Takardar Rayuwar Kayan LED - Bita na 2 - Ranar Saki 2014-12-02 - Cikakken Bayanin Fasaha

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takardar fasaha tana ba da cikakken bayani game da sarrafa rayuwar wani sashi na lantarki, wanda aka gano yana cikin matakin "Bita". Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali akai shi ne tsara Bita na 2, wanda aka saki a hukumance a ranar 2 ga Disamba, 2014, da karfe 15:01:29. Takardar ta kafa matsayin sashin da ma'auninsa na dangi don dalilai na injiniya da sayayya. Babban fa'idar wannan takardar shi ne bayyananniyarta wajen ayyana matsayin bitar sashin da tsayayyen ingancinsa, yana ba da kwanciyar hankali don ƙirar samfuran dogon lokaci da tsara sarkar wadata. An yi niyya ne ga injiniyoyi, ƙwararrun sayayya, da ma'aikatan tabbatar da inganci waɗanda ke da hannu cikin zaɓar da haɗa wannan sashi cikin manyan tarukan lantarki.

2. Bayanan Rayuwa da Bita

Takardar ta sake maimaita kuma ta ci gaba da ƙayyade saiti ɗaya mai mahimmanci na metadata don sashin.

2.1 Matakin Rayuwa

An bayyana a sarari cewa sashin yana cikin"Bita"mataki. Wannan yana nuna cewa ƙirar sashin ba ta cikin sakin farko (Samfuri ko Farkon Samarwa) kuma ba ta ƙare ba. Tsayayyen sigar bita ce ta samfurin, yana nuna cewa akwai bitoci na baya kuma wannan sigar ta ƙunshi sabuntawa, ingantawa, ko gyare-gyare. Kasancewa a cikin matakin Bita yana nuna balaga da aminci don samar da yawa.

2.2 Lambar Bita

An bayyana lambar bita a sarari a matsayin22. Wannan alamar lamba tana da mahimmanci don sarrafa siga, tabbatar da cewa duk ɓangarorin da ke da hannu a cikin ƙira, masana'antu, da hanyoyin gwaji suna komawa ga ainihin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Yana ba da damar bin diddigin kuma yana taimakawa hana kurakurai da za su iya tasowa daga amfani da tsoffin ko kuskuren takardu.

2.3 Ranar da Lokacin Saki

Ainihin alamar lokacin saki don Bita na 2 ita ce2014-12-02 15:01:29.0. Wannan ainihin alamar lokaci tana aiki a matsayin cikakken mataki na hukuma, yana nuna lokacin da wannan takamaiman bita na takardun ya zama mai aiki da iko. Yana da mahimmanci don bin diddigin tarihi da kuma fahimtar lokacin ci gaban samfurin.

2.4 Lokacin Karewa

Takardar ta bayyana lokacin karewa a matsayin"Har Abada". Wannan babbar sanarwa ce ma'ana cewa wannan bita na takardar ba shi da tsayayyen ranar ƙarewa a cikin sharuɗɗan takardar kanta. Ƙayyadaddun bayanai da ke ciki an yi niyya su kasance masu inganci har abada, ko kuma har sai an maye gurbinsu da sabon bita. Wannan yana ba da tabbacin dogon lokaci don ƙirar da alkawuran masana'antu.

3. Ma'auni da Cikakkun Bayanai na Fasaha

Yayin da guntun PDF da aka bayar ya mai da hankali kan metadata na gudanarwa, cikakkiyar takardar fasaha don sashin lantarki za ta ƙunshi sassa da yawa cikakke. Dangane da mahallin takardar rayuwa don sashin LED mai yuwuwa ko makamancinsa, za a yi bincike mai zurfi akan sassa masu zuwa.

3.1 Halayen Hoto da Launi

Cikakken takardar bayanan fasaha za ta haɗa da ma'auni masu mahimmanci na fitar da haske na sashin. Wannan ya haɗa daƘarfin Haske(wanda aka auna a cikin lumens), wanda ke nuna jimillar ƙarfin haske da ake fitarwa.Yanayin Zafin Launi(wanda aka auna a cikin Kelvin, K) yana ayyana ko hasken ya zama dumi (misali, 2700K), tsaka-tsaki (misali, 4000K), ko sanyi (misali, 6500K).Fihirisar Nuna Launi (CRI)ma'auni ne na yadda tushen haske ke bayyana ainihin launukan abubuwa idan aka kwatanta da tushen haske na halitta, tare da ƙimar mafi girma (kusa da 100) ya fi kyau.Ma'auni na Launi(x, y akan zanen CIE 1931) suna ba da ainihin wurin launi na hasken da aka fitar. Don LED masu launi, za a ƙayyadeTsawon Raɗin Haske Mai RinjayedaTsawon Raɗin Haske Mafi Girma.

