya da Kunshin

An ba da cikakkun zane-zane masu girma (duba sama, duba gefe, duba ƙasa) tare da jurewa. Muhimman abubuwa sun haɗa da:

• Girman gabaɗaya na kunshin (Tsawon, Faɗi, Tsayi).
• Tsarin kafa da girma don ƙirar sawun PCB.
• Alamar tantance polarity (yawanci alamar cathode, kamar tsaga, kore dot, ko gajeriyar jagora).
• Shawarar ƙirar ƙasa ta PCB da ƙirar stencil.

7. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

7.1 Bayanin Yanayin Solder na Reflow

An ba da shawarar zazzabi da bayanin lokaci, gami da preheat, jiƙa, reflow (kololuwar zazzabi), da yankuna sanyaya. Matsakaicin kololuwar zazzabi (misali, 260°C) da lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (TAL) sune mahimman ma'auni don hana lalacewar zafi ga kunshin LED ko haɗin gwiwar ciki.

7.2 Abubuwan da Ya kamata a Kula da su

• Kauce wa amfani da damuwa na injiniya ga ruwan tabarau na LED.
• Yi amfani da kariya ta ESD yayin sarrafawa.
• Kada a yi tsaftacewa tare da masu tsaftacewa na ultrasonic bayan solder, saboda hakan na iya lalata kunshin.
• Tabbatar cewa PCB ya kasance mai tsafta kuma ba shi da gurɓataccen ion.

7.3 Yanayin Ajiya

Ya kamata a adana kayan a cikin yanayi mai bushewa, mara aiki (yawanci <40°C da <60% zafi na dangi). Idan na'urori masu damuwa da danshi sun fallasa ga iskar yanayi fiye da rayuwarsu ta bene, dole ne a gasa su kafin reflow don hana "popcorning" (fashewar kunshin saboda matsa lamba tururi yayin solder).

8. Bayanan Kunshin da Oda

8.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshin

Yana bayyana ƙayyadaddun tef da reel (faɗin tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya, tazarar aljihu, diamita na reel, adadin kowane reel) ko wasu hanyoyin kunshin (misali, bututu, tire).

8.2 Lakabi da Lambar Sashi

Yana bayyana bayanan da aka buga akan lakabin kunshin, gami da lambar sashi, lambar sake dubawa, adadi, lambar kwanan wata, da lambar kuri'a. Tsarin lambar sashi da kansa yana ɓoye mahimman halaye kamar launi, kwandon haske, kwandon ƙarfin lantarki, da nau'in kunshin.

9. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan da Ya kamata a Yi la'akari da su a Zane

9.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Zane-zane don tuƙi na LED na asali, yawanci ana amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na jeri don aikace-aikacen ƙaramin wutar lantarki ko direbobi masu ci gaba da halin yanzu (layi ko canzawa) don aikace-aikacen mafi girma ko na daidaito. Ana tattauna abubuwan da ya kamata a yi la'akari da su don haɗin jeri/layin daya.

9.2 Zanen Gudanar da Zafi

Mahimmanci ga LED masu ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Jagora akan shimfidar PCB (ta amfani da ramukan zafi, manyan kafet ɗin tagulla), heatsinking, da ƙididdige yawan zafin haɗin gwiwar da ake tsammani bisa ga halin yanzu na tuƙi, zafin yanayi, da juriya na thermal.

9.3 Abubuwan da Ya kamata a Yi la'akari da su a Zanen Gani

Bayanan kan kusurwar kallo, ƙirar ruwan tabarau don siffantar katako, da yuwuwar hulɗa tare na'urori na gani na biyu ko jagororin haske.

10. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Yayin da kwatancen abokin hamayyar kai tsaye ba ya cikin daidaitaccen takardar bayanai, ƙayyadaddun ma'auni na takardar (misali, babban ingancin haske, ƙananan juriya na thermal, ƙaramin binning launi, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙimar ESD) a ɓoye suna ayyana fa'idodin gasa. "Har Abada" lokacin karewa don Sake Dubawa Na 2 shi kansa babban bambance-bambance ne, yana nuna kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci da sadaukarwar samarwa.

11. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

Q: Me "Sake Dubawa Na 2" ke nufi ga tsofaffin ƙirar da na ke amfani da su?

A: Dole ne ka kwatanta takardar bayanin Sake Dubawa Na 2 da sigar da ta gabata. Idan kowane ƙayyadaddun bayanai na lantarki, na gani, ko na injiniya sun canza, kuna iya buƙatar sake cancantar ƙirar ku ko daidaita ma'aunin da'ira (kamar halin yanzu na direba) don tabbatar da ci gaba da aiki da amintacce.

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara "Lokacin Karewa: Har Abada"?

A: Yana nufin wannan takamaiman sake dubawa na takardar ba shi da tsare-tsaren ranar tsoho. Ƙayyadaddun bayanai an daidaita su na dogon lokaci. Koyaya, kayan da kansu ƙila a ƙarshe su kai matakin Ƙarshen Rayuwa (EOL), wanda za a sanar da shi daban ta hanyar sanarwar canjin samfur (PCN).

Q: Shin zan iya haɗa LED daga kwandon daban-daban a cikin samfur ɗaya?

A: Ana ƙarfafa hakan sosai. Haɗa kwandon na iya haifar da bambance-bambance a bayyane a cikin launi, haske, ko ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, wanda ke haifar da kamanni mara daidaituwa da yuwuwar rashin daidaiton halin yanzu a cikin da'irori masu layi daya. Koyaushe ka ƙayyade kuma ka yi amfani da kwandon guda ɗaya don wani gudun samarwa.

12. Lamuran Amfani na Aiki

Hali 1: Haskakawar Cikin Mota

Mai zane ya zaɓi wannan LED don fitilun karatun taswira. Suna amfani da ƙaramin binning na CCT (misali, 4000K ± 150K) don tabbatar da daidaitaccen launin farin haske a duk raka'o'in da ke cikin motar. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙimar zazzabi yana tabbatar da aiki a cikin mota mai zafi. Ingantaccen ƙayyadaddun bayanai na Sake Dubawa Na 2 yana tabbatar da irin wannan aikin don maye gurbin sassa a cikin rayuwar motar fiye da shekaru 10.

Hali 2: Panel Nuna Alamar Matsayin Masana'antu

Wani injiniya ya ƙirƙira panel iko tare da ɗaruruwan LED masu nuna alama. Ta amfani da bayanan binning ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, sun ƙirƙira da'irar tuƙi mai layi daya tare da daidaitattun resistors na ballast don kowane rukunin kwandon ƙarfin lantarki don tabbatar da daidaiton haske. "Har Abada" karewar takardar bayanai yana goyan bayan tsawon rayuwar hidimar panel na shekaru 15 ba tare da canje-canjen ƙayyadaddun bayanai ba.

13. Ka'idar Aiki

Diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs) na'urori ne na semiconductor waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n, electrons daga yankin n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga yankin p-type a cikin Layer mai aiki. Wannan sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar yana ƙaddara ta hanyar bandgap na makamashi na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su (misali, InGaN don shuɗi/kore, AlInGaP don ja/amber). Fararen LED galibi ana ƙirƙira su ta hanyar lulluɓe guntu LED shuɗi tare da phosphor rawaya; haɗin hasken shuɗi da rawaya yana samar da farin haske. Takamaiman haɗin phosphor yana ƙaddara Matsakaicin Zazzabin Launi da aka Haɗa (CCT).

14. Trends na Fasaha

Masana'antar haskakawa mai ƙarfi tana ci gaba da haɓakawa. Trends na gabaɗaya sun haɗa da haɓaka ingancin haske (lumens kowace watt), yana ba da damar fitar da haske mafi girma tare da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki da ƙarancin zafi. Akwai mai da hankali sosai kan inganta ingancin launi, gami da ƙimar Fihirisar Fitar Launi (CRI) mafi girma da mafi daidaiton daidaiton launi (ƙaramin binning). Ƙananan kunshin yayin kiyayewa ko ƙara fitowar haske yana ci gaba. Bugu da ƙari, haɗa fasali na wayo, kamar ingantattun direbobi ko iyawar daidaita launi, yana zama gama gari. Ƙarfafa dogon lokaci amintacce da kwanciyar hankali na takardar bayanai, kamar yadda "Har Abada" karewa a cikin wannan takardar ya nuna, ya yi daidai da buƙatun kasuwa don kayan aiki masu ƙarfi a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa da aikace-aikacen mota.