3.2 Ma'auni na Lantarki

Mahimman ƙayyadaddun bayanai na lantarki sune tushe don ƙirar da'ira.Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Vf)shine raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin da yake aiki a wani takamaiman halin yanzu. Wannan ma'auni yana da ƙima ta yau da kullun da kewayon (misali, 3.0V zuwa 3.4V a 20mA).Halin yanzu na Gaba (If)shine halin yanzu na aiki da aka ba da shawarar, sau da yawa ana ba da shi azaman ƙimar DC mai ci gaba da cikakkiyar ƙimar iyaka.Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (Vr)yana ƙayyade matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da za a iya amfani da shi a cikin hanyar baya ba tare da lalata na'urar ba.Rushewar Ƙarfiana ƙididdige shi daga Vf da If kuma yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa zafi.

3.3 Halayen Zafi

Aikin LED da tsawon rayuwa sun dogara sosai akan zafin jiki.Zafin Junction (Tj)shine zafin jiki a guntun semiconductor kansa, kuma matsakaicin ƙimar da aka yarda da ita shine iyaka mai mahimmanci.Juriya na Thermal (Rth_j-a), wanda aka auna a cikin °C/W, yana nuna yadda zafi ke tafiya yadda ya kamata daga junction zuwa iskar da ke kewaye. Ƙimar ƙasa tana nufin ingantacciyar hanyar kawar da zafi. Fahimtar waɗannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar isasshen heatsink ko tsarin sarrafa zafi don tabbatar da tsawon rayuwa da kiyaye fitar da haske.

4. Tsarin Rarrabe da Rarraba

Bambance-bambancen masana'antu yana nufin an rarraba LED zuwa kwandon kaya don tabbatar da daidaito.

4.1 Rarrabe Tsawon Raɗin Haske da Yanayin Zafin Launi

Ana rarraba LED bisa ma'aunin launinsu don tabbatar da kamanni iri ɗaya a cikin jeri. Takardar bayanai za ta ayyana takamaiman kwandon kaya (misali, ellipses na MacAdam na mataki 3, mataki 5) waɗanda ke tabbatar da cewa duk LED daga kwandon kaya ɗaya za su bayyana iri ɗaya a gani. Don fararen LED, sau da yawa ana bayyana shi azaman kwandon kaya a cikin wani iyaka na Duv (nisa daga wurin jikin baƙar fata) da daidaitaccen yanayin zafin launi (CCT).

4.2 Rarrabe Ƙarfin Haske

Hakanan ana rarraba LED ta hanyar fitar da haske. Tsarin rarrabe ƙarfin haske yana rarraba LED bisa ga ƙarfin haske da aka auna a daidaitaccen halin yanzu na gwaji. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar abubuwan da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun haske kuma yana tabbatar da aikin da ake iya hasashen a aikace-aikacen ƙarshe.

4.3 Rarrabe Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Don taimakawa wajen ƙirar da'irorin tuƙi masu inganci da tabbatar da rarraba halin yanzu daidai a cikin layukan layi, ana iya rarraba LED ta ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf). Wannan yana haɗa na'urori masu kamanceceniya da halayen Vf tare.

5. Bincike akan Lankwasa Aiki

Bayanan hoto suna ba da zurfin fahimta fiye da bayanan tebur kawai.

5.1 Lankwasa na Halin yanzu da Ƙarfin Lantarki (I-V)

Lankwasa I-V yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin halin yanzu da ke gudana ta cikin LED da ƙarfin lantarki a cikinsa. Ba layi ba ne, yana nuna ƙarfin lantarki na kunna wanda ƙasa da shi ƙaramin halin yanzu ke gudana. Gangaren lankwasa a cikin yankin aiki yana da alaƙa da juriya mai ƙarfi na LED. Wannan lankwasa yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar tuƙi mai iyakance halin yanzu da ya dace.

5.2 Halayen Yanayin Zafi

Hotuna yawanci suna nuna yadda mahimman ma'auni ke raguwa tare da haɓakar zafin jiki. Wannan ya haɗa da ƙarfin haske na dangi da zafin junction, inda fitarwa ke raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi. Lankwasa na ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da zafin jiki shima yana da mahimmanci, saboda Vf yana da ƙimar zafin jiki mara kyau (yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya karu), wanda zai iya shafar kwanciyar hankali na tuƙi na halin yanzu.

5.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske

Wannan jadawali yana nuna ƙarfin haske na dangi da aka fitar a kowane tsawon raɗin haske. Don fararen LED (sau da yawa blue chip + phosphor), yana nuna kololuwar shuɗi daga guntun da kuma faɗaɗɗen fitarwa na rawaya/ja daga phosphor. Siffar wannan lankwasa yana ƙayyade kai tsaye yanayin zafin launi da CRI na LED.

6. Bayanan Ƙirar Jiki da Kunshin

Girman jiki da cikakkun bayanai na gini suna da mahimmanci don ƙirar PCB da haɗawa.

6.1 Girman Ƙirar da Ƙimar Yardar Kai

6.2 Tsarin Filin Solder da ƙirar Filin Solder

An ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa na PCB (ƙirar filin solder) don tabbatar da haɗin solder mai dogaro yayin reflow ko solder igiyar ruwa. Wannan ya haɗa da girman filin, siffa, da tazara dangane da tashoshin sashin.

6.3 Gano Ƙirar Ƙarfin Lantarki

Hanyar gano anode da cathode an bayyana su a sarari, yawanci ta hanyar alama a jikin sashin (misali, tsaga, ɗigo, layi kore, ko mafi tsayin jagora). Daidaitaccen ƙirar ƙarfin lantarki yana da mahimmanci don aiki mai kyau.

7. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Sarrafa daidai yana tabbatar da dogaro.

7.1 Bayanin Yanayin Zafin Solder na Reflow

An ba da shawarar bayanin yanayin zafin jiki na reflow, gami da dumama, jiƙa, kololuwar zafin reflow, da ƙimar sanyaya. An ƙayyade matsakaicin zafin jiki da iyakokin lokaci-a-zafin jiki don hana lalacewar zafi ga kunshin LED da guntun ciki.

7.2 Kula da Sarrafawa da Ajiya

Umarni yawanci sun haɗa da kariya daga fitar da tashin hankali na lantarki (ESD), kamar yadda LED suke da na'urori masu hankali na semiconductor. An ba da shawarwari don yanayin ajiya (zafin jiki da ɗanɗano) don hana shan danshi, wanda zai iya haifar da "popcorning" yayin reflow.

8. Bayanan Kunshin da Sayayya

Dabarun sayayya da samarwa.

8.1 Cikakkun Bayanai na Kunshin

Cikakkun bayanai kan yadda ake samar da abubuwan: nau'in reel (misali, inci 7 ko inci 13), faɗin tef, tazarar aljihu, da kuma alkibla. Adadin kowane reel shima an ƙayyade.

8.2 Lakabi da Lambar Sashi

Bayanin lambar sashi, wanda yawanci yana ɓoye mahimman halaye kamar launi, kwandon kaya na ƙarfin haske, kwandon kaya na ƙarfin lantarki, da nau'in kunshin. Wannan yana ba da damar yin oda daidai ga ƙayyadaddun bayanai da ake buƙata.

9. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙirar

Jagora don aiwatar da nasara.

9.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Tsare-tsare don da'irorin tuƙi na asali, kamar ƙididdigar resistor na jeri don aikace-aikacen ƙaramin halin yanzu ko shawarwarin IC tuƙi na halin yanzu don aikace-aikacen mafi girma ko na daidaito.

9.2 Ƙirar Sarrafa Zafi

Jagora mai mahimmanci akan ƙirar PCB da tsarin don sarrafa zafi. Wannan ya haɗa da shawarwari don ramukan zafi, yankin zubar da tagulla, da yuwuwar buƙatar heatsink na waje don kiyaye zafin junction a cikin iyakokin aminci don dogon lokacin dogaro.

9.3 Abubuwan Ƙirar Hoto

Bayanan akan kusurwar kallo, tsarin katako, da yuwuwar buƙatar na'urori na biyu (ruwan tabarau, masu watsawa) don cimma ingantaccen bayanin haske a aikace-aikacen ƙarshe.

10. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Yayin da wannan takamaiman takarda ta kasance ta gudanarwa, cikakkiyar takardar bayanai na iya haskaka fa'idodin bitoci na baya ko samfuran gasa. Don Bita na 2, ingantawa na iya haɗawa da ingantaccen inganci na haske (ƙarin lumens a kowace watt), ingantaccen daidaiton launi (ƙaramin rarrabe), ingantattun bayanan dogaro (tsawon rayuwa na L70), ko ƙirar kunshin mai ƙarfi. Waɗannan bambance-bambancen za su kasance mahimmanci ga injiniyoyin da ke kimanta sashin.

11. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

Dangane da tambayoyin fasaha na gama gari:

Q: Me "Matakin Rayuwa: Bita" ke nufi ga samun kayan aiki?

A: Yana nuna cewa sashin yana cikin aiki mai ƙarfi, tsayayyen samarwa. Ba sabon samfuri ba ne (wanda zai iya samun matsalolin wadata) kuma ba ya ƙare (wanda zai haifar da sanarwar sayayya na ƙarshe). Ana sa ran samar da dogon lokaci.

Q: Karewa shine "Har Abada." Shin wannan yana nufin sashin ba zai taɓa ƙarewa ba?

A: A'a. "Har Abada" a cikin wannan mahallin yana nufin

takardardon Bita na 2 ba ta ƙarewa. Sashin kansa na iya ƙarewa a ƙarshe zuwa matakin rayuwa na "Ƙarewa" a nan gaba, wanda za a sanar da shi ta hanyar Sanarwar Canjin Samfuri (PCN) daban ko sanarwar dakatarwa.Q: Ta yaya zan tabbata cewa ina amfani da daidaitaccen bita a cikin ƙirara?

A: Koyaushe ka yi la'akari da takamaiman lambar bita (a wannan yanayin, 2) da ranar saki a cikin Lissafin Kayan Aiki (BOM) da fayilolin ƙira. Tabbatar da alamar akan abubuwan da aka karɓa idan zai yiwu.

12. Misalan Amfani na Aiki

Nazarin Shari'a 1: Kayan Hasken Gine-gine

Mai ƙira ya zaɓi wannan sashi, yana lura da matsayinsa na Bita na 2 don kwanciyar hankali na wadata. Suna amfani da kwandon kaya na ƙarfin haske da launi don tabbatar da farin haske iri ɗaya a cikin babban kayan aiki na layi. An yi amfani da bayanan juriya na thermal don ƙididdige girman heatsink na aluminum da ake buƙata don kiyaye zafin junction ƙasa da 85°C, yana tabbatar da tsawon rayuwar sa'o'i 50,000 da aka tallata.

Nazarin Shari'a 2: Alamar Kayan Lantarki na Masu Amfani

Injiniya ya ƙera alamar matsayi don kayan aikin gida. Ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki da tsayayyen ma'auni na ƙarfin lantarki na gaba daga takardar bayanai suna ba da damar sauƙaƙan da'irar tuƙi na resistor na jeri. Ainihin girma na injiniya yana tabbatar da cewa LED ya dace daidai da ruwan tabarau da aka ƙera na ginin samfurin.

13. Gabatarwa akan Ƙa'idar Aiki

Diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs) na'urori ne na semiconductor waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan junction p-n, electrons suna sake haɗuwa tare da ramuka a cikin na'urar, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Launin hasken da aka fitar yana ƙaddara ta hanyar tazarar band na makamashi na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su (misali, Gallium Nitride don shuɗi/UV, Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide don ja/rawaya/kore). Fararen LED yawanci ana ƙirƙira su ta hanyar lulluɓe guntun LED shuɗi ko ultraviolet tare da kayan phosphor wanda ke rage wasu hasken zuwa tsayin raɗin haske, yana samar da faffadan bakan da ake ganin farar fata.

14. Trends da Ci gaban Masana'antu

Masana'antar LED tana ci gaba da haɓaka cikin sauri. Manyan trends sun haɗa da:

Ƙara Ingantacciyar Aiki:

Ci gaba da ingantawa a cikin ƙirar guntu, fasahar phosphor, da ingancin kunshin suna tura ingancin haske mafi girma, rage amfani da makamashi don fitar da haske iri ɗaya.Ingantaccen Ingancin Launi:

Akwai mai da hankali sosai kan cimma ƙimar CRI mai girma (90+ har ma da 95+) da haske mai farin fata mai daidaitawa (daidaitaccen CCT) don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar mafi girman nuna launi, kamar hasken kantin sayar da kayayyaki da gidan kayan gargajiya.Ƙananan Ƙirar da Haɗawa:

Haɓaka Kunshin Ƙananan Ƙirar (CSP) LEDs da Micro-LEDs yana ba da damar ƙananan jeri masu yawa don aikace-aikace kamar nunin ƙirar ƙira da ƙananan kayan haske.Hasken Mai Hankali da Haɗin kai:

Haɗa na'urorin sarrafa lantarki da ka'idojin sadarwa (kamar DALI, Zigbee) kai tsaye cikin kayan aikin LED yana zama gama gari, yana sauƙaƙa haɓakar Intanet na Abubuwa (IoT) a cikin tsarin haske.Dogaro da Tsawon Rayuwa:

Bincike yana ci gaba da tsawaita tsawon lokacin aiki da fahimtar hanyoyin gazawa, musamman a ƙarƙashin yanayin damuwa na babban zafin jiki da babban halin yanzu da aka saba a cikin aikace-aikacen babban ƙarfi.Research continues to extend operational lifetime and understand failure mechanisms, especially under high-temperature and high-current stress conditions common in high-power applications